Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The changes in the metabolic status of both testis and ovary of Chrysocoris stolli following the treatment with juvenile hormone analogue (JHa) and ecdysterone were studied. After the exogenous application of JHa in selective dose, total carbohydrate, glycogen, trehalose, cholesterol, ascorbic acid and inorganic phosphorus increased significantly whereas free fatty acid (FFA), phospholipid, total protein, RNA and DNA decreased significantly in comparison to control of both testis and ovary. Total lipid significantly decreased in testis and significantly increased in ovary after JHa injection. The activities of cellular enzymes like alkaline phosphatase, 5' nucleotidase, catalase and peroxidase significantly decreased while acid phosphatase and GPT significantly increased after the JHa application in comparison to control both in testis and ovary. Activities of GOT and general esterase significantly decreased in testis and increased in ovary after JHa application. The exogenous application of ecdysterone also brought about the similar kind of responses as was noticed in case of JHa treatment but these two treatments differed in some cases such as ecdysteroid that produced some results which were just the reverse of what was produced by JHa treatment. The results obtained here were explained in terms of mode of action of these two hormones.
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PMID:Biochemical changes in testis and ovary of Chrysocoris stolli Wolf. after the application of juvenoid and ecdysterone. 403 58

Activities of 12 enzymes (amylase, lipase, cholinesterase, nonspecific carboxyl esterase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase, glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and peroxidase) were determined in the perienteric fluid and homogenate of Ascaris suum. With the exception of amylase, all activities were higher in the homogenate than in the perienteric fluid. The enzyme activities in the perienteric fluid were then compared with those in the human serum. Comparable activities were demonstrated for LDH, LAP, lipase and alkaline phosphatase, markedly higher activities in perienteric fluid were demonstrated for MDH, GOT, GPT and amylase, and much lower for cholinesterase. No gamma-GT activity was detected in the perienteric fluid.
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PMID:Activities of some enzymes in the perienteric fluid of Ascaris suum. 619 63

The relationship between glutaraldehyde-treated polymeryzed human serum albumin (pHSA) and HBe antigen (HBeAg)-positive serum was examined by the use of a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The author succeeded in measuring the pHSA binding activity (pHSA-BA) of HB surface antigen (HBsAg) particles in the present ELISA method using horseradish peroxidase-labelled pHSA after fixation of HBsAg on an anti-HBs-coated well of polystyrene microplates. In HBeAg-positive group, the pHSA-BA of sera of 40 asymptomatic carriers and 2 chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) patients were higher than those of 8 chronic active hepatitis (CAH) (p less than 0.01) and 8 liver cirrhosis sera (p less than 0.05). On the contrary, in the anti-HBe-positive group the pHSA-BA of 17 asymptomatic carriers and 3 CPH sera were lower than those of 8 CAH (p less than 0.005) and 10 liver cirrhosis patient sera (p less than 0.005). In the both-negative group the pHSA-BA of 8 asymptomatic carrier and 3 CPH sera were also lower than that of 8 CAH (p less than 0.05). In acute exacerbation of HBsAg-positive CAH the pHSA-BA elevated one to two months before the peak of S-GPT level, being correlated with the DNA-polymerase activity. Because of its apparent reproducibility, it is concluded that low cost and some advantages may have clinical utility in the same setting as the HBeAg is now used.
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PMID:Detection of serum albumin receptor in hepatitis B virus carriers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 629 49

Treatment of rats with nifurtimox, a nitrofuran derivative widely used for the treatment of Chagas' disease, induced a time- and dose-dependent depletion of liver glutathione, maximal effects being obtained with 200 mg nifurtimox/kg body weight. Extra release of both oxidized (GSSG) and reduced (GSH) glutathione into bile contributed to this depletion. Glutathione excretion into bile accounted for only part of liver glutathione loss, thus indicating that, in addition to the GSH-peroxidase reaction (resulting in GSSG generation), other glutathione-related processes were involved in nifurtimox detoxification. Bile flow, bile salt excretion, liver lipid conjugated diene content, liver glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) activity were not affected by the nifurtimox treatment, thus ruling out widespread damage of the liver cell by nifurtimox. Nevertheless, the extra GSH release in the nifurtimox-treated rats may indicate an alteration of the hepatocyte membrane.
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PMID:Increased biliary secretion and loss of hepatic glutathione in rat liver after nifurtimox treatment. 684 98

Bacteriological tests on feces of patients with ulcerative-hemorrhagic colitis, in exacerbation, were carried out. The same patients were dynamically followed up as regards clinical picture and paraclinical indices, rectoromanoscopy include. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the fecal microflora was made according to the following indices: total number of mesophili aerobic microorganisms, coli-bacteria, proteus, enterococci, staphylococci, Salmonella-bacteria. The pure cultures isolated were tested according to 30 biochemical indices, their precise classification position being determined on that base. The production of the following enzymes was studied in the cultures isolated: protease, oxyreductase -- catalase and peroxidase, aminotransferase -- COT and GPT; phosphatase -- acid and alkaline, disaccharidase and urease. The data obtained from the bacteriological studies were compared with those of a control group of healthy subjects. Elevated enzyme constellation was found among the patients with exacerbated ulcerative-hemorrhagic colitis.
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PMID:[Intestinal bacterial microflora study in chronic ulcerohemorrhagic colitis]. 697 92

We developed an efficient enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for measurement of human liver-type arginase in serum. A conjugate of the Fab' fragment of anti-human liver (recombinant) arginase IgG and horseradish peroxidase was used as the second antibody. This assay is highly specific, sensitive, and reproducible, enabling us to detect arginase at concentrations as low as several micrograms per liter without any prior processing of serum. The reaction is linear up to 200 micrograms/L. The arginase concentration in serum, as determined by this method, increased markedly and temporarily at the time of surgical operation or later injury to the liver. The increase was accompanied or followed by increases in serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, suggesting that the arginase emerged from damaged hepatocytes. In view of a limited tissue distribution of liver-type arginase, our ELISA system may be useful in diagnosis of various hepatic disorders as well as follow-up of postoperative conditions of patients.
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PMID:Enzyme immunoassay of liver-type arginase and its potential clinical application. 838 7

The present study was designed to examine the in vivo effect of ebselen on reperfusion injury to the liver. Lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) levels of the reperfused liver tissue, as well as hepatocellular damage (serum GOT, GPT, LDH, and histology) were examined. The production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance did not increase in the 60-min-reperfused liver tissue in the ebselen group. Ebselen completely suppressed the increase in lipid hydroperoxide production in the reperfused liver tissue. After the tissue GSH level was reduced by buthionine sulphoximine, ebselen failed to suppress the lipid peroxidation of the reperfused liver tissue. Serum levels of GOT, GPT, and LDH, histological analysis, and the tissue level of GSH clearly showed that ebselen protects the reperfused liver tissue, both structurally and functionally. We conclude that ebselen's primary effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury may be due to a GSH-peroxidase-like effect and/or the inhibitory effect of leukocyte infiltration.
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PMID:Ebselen, a novel anti-oxidant compound, protects the rat liver from ischemia-reperfusion injury. 908 92

The phenotypes of infiltrating lymphocytes in liver with chronic hepatitis C, including changes associated with interferon (IFN) treatment, were characterized. Specimens obtained from 22 patients treated with IFN were examined using avidin-biotin-peroxidase immunohistochemistry. In areas of lobular and periportal inflammation, most lymphocytes were CD8+ T cells of the CD45RO+ (memory) subset. The centres of lymphoid follicles were occupied by CD20+ B cells and a few CD4+ T cells which were CD45RA+ (naive subset). Follicular centres were surrounded mainly with CD4+ T cells. CD8+ T cells, mostly CD45RO+, were scattered through the mantle zones of follicles and extended around them. No significant changes in CD45RA+ lobular infiltrates accompanied IFN treatment. On the other hand, the number of CD45RO+ lobular infiltrates decreased after IFN treatment in complete responders (P < 0.01). Moreover, there were significant correlations between CD45RO+ cell counts and serum alanine aminotransferase concentrations, CD45RO+ cell counts and the liver histologic grade and CD45RO+ cell counts and CD8+ cell counts. These results suggest that CD8+ memory T cells participate in hepatocyte injury in chronic hepatitis C, and that a decrease of CD8+ memory T cells correlates with the decreased liver inflammation with IFN treatment.
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PMID:Naive and memory T cell infiltrates in chronic hepatitis C: phenotypic changes with interferon treatment. 921 25

Prevention of cellular damage after warm ischemia is of major importance in liver transplantation. In this study, we determined the extent to which lipid peroxides contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatic cell damage induced by transient warm ischemia with subsequent reperfusion. In addition, the function and immunohistochemical features of glutathione peroxidase, a potent physiological lipid peroxide scavenger of the liver, was assessed. Reperfusion following 15 or 30 minutes of warm ischemia resulted in a significant elevation in serum and liver lipid peroxidase (LPO) levels. In addition, necrosis of the hepatic periportal area accompanied with remarkable rises in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were observed. In contrast, 30 min of ischemia without reperfusion caused minimal hepatocellular damage. The adverse changes after ischemia/reperfusion were minimized by pretreatment with superoxide dismutase (SOD). These results indicate that increased lipid peroxidation by production of radicals after reperfusion caused the liver cell damage. After ischemia/reperfusion, liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PO) activity was significantly decreased and its location altered in the damaged liver. These findings suggest that GSH-PO contributes significantly to the protection against hepatic reperfusion injuries.
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PMID:Alterations in glutathione peroxidase activity following reperfusion injury to rat liver. 960 29

A continuous spectrophotometric assay for determining low levels of L-glutamate is described. The assay, which involves the enzymes L-glutamate oxidase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, is based on the recycling of L-glutamate into alpha-ketoglutarate, with the concomitant appearance of one molecule of hydrogen peroxide in each turn of the cycle. This is subsequently reduced by means of a peroxidase-coupled reaction, using 2, 2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) as substrate. In this way the interference observed in the cyclic assay using glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, which is due to the fact that L-aspartate is also a substrate of L-glutamate oxidase, is eliminated. A kinetic study of the system is presented, with the accumulation of chromophore being seen to undergo a transient phase, which is dependent both on the cycling rate and on the auxiliary enzyme concentration. The kinetic parameters characterizing the system have been determined, making it possible to optimize costs with respect to the enzymes involved in the cycle, since the minimum amount needed for a given rate constant of the cycle can be calculated.
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PMID:A continuous spectrophotometric method based on enzymatic cycling for determining L-glutamate. 961 6


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