Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven healthy men volunteers received 6.6 +/- 1.3 (SD) percent-hours of halothane oxygen anesthesia without surgery. Serum bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase significantly increased after anesthesia, which may indicate subclinical liver-cell damage. Creatine kinase of skeletal muscle origin increased above 90 U/liter in six subjects, indicating subclinical muscle-cell damage. Cortisol, triiodothyronine uptake, thyroxine, and free thyroxine index increased significantly immediately after anesthesia. Serum bromide concentrations had increased by fivefold on the second day after anesthesia, and on the ninth day was still elevated fourfold. Oral temperatures increased 0.7 degrees C 6 h post-anesthesia, possibly because of increased thyroxine activity. Lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities did not change significantly. No drugs administered during the course of this study chemically interfered with any of the test methods used.
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PMID:Effect of halothane anesthesia on muscle, liver, thyroid, and adrenal-function tests in man. 0 91

We measured creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) activity in 1009 serum samples from 538 patients in the intensive-care units of the University of Texas Medical Branch hospitals. Creatine kinase isoenzymes migrating cathodal to skeletal muscle creatine kinase (CK-MM) on cellulose acetate electrophoresis were found in sera from 14 of the 538 patients. Creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), and alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) activities were abnormally increased in these 14 patients. Liver lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme (LDH5) and cardiac creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) were abnormally increased in 12 and eight of these patients, respectively. Ten of the 14 patients died during their hospital admission. We believe the creatine kinase isoenzymes that migrated cathodal to skeletal muscle creatine kinase (CK-MM) were of mitochondrial origin.
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PMID:Creatine kinase isoenzymes of mitochondrial origin in human serum. 44 29

The time course of changes in serum proteins and other blood constituents after eccentric exercise of the forearm flexors by six nonweight-trained female subjects (age, 19.7 +/- 1.9 years) was investigated. Eccentric muscle actions are those in which the muscle lengthens as it exerts force, as when a person lowers a weight. Serum levels of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, myoglobin, as well as urea nitrogen, uric acid, creatinine, calcium, and phosphorus were examined before and for 6 days after exercise. Creatine kinase increased dramatically (peak value ranged from 6740 to 24,200 U/L) and aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and myoglobin followed the same time course as creatine kinase, but their peak values were lower. These proteins did not increase significantly until 48 hours after exercise and reached peak values 3 to 5 days after exercise. Alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, uric acid, urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium, and phosphorus showed no change. There is either a delay in muscle protein release by damaged muscle fibers, or the proteins are unable to leave the interstitial area for the 24 to 48 hour period after exercise. Because of the long delay, care should be taken when blood protein levels are interpreted in persons who have exercised strenuously (even if only for a short period of intense effort) several days before any diagnostic tests are performed.
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PMID:Time course of serum protein changes after strenuous exercise of the forearm flexors. 174 Jun 32

Ten minutes after an intravenous flooding dose of phenylalanine to rats, plasma sodium and calcium concentrations were slightly reduced (by 2-7%) but no effects on potassium or phosphate were observed. Creatine kinase activities were significantly increased by phenylalanine injection (by 39%), but alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were unaltered. Plasma concentrations of total proteins, albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine and glucose were also unaffected. In the presence of anaesthesia, phenylalanine injection had almost identical effects, although the increase in creatine kinase activities did not reach statistical significance. Anaesthesia for 10 min reduced plasma potassium concentrations (by 27%), and calcium (by 5%), though phosphate and sodium were unaltered. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase were reduced by between 36-52%, but alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities were unaltered by anaesthesia. Plasma concentrations of total proteins and albumin were also reduced (both by 9%), but glucose concentrations were increased (by 33%). Anaesthesia had no other significant effects on cholesterol, triglycerides, urea or creatinine concentrations. The qualitative effects of anaesthesia in the presence of raised free phenylalanine concentrations were similar. It was concluded that, except for creatine kinase, determinations of plasma constituents in phenylalanine-injected rats could be made without overt interpretational errors. However, caution is required in interpreting data on plasma constituents from anaesthetized rats.
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PMID:Measurement of protein synthesis by the phenylalanine flooding dose technique: effect of phenylalanine and anaesthesia on plasma electrolyte, enzyme and metabolite levels. 198 47

The present study was designed to test if both the intensity and duration of the 45-min Square-Wave Endurance Exercise Test (SWEET) would produce changes in serum enzyme activities. Nine men, four sedentary (S) and five athletes (A), performed VO2 max and SWEET, at their Maximal Intensity of Endurance (MIE45) as defined by maximal heart rate and the impossibility of maintaining MIE 45 + 5% for 45 min. Arterial blood was sampled at rest (R), exercise (Ex) (45th min) and during recovery (15th min) for measurements of levels of Haemoglobin (Hb), Haematocrit (Hct), pH and seven serum enzymes: Creatine kinase (CPK), Hexose-phosphate isomerase (PHI), Aldolase (ALD), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Malate dehydrogenase (MDH), Aspartate amino-transferase (ASAT or GOT), and Alanine aminotransferase (ALAT or GPT). Five enzymes increased significantly during exercise (MIE45), the delta % (Ex - R/R) increases were as follows: PHI (72%), MDH (28%), LDH (21%), CPK (17%), and GOT (13.5%), whilst only a 10% increase was observed for Hct and Hb and there was no significant change in the arterial pH. There was no correlation between the delta % of Hb, Hct, pH, and the results for the enzymes. Thus, it does not seem that haemoconcentration and arterial blood acidosis which occur during exercise are only at the origin of the observed increases in enzymes. A difference between "sedentary" and "athletes" subjects was found at rest and exercise (delta % = A - S/S) for CPK (R = 222%; Ex = 235%), GOT (R = 90%; Ex = 75%) and ALD (R = 99%; Ex = 54%). These results suggest that the MIE45, by measured increases in enzymatic activity, seems to require great muscular effort.
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PMID:Serum enzyme variations in men during an exhaustive "square-wave" endurance exercise test. 653 38

Median values and confidence intervals for hematology and serum and plasma chemistry parameters were established for 29 male and female healthy New Guinea snapping turtles (Elseya novaeguineae) held at 24.5 degrees C and 30.0 degrees C. Creatine kinase, albumin, potassium, and phosphorus values were significantly higher at 24.5 degrees C than at 30.0 degrees C. Glucose, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, total carbon dioxide, and chloride values were significantly higher at 30.0 degrees C than at 24.5 degrees C. Cholesterol and calcium values were significantly higher in females than in males. Hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and bilirubin were significantly higher in males than in females, and bile acid values were significantly higher in serum than in plasma.
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PMID:Hematology and clinical chemistry reference ranges for clinically normal, captive New Guinea snapping turtle (Elseya novaeguineae) and the effects of temperature, sex, and sample type. 952 32

Efficacy and tolerability of atorvastatin (20 mg/day) were assessed in a 3 month study on 19 patients (5 men, 14 women, mean age 52.3 years) with familial hypercholesterolemia. Average baseline levels of total cholesterol (CH) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) CH were 10.7 and 8.6 mmol/l, respectively. By the end of 3 months levels of CH, LDL CH, triglycerides and atherogeneity index decreased by 32, 41, 16 and 45%, respectively. This was accompanied by 21% increase of high density lipoprotein CH level. There were no cases of AST or ALT activity elevation above 3 upper limits of normal values. However 1 patient had asymptomatic elevation of ALT activity up to 53 U/l which did not cause interruption of therapy. Creatine kinase remained normal throughout the study period. Three patients (16%) stopped taking atorvastatin because of side effects. Thus in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia the dose of atorvastatin 20 mg/day was sufficiently well tolerated and provided effective control of lipid levels.
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PMID:[Atorvastatin in the treatment of patients with hereditary hypercholesterolemia]. 1459 81

Statin treatment and exercise training can improve lipid profile when administered separately. The efficacy of exercise and statin treatment combined, and its impact on myalgia and serum creatine kinase (CK) have not been completely addressed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of statin treatment and the addition of exercise training on lipid profile, including oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and levels of CK and alanine transaminase. Thirty-one hypercholesterolemic and physically inactive subjects were randomly assigned to rosuvastatin (R) or rosuvastatin/exercise (RE) group. A third group of physically active hypercholesterolemic subjects served as an active control group (AC). The R and RE groups received rosuvastatin treatment (10 mg/d) for 20 weeks. From week 10 to week 20, the RE group also participated in a combined endurance and resistive exercise training program (3 d/wk). Lipid profile was determined for all subjects at week 0 (Pre), week 10 (Mid), and week 20 (Post). The CK and alanine transaminase levels were measured at the same time points in the RE and R groups and 48 hours after the first and fifth exercise bout in the RE group. Each RE subject was formally queried about muscle fatigue, soreness, and stiffness before each training session. Total, LDL, and oxLDL cholesterol was lower in the RE and R groups at Mid and Post time points when compared with Pre. Oxidized LDL was lower in the RE group compared with the R group at the Post time point. When treatment groups (R and RE) were combined, high-density lipoprotein levels were increased and triglycerides decreased across time. Creatine kinase increased in the RE group 48 hours after the first exercise bout, but returned to baseline levels 48 hours after the fifth exercise bout. Rosuvastatin treatment decreased total, LDL, and oxLDL cholesterol. The addition of an exercise training program resulted in a further decrease in oxLDL. There was no abnormal sustained increase in CK or reports of myalgia after the addition of exercise training to rosuvastatin treatment.
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PMID:Adding exercise training to rosuvastatin treatment: influence on serum lipids and biomarkers of muscle and liver damage. 1941 Oct 87

Platelet activation that occur after tissue injury increases the expression of P-selectin. General anaesthesia and surgery may lead to peri-or post-operative hypercoagulability state that may lead to thrombotic complications, especially in high risk patients as diabetics. Administration of local anaesthesia was suggested to limit this hypercoagulability. The aim of this work was to evaluate the pre-, intra-and postoperative plasma levels of soluble P-selectin, as a predictor of thrombotic events, in diabetics receiving paravertebral block versus general anaesthesia during mastectomy operation for cancer breast. Forty type-2 diabetic females were included. They were randomly divided into two equal groups: group I received general anaesthesia and group II received thoracic paravertebral block. All females were subjected to preoperative thorough clinical examination, electrocardiography and laboratory investigations including complete blood picture, prothormbin activity, glycated hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma levels of glucose, creatinine, lipid profile and alanine aminotransferase activity. Creatine kinase (CK), total and CK-MB, activities were also done preoperatively and six hours postoperatively. Plasma soluble(s) P-selectin levels were estimated preoperatively, 15 minutes after skin incision and one hour postoperatively. The results revealed that the preoperative plasma P-selectin levels did not significantly differ in the two groups. Its intra-and postoperative levels showed significantly higher levels in both groups than those preoperative, but the increase in group II is significantly less than those in group I. In conclusion, in high risk patients as diabetics undergoing major surgery, the use of paravertebral block is preferable as a good and effective alternative to general anaesthesia, to reduce the possibility of occurrence of thrombotic complications.
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PMID:Pre-, intra- and post-operative plasma levels of soluble P-selectin in diabetics under thoracic paravertebral block versus general anaesthesia. 2205 9

The loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta, one of the seven species of threatened or endangered sea turtles worldwide, is one of the most commonly encountered marine turtles off the eastern coast of the United States and Gulf of Mexico. Although biochemical reference ranges have been evaluated for several species of sea turtles, tissue specificity of the commonly used plasma enzymes is lacking. This study evaluated the tissue specificity of eight enzymes, including amylase, lipase, creatine kinase (CK), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), in 30 tissues from five stranded loggerhead sea turtles with no evidence of infectious disease. Amylase and lipase showed the greatest tissue specificity, with activity found only in pancreatic samples. Creatine kinase had high levels present in skeletal and cardiac muscle, and moderate levels in central nervous system and gastrointestinal samples. Gamma-glutamyl transferase was found in kidney samples, but only in very low levels. Creatine kinase, ALP, AST, and LDH were found in all tissues evaluated and ALT was found in most, indicating low tissue specificity for these enzymes in the loggerhead.
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PMID:Tissue enzyme activities in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). 2350 4


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