Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Phytohemagglutinins from sees of Myrtus communis L., either in solution or adsorbed by glutaraldehyde-treated erythrocytes, constitute an effective system for clarification of lipemic sera. It can be used in clinical analysis to avoid the interference produced by turbidity in spectrophotometric determinations. Parameters such as glucose, bilirubin, urea, uric acid, GPT, GOT, and LDH, amongst others, can be determined without interference. The content in triglycerides of 1 ml of serum can be decreased by more than seventy per cent by treatment with 50 mg of lyophilized glutaraldehyde-treated erythrocytes saturated with Myrtus communis L. phytohemagglutinins.
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PMID:Myrtus communis L. phytohemagglutinins as a clarifying agent for lipemic sera. 11 38

Ten male rhesus monkeys, each weighing 3.5 kg, were divided into four groups of 3, 3, 2, and 2, and were fed daily with 100 g pelleted food containing 300, 30, 3, and 0 ppm cadmium, respectively. Urine samples were collected every 2 weeks and blood samples every 4 weeks. One monkey each of the 300 and 30 ppm groups was autopsied for pathological examination and tissue cadmium determination at the week 24 of the experiment; the remaining 8 animals were killed after 55 weeks. The lowest exposed group (3 ppm) did not show any specific biological response to cadmium over a period of 55 weeks. In the 30 ppm group, no significant changes were observed for up to 24 weeks, although cadmium concentration in the renal cortex and urine at 24 weeks were 300 mug/g wet weight and 18 mug/l., respectively. Plasma urea nitrogen and urine protein (quantitative determination) increased after 30 and 36 weeks. At 55 weeks of the experiment, qualitative tests were negative for low molecular weight proteinuria and glycosuria, and the results remained normal for renal and liver function tests and blood analysis, although cadmium concentrations in the renal cortex of two monkeys were 460 and 730 mug/g wet weight and those in the liver were 110 and 160 mug/g wet weight, respectively. In the highest exposure group (300 ppm), urine cadmium increased to 250 mug/l. by 11 weeks, and urine retinol-binding protein, plasma GOT, GPT, and LDH increased after 12 weeks. Proteinuria (quantitative determination), glycosuria, aminoaciduria (panaminoaciduria), and erythrocytopenia were observed after 16 weeks, when urine cadmium was 500-900 mug/l. Hypohemoglobinopathy and proteinuria (qualitative determination) were observed after 20 and 24 weeks, while cadmium concentrations in the renal cortex and the liver were 760 and 430 mug/g wet weight at 24 weeks, respectively. Slightly depressed tubular reabsorption of phosphate, increased urine beta(2)-microglobulin, increased plasma urea nitrogen, and increased plasma alpha(2)-globulin fraction (electrophoresis) were observed between 28 and 30 weeks of the experiment. Creatinine clearance and plasma cholinesterase decreased after 47 and 54 weeks, respectively. Cadmium concentrations in the renal cortex and the liver of two monkeys at 55 weeks were 350 and 580 mug/g wet weight and 410 and 630 mug/g wet weight, respectively. Pathological examinations revealed denaturation, destruction, and regeneration of the epithelial cells in renal proximal tubules, but no pathological changes in osseous tissues. Critical cadmium concentration in the renal cortex was estimated to be 380 mug/g wet weight for low molecular weight proteinuria and 470 mug/g wet weight for proteinuria, glycosuria, and aminoaciduria. Critical concentration in the liver was also estimated to be 210 mug/g wet weight. The apparent biological half-time of cadmium in monkeys at autopsied stage was calculated to be 0.66, 6.4, 5.2, and 22.4 years for the 300, 30, 3, and 0 ppm groups, respectively.
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PMID:Effects of dietary cadmium on rhesus monkeys. 11 86

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been demonstrated to be an effective therapeutic means in improving the clinical course of the critically ill patients. Various metabolic complications are described; the cause of some of these remain unclear. The changes in some plasma enzyme indices (GOT, GPT, GIDH, LDH, HBDH, CPK, ChE, AP, gamma-GT) in two groups of critically ill patients undergoing TPN (group with more marked enzyme alterations and group with less marked alteration) were examined. Two types of alterations were found: (1) early increase of some enzymes (GOT, GPT, GIDH); (2) constant increase of plasma enzyme level during TPN (AP, gamma GT). These two evolutionary patterns were more evident in the complicated group and the enzyme changes were statistically significant for GOT and GPT (P = 0.05) and not significant for initial values of G1DH, ap and gamma-GT. Both groups presented constant elevated plasma values of LDH, HBDH, CPK and depressed constant ChE value during treatment; the difference was not significant in both groups for the same enzymes. The data were interpreted from a functional point of view; that is they were related to both the metabolic post-aggressive state and TPN. A relationship between the rate of protein catabolism and the inductive increase of some enzymes (GOT, GPT, G1DH) was found. Whereas a final induction in the energy metabolism is suggested for other enzymes (LDH, HBDH), the alteration of CPK, AP, gamma-GT and ChE was interpreted as dependent on: (1) direct muscular trauma (CPK); (2) functional increase in relation to the duration of TPN (AP and gamma-GT); (3) possible depressed malnutritive synthesis (ChE). The improvement of the enzymatic patterns with the early use of TPN and with the improvement of clinical and nutritional conditions was emphasized.
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PMID:Alterations in the enzyme profile in intensive care patients undergoing total parenteral nutrition. 12 18

In patients with increased levels of GOT, GPT, CPK, LDH, SP and AP in serum, the activities of these enzymes in nasal mucus are determined. Even in cases with extreme increase of activity in serum, the enzyme-activities in nasal mucus are normal. From this we concluded first, that the enzymes in nasal mucus are specific products of the intermediary metabolism of the mucous membranes and secondly, that the rate of transsudation of serum proteins by the nasal mucous membrane therefore is very low in physiological state.
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PMID:[Rate of transudation of the mucous membranes by testing the enzymes of the intermediary metabolism in the secretion of patients with different internal diseases (author's transl)]. 12 37

Enzymatic activities were determined in the prosencephalon of rats which had been exposed repeatedly for 8 hrs, either from the age of 1 to 17 days or in adulthood, to an altitude of 7,000 m in a barometric chamber (up to a total of 104 hrs). The activity of enzymes was assayed 20 hrs after the last exposure. The results were compared with values obtained 20 hrs after a single 8-hour exposure to a stimulated altitude of 7,000 m in 17-day-old and adult rats. In young rats a single exposure to hypoxia, the most elevated was the activity of LDH and isoCDH, while GPT and CPK were decreased. After repeated hypoxia, the most significant increasw was noted in the activity of PK and again a decrease in GPT and CPK. In adulthood, a single exposure to hypoxia causes the greatest increase in CPK, while LDH and GOT are reduced. Following repeated hypoxia, none of the enzyme activities were increased by more than 20%, while LDH, GOT, GIDH and CPK were again lower. It is concluded from these results that a single exposure to hypoxia increases anaerobic glycolysis in the immature nervous tissue and improves its oxygen utilization. The relationship between glycid and amino acid metabolism are not appreciably altered. On the other hand, a general reduction of bioenergetics and biosynthesis occurs in adulthood. Repeated hypoxia, on the contrary, has similar after-effects in both age groups, namely inhibition of aerobic metabolism and of the relations between glycid and amino acid metabolism.
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PMID:Effect of long-term hypoxia upon the activity of some enzymes in the brain of rats during early postnatal ontogenesis and in adulthood. 13 31

The clinical value of enzyme activities in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) should be proved by examination of GOT, GPT, LDH and CPK in blood and CSF of 115 unselected and 4 selected patients. Only the GOT showed a significant correlated increase in diffuse vascular diseases in both, serum and CSF. Discussing the literature the authors affirm, that only mechanical or functional lesion of the blood-brain-barrier will increase the enzyme activities in serum and CSF. The origin of these enzymes however is unknown till now.
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PMID:[The diagnostic value of enzymes in cerebrospinal fluid (author's transl)]. 13 4

Daily levels of GOT, GPT, AK and LDH did not change consistently with exercise in any species. The level of CPK each day before exercise presented a consistent rise during the week of exercise in the dog and man but not in the pig. By the third day of resting, all enzyme activities were at control levels. The probable tissue of origin for AK and LDH at rest as well as after exercise was the heart, liver, skeletal muscle and kidney in all three species. Serum CPK was the most sensitive index of acute exercise stress in the trained dogs and men. We have shown that the pig, which exhibits responses to exercise resembling those of man, can be exercise trained. The pig may, therefore, be the more appropriate model for endurance exercise studies.
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PMID:Effects of endurance exercise on serum enzyme activities in the dog, pig and man. 16 35

Serum activities of LDH isoenzymes as well as total LDH, GOT and GPT were determined after hepatic artery ligation in five patients with primary or metastatic liver cancer. Transaminases and total LDH activities were raised after the operation showing their peaks on the first or third postoperative days. LDH2, LDH3 and LDH5 increased substantially during the first three postoperative days. These changes became nearly normalized within two weeks after hepatic artery ligation. As control the same enzymatic activities were measured in eight patients after usual laparotomies but no significant abnormalities were observed postoperatively. Thus, liberation of not only cathodic but also anodic migrating LDH isoenzymes seems to ensue possibly after acute liver damage induced by hepatic artery ligation. This study also suggests that serial determination of LDH isoenzymes as well as its total activity could be a valuable assessment for evaluating the anti-tumor effect of hepatic artery ligation.
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PMID:Changes in lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes after hepatic artery ligation in patients with hepatic carcinoma. 18 17

16 patients with chronic liver or haematologic diseases were parenterally given various doses of Desferrioxamine B (DF). Each daily dose of DF (from 1 to 4 g) was given for a 7 days cycle. Liver, kidney and blood functions were investigated at the first and seventh day of each cycle, and 1 and 2 weeks after therapy was stopped. 1 g/day and 2 g/day had no side effects, with the exception of a fall of white blood cell (WBC) count in a single case on 2 g/day. 3 g/day (15 patients) were followed by rises of blood urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase and glutamyl-transpeptidase respectively in 4 cases, and by falls of WBC count in 3 cases. 4 g/day (9 patients) caused rises of creatinine, GPT and GOT (1 case) or LDH (1 case), while WBC count dropped in 4 cases. All changes were reversible within one-two weeks. These recorded changes were outside the range of pretreatment values as obtained over the previous four weeks.
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PMID:Desferrioxamine B: reversible side effects of high daily doses. 23 90

Investigations were performed with the aim of establishing the influence of various environmental conditions (such as steady field conditions, climatized laboratories, Faraday's cage) on a number of enzymic activities in the rat (including glutamic oxaloacetic tic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, acid phosphatase), as well as the serum concentrations of triglycerides, the oxygen consumption of hepatic parenchyma cells, and the influence on the incorporation of 3H-thymidine (following partial hepatectomy). In the steady field, the activities of the cytoplasmic enzymes (GOT, GPT, LDH) were higher then under Faraday conditions. The same applies both to the hepatic oxygen consumption and to the neutral fat serum levels. The control values always remained within the range of the results obtained under steady field or Faraday conditions. In the structure-linked enzymes (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, acid phosphatase) the results were not uniform. Following partial hepatectomy, and under steady field conditions, the serum triglyceride concentrations showed a less pronounced drop than they did in the controls. Under selected environmental conditions, the results obtained lie within the physiological range. The present findings, therefore, do not permit definite conclusions to be drawn on favourable or unfavourable effects exerted by the different types of electroclimates.
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PMID:[Metabolism of rat liver in the electrostatic field and in the faraday cage before and after hepatectomy (author's transl)]. 24 66


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