Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Most laboratories in Pakistan use expensive imported clinical chemistry reagent kits resulting in high cost/test to the patients. To reduce these costs, reagents were prepared from basic chemicals, substrates and enzymes imported from Sigma Chemical Company U.K. This reduced the cost/test by up to 500% in some reagents. The quality of these reagents was tested by Wellcome External, Q.C. Locally prepared reagents were comparable to or better than commercial reagents systems in terms of accuracy and precision. This paper describes the preparations according to I.F.C.C., costs and quality control of some of the reagents i.e., glucose, calcium, bilirubin, albumin, total protein, urea, ALT, AST and LDH and their comparisons with equivalent commercial kits.
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PMID:Economy and quality assessment of home made clinical chemistry reagents. 159 26

Egyptian scorpion venom was collected by electrical stimulation of the telson. Rats were injected with the lyophilized venom in 3 different doses (100, 200 and 400 micrograms/kg). Blood samples were drawn by heart puncture before and 4 h after venom administration. Serum was separated and collected for determination of glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, uric acid (UA), total proteins, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT), lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase (CPK). Serum glucose, creatinine, GOT, GPT and LDH were increased significantly in all treatments. At the same time serum BUN and CPK were elevated significantly with a dose-response relationship. On the other hand, serum total proteins, uric acid, cholesterol, calcium and potassium were significantly decreased 4 h after administration of the 3 doses. These changes in clinical chemistry parameters are most probably related to the toxic effect of the venom on the target organs.
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PMID:Effect of scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus (H&E) venom on the clinical chemistry parameters of the rat. 160 45

We have experienced a case of fulminant malignant hyperthermia who was a 63-year-old female weighing 44 kg. There was no particular past history nor family history. She underwent right mastoidectomy because of chronic otitis media. Her preoperative physical status was ASA I. She was premedicated with diazepam 10 mg and loxatigine 75 mg P.O. The induction was done with thiamylal 200 mg IV and fentanyl 0.1 mg IV followed by vecuronium 6 mg IV for endotracheal intubation. Intubation was easy and uneventful. Anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide 3 l.min-1, oxygen 3 l.min-1 and enflurane 2.0%. Seventy min after the induction of anesthesia, arterial blood gas analysis showed severe respiratory acidosis (PCO2: 63.2 mmHg, pH: 7.27) and it was improved with manual hyperventilation at that time. Pulse rate increased from 80 to 115 b.p.m. 20 minutes later. Then, the patient was ventilated with 100% oxygen, and anesthetic circuits and machine were exchanged for new units. Surgery was postponed. Muscle stiffness of upper extremities was observed and her temperature increased to a maximum of 38.9 degrees C. Surface cooling was started and dantrolene sodium 60 mg and furosemide 20 mg were given intravenously. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit, and clinical signs improved gradually within one hour. Serum enzymes; CPK, LDH, GOT and GPT increased on the first postoperative day. On the 11 th postoperative day skeletal muscle biopsy was done under local anesthesia with 1% procaine and Ca-induced Ca-release rate test revealed positive for enflurane. This is the oldest patient of malignant hyperthermia reported in Japan.
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PMID:[A case report of a 63-year-old patient with malignant hyperthermia]. 161 62

Effects of glycyrrhizin (GR) on an injury of the liver caused by ischemia-reperfusion in rats were determined. In the liver ischemia-reperfusion model, levels of serum AST, ALT and LDH, lipid peroxides in the liver tissue, and blood superoxide dismutase activity were significantly increased. On the contrary, total glutathione content in the liver tissue was decreased. When rats were given GR 100 mg/kg for 10 days, GR suppressed the elevation of the lipid peroxide level, serum AST, ALT, LDH level, and the decrease in glutathione content during the period of reperfusion. The suppressive effect of GR was similar with that of alpha-tocopherol (VE). GR showed neither 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) nor 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide(DMPO)-OOH radical-trapping ability, but exhibited DMPO-OH radical-trapping action, while, VE exhibited both DPPH and DMPO-OOH radical-trapping ability. These results indicate that the hydroxyl radical trapping action of GR is the likely mechanism suppressing liver injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion.
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PMID:The protective effect of glycyrrhizin against injury of the liver caused by ischemia-reperfusion. 165 Jan 69

Heparin preparations have been used for prophylaxis and treatment of deep vein thrombosis for many years. Several biologic effects of heparin are known. Since 1978, there have been several reports about reversible elevation in serum values of AST and ALT in patients and healthy volunteers given heparin in small and high doses. Few studies report similar events in patients given LMW heparins. Results of two randomized studies (A and B) comprising 456 patients undergoing THR are presented. Two different compounds of LMW heparin (Logiparin or Enoxaparin) were used for thromboprophylaxis. Significant elevation during the postoperative period of AST and AP in study A, and AST, ALT, AP, LDH, and CK in study B were demonstrated in patients given LMW heparins in both studies. In study A the percentages of patients with normal preoperative values who reached pathologic values were 35% for AST and 15% for AP. In study B the percentages of patients with normal preoperative values who reached pathologic values were 36% for AST, 17% of ALT, 14% for AP, and 36% for LDH. The possible biologic mechanisms and the clinical perspectives are discussed. In all cases the changes in the liver enzymes returned to preoperative levels within 14 days.
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PMID:Biologic tolerance of two different low molecular weight heparins. 166 60

Anti-hepatitis effect of the olean-9(11),12-diene-3 b, 30-diol 3 b, o-hemisuccinate Na Salt (III b), a glycyrrhetinic acid derivative, was studied in CCl4 induced mouse. The mouse was administered i.p. with 0.1 mole/kg or 0.2 mole/kg of III b, then followed by 31.4 microliters/kg of CCl4. III b was shown to promote the activity of the glucose-6-phosphatase, lower the content of malondialdehyde, and prevent the activity from the soluble enzyme(i.e. GPT, GOT, LDH) from flowing out in the serum enzyme and liver homogenate. III b had the similar anti-peroxidation effect as vitamin E and can maintain the liver function.
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PMID:Effect of olean-9(11), 12-diene-3 beta, 30-diol 3 beta, o-hemisuccinate Na salt, a glycyrrhetinic acid derivative, on peroxidation in CCl4 induced mouse acute hepatitis. 166 46

The serum hormone (T3, FT3, T4, FT4, TSH, hTG, a-hTG, GH, PTH, PRL, Cortisol) concentrations, the inorganic phosphate complexes (HPO2-4, H2PO-4, NaHPO-4, KHPO-4, CaHPO4, MgHPO4) and the enzyme activities (Amylase, Lipase, AP, ACE, GOT, GPT, psi-ChE, CK, gamma-GT, LDH) were investigated in 13 haemodialysed children, 7 kidney-transplanted children and in 15 healthy controls. This study confirmed that the kidney plays an important role in the metabolism of hormones. Prior to kidney transplantation 8 of the 11 tested hormone levels of haemodialysed children significantly differed from those of healthy controls, however, after kidney transplantation only two parameters did. The effect of dialysis is the least on the CaHPO4 complex among the different inorganic phosphate complexes. This may play a role in vascular calcification in chronic renal failure patients. The amylase and lipase activity were elevated in haemodialysed group, while in kidney-transplanted children the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) differed from those of the control group.
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PMID:The serum hormone levels, phosphate complex concentrations and enzyme activities in haemodialysed and kidney-transplanted children. 169 May 69

A sandwich ELISA system for detecting vascular basement membrane associated collagen (BAC) was developed. Serum levels of BAC were determined in patients with liver diseases (N = 53), various cancers (N = 65) and other diseases (399). Serum levels of procollagen type III (PIIIP) amino propeptide, type IV collagen.7s domain (7s domain) and other parameters (TP, ALB, GOT, GPT, CHE, gamma-GTP, ALP, LDH, CHE, TG, GLU) were also determined in those patients. In the whole patients, serum concentrations of BAC showed a weak correlation with GOT, GPT, ALB and CHE but not with gamma-GTP and ALP. There was no correlation between BAC and PIIIP or 7s domain. Although serum levels of BAC were elevated in both liver diseases and cancers, the increase in liver diseases was more marked. Markedly increased serum levels of BAC with low levels of CHE were found only in liver cirrhosis and liver cirrhosis plus hepatocellular carcinoma. Increased BAC may reflect capillarization of the liver sinusoid or remodeling of the vascular basement membrane which is observed in the progression of liver fibrosis. Serum BAC is thought to be a promising new marker, different from PIIIP or 7s domain for diagnosing fibrosis state in the organs, particularly in the liver.
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PMID:[Serum level of vascular basement membrane associated collagen by the sandwich ELISA with monoclonal antibodies and its clinical significance in various diseases]. 170 45

In order to study the effects of high energy shock wave exposure on the kidney in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) using Dornier HM3, renal hemodynamics and renal function before and after ESWL were analyzed by 99mTc-DTPA renoscintigraphy. Various urinary enzyme activities (LDH, GOT, GPT, NAG, gamma-GTP) and low molecular protein concentrations (alpha 1-microglobulin, beta 2-microglobulin) before and after ESWL were also compared. In the early phase of the renoscinitgram obtained in the 1st min after injection of 99mTc-DTPA, the time required to reach maximum radioactivity was significantly prolonged after ESWL in both the affected and contralateral kidney. This indicated that renal blood flow decreased in both the affected and contralateral kidney immediately after ESWL. An analysis of the 30-min renoscintigram showed that urinary clearance was delayed in the affected kidney in spite of no overt obstruction due to stone fragments. As for urinary enzyme activities and low molecular protein concentrations, they were standardized by urinary creatinine concentration measured at the same time. Urinary LDH, GOT, GPT and NAG activities remarkably increased on the day of ESWL followed by a decrease close to pretreatment levels on the 4th day, though these levels were still significantly higher than pretreatment levels. Urinary gamma-GPT activity was significantly higher than the pretreatment level only on the day of ESWL. Urinary alpha 1-microglobulin and beta 2-microglobulin concentrations significantly increased on the day of ESWL and were still high on the 4th day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of high energy shock wave exposure on renal function during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for kidney stones. 170 28

The concentration of leukocyte elastase (ELP) in plasma and serum was determined by an amidolysis method using a specific synthetic substrate for ELP, Suc-Ala-Tyr-Leu-Val-pNA. Results were compared with those using ELISA. ELP levels in plasma from healthy donors were similar to those determined by ELISA; however, the levels in serum were lower than those determined by ELISA. Correlation coefficients of ELP levels in plasma and serum as measured by the two methods were 0.75 (amidolysis) and 0.90 (ELISA). On the other hand, the correlation coefficient between serum ELP by the two methods was 0.83. Half of the ELP levels in plasma from 150 patients and serum from 400 patients were significantly elevated when compared with those from healthy donors, and the ELP elevation determined by amidolytic assay correlated with some variables in blood, namely fibrin(ogen)-degraded products, fibrinogen, GOT, GPT, gamma-GTP, LDH and leucine aminopeptidase. Despite the fact that the amidolysis method detects the alpha 2-macroglobulin-ELP complex while ELISA detects the alpha 1-antitrypsin-ELP complex, a comparative study showed amidolysis to provide sufficiently sensitive measurement of both plasma and serum ELP.
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PMID:Determination of leukocyte elastase concentration in plasma and serum by a simple method using a specific synthetic substrate. 172 82


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