Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The serum hormone (T3, FT3, T4, FT4, TSH, hTG, a-hTG, GH, PTH, PRL, Cortisol) concentrations, the inorganic phosphate complexes (HPO2-4, H2PO-4, NaHPO-4, KHPO-4, CaHPO4, MgHPO4) and the enzyme activities (Amylase, Lipase, AP, ACE, GOT, GPT, psi-ChE, CK, gamma-GT, LDH) were investigated in 13 haemodialysed children, 7 kidney-transplanted children and in 15 healthy controls. This study confirmed that the kidney plays an important role in the metabolism of hormones. Prior to kidney transplantation 8 of the 11 tested hormone levels of haemodialysed children significantly differed from those of healthy controls, however, after kidney transplantation only two parameters did. The effect of dialysis is the least on the CaHPO4 complex among the different inorganic phosphate complexes. This may play a role in vascular calcification in chronic renal failure patients. The amylase and lipase activity were elevated in haemodialysed group, while in kidney-transplanted children the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) differed from those of the control group.
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PMID:The serum hormone levels, phosphate complex concentrations and enzyme activities in haemodialysed and kidney-transplanted children. 169 May 69

According to the clinical findings, the activity of serum asparate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) and the level of total bilirubin, 45 children with acute viral hepatitis A were divided into two groups: with mild and moderately severe degree of disease. By determining the products of the peripheral thyroxine metabolism-T3 and rT3, as well as the other thyroid parameters (T4, FT4, TSH and TBG) we have found significantly lower T3 level and significantly higher T4 and TBG levels in both groups of patients in comparison with control group. At the same time, the level of biologically less active rT3 was increased in patients with moderately severe form of disease, while no differences were found in the values of TSH between the ill and control patients. TRH induced TSH release was normal in all patients. The results of this study point to the development of euthyroid sick syndrome or low T3 syndrome in children with viral hepatitis A.
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PMID:Euthyroid sick syndrome in children with acute viral hepatitis A. 186 90

42 children with different kinds of hypothyroidism, who had been treated with thyroid hormones during several years, were thoroughly follow-up examined in 1988. Apart from few exceptions, patients in therapy attained standard data in length. Concerning skeleton maturation, clear differences between boys and girls were found. While male patients, with one exception, showed a retardation of bone-age, in females both, retardation and acceleration of bone-development were found. Serum concentration of FT4 and FT3 were chosen as hormonal parameter, and TSH was taken basal and after stimulation with TRH. Normal FT4 levels were found in 29 patients. In 5 children FT4 was significantly lower, in 8 cases an elevation of this serum-parameter was observed. Measurement of serum FT3 in 27 patients showed normal levels in 18 children. In 4 cases low and in 5 elevated FT4 levels were found. 29 patients had basal TSH concentrations within normal range, in 13 the estimated levels were elevated. TRH-stimulation carried out on 40 children showed normal serum TSH response for 13 of them. In 14 children an exaggerated TSH response to TRH occur, in 13 TSH still remain low after stimulation with TRH. Serum-GOT, -GPT, -Gamma GT and -CK were determined as encymic parameters. In 5 patients a typical hypothyroidism-associated GOT- and CK-elevation was found. 3 children showed an isolated rise of GOT-, 8 an isolated CK-elevation.
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PMID:[Disorders of thyroid gland function--hypothyroidism in childhood. An ambulatory follow-up study]. 194 69

In order to investigate the objective index of the type of differentiation of symptoms and signs between chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, the levels of serum Tes, ALD, HCT, INS, GR, gastrin, T3, T4, TSH were tested in the chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of 27 cases of sthenia-syndrome and 61 cases of asthenia-syndrome. Meanwhile, 30 cases of healthy people were taken as the control. The results indicated that the levels of serum Tes, T3, T4, gastrin in the group of asthenia-syndrome (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.05). The levels of serum T4 and gastrin were increased in the group of sthenia-syndrome than in the groups of asthenia-syndrome and control (P less than 0.01). The levels of serum ALT, HCT, INS, and GR were significantly different between the group of asthenia-syndrome and that of sthenia-syndrome. This suggests that clinic symptoms were concerned with the level of serum endocrine on chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, such as the function of genital, thyroid, adrenal gland and pancrease. The observation of the levels of serum Tes, T3, T4, ALT, INS, GR and gastrin may be an objective index to differentiate the chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Relation between chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in the type of differentiation of symptoms and signs and endocrine hormone]. 206 92

Thyroid function tests were evaluated in 34 patients with acute viral hepatitis (AVH) and in 38 healthy controls (C). As expected, AVH patients displayed a significant increase in T4, rT3 and TBG serum levels with respect to C, while FT4 and TSH concentrations were similar. A positive correlation between TBG and T4 was evident in C, but not in AVH. In this group there was, instead, an inverse correlation between the sum of serum levels of GOT + GPT and T4 concentrations. When AVH patients were divided in "high necrosis" (HN, serum GOT + GPT greater than 2000 UI/l) and "low necrosis" (LN, serum GOT + GPT less than 2000 UI/ml) groups, we found a significant reduction in both T4 and T3 serum concentrations in HN with respect to LN, despite similar levels of TBG, albumin, FT4 and TSH. The hypothesis that thyroid-hormone binding inhibitors (THBI), released during severe liver cell injury, accounted for an impaired serum binding capacity in HN-AVH, was confirmed by the significant increase in FT4/T4 ratio and by the demonstration of THBI activity in pooled sera of these patients, with respect to LN subgroup. Our present finding may clarify the unexplained observation of reduced T4 levels in patients with fulminant hepatitis and the ominous prognostic significance of a "low T4 syndrome" in subjects with severe liver disease and/or other systemic illnesses.
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PMID:Thyroid function tests in acute viral hepatitis: relative reduction in serum thyroxine levels due to T4-TBG binding inhibitors in patients with severe liver cell necrosis. 249 20

The serum levels of a range of analytes known to change with thyroid status were measured in two groups of patients with primary hypothyroidism commencing T4 replacement therapy. One group (group 1; n = 9) had spontaneous hypothyroidism whilst in the second (group 2; n = 10), hypothyroidism had resulted from radioiodine therapy. The replacement dose was increased in 50 micrograms increments each month to 200 micrograms/day; this produced similar serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and TSH in the two groups at each dose. Dose-dependent increases in glutathione S-transferase (GST) were seen in both groups but changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities occurred only in group 1 patients. Group 1 patients had significantly higher levels of GST than group 2 at the 150 micrograms (P less than 0.01) and the 200 micrograms (P less than 0.005) doses of T4, and they had higher activities of ALT (P less than 0.01) and GGT (P less than 0.02) at the 200 micrograms dose. Seven patients in group 1 had abnormalities in GST and four had high levels of ALT, whereas three patients from group 2 had high GST concentrations and all had ALT activities within reference limits. The concentrations of the other analytes measured in serum showed the same response to T4 in the two groups, particularly the concentrations of certain transport proteins whose serum concentrations depend on hepatic protein synthesis. These data suggest that patients with spontaneous primary hypothyroidism are more susceptible to hepatocellular damage than patients who have radioiodine-induced primary hypothyroidism when given oral doses of thyroxine greater than 150 micrograms/day.
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PMID:Different hepatic responses to thyroxine replacement in spontaneous and 131I-induced primary hypothyroidism. 233 10

This study was undertaken to compare the sensitivity of the thyrotrophs to that of other tissues to T4 treatment in hypothyroid patients. To do so, we measured serum total and free thyroid hormones and TSH, in addition to several serum markers of peripheral tissue response to thyroid status, in 21 hypothyroid patients treated with 50-micrograms increments of T4 to a maximum of 200 micrograms daily (group I) and in 104 clinically euthyroid patients receiving a long term constant replacement dose (group II). In group I patients, dose-dependent increases (P less than 0.05) in serum glutathione S-transferase, sex hormone-binding globulin, and angiotensin-converting enzyme occurred, whereas serum T4-binding globulin, creatine kinase, and creatinine levels decreased (P less than 0.05). In both patient groups, abnormally high levels of glutathione S-transferase, sex hormone-binding globulin, angiotensin-converting enzyme, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase were found in some patients during treatment. One or more of these biochemical abnormalities suggestive of hyperthyroidism occurred in 15 (71%) group I patients and 27 (26%) group II patients. These were associated with an undetectable serum TSH (less than 0.1 microU/ml) and raised free T4 concentrations in 13, and raised free T3, T4, and T3 concentrations in only 8, 6, and 1 group I patients, respectively. In group II patients, they were more closely associated with an undetectable TSH (67%) or raised free T4 (85%) level than with raised concentrations of free T3 (33%), T4 (26%), or T3 (0%). The use of high sensitivity TSH assays will permit more accurate adjustment of T4 replacement and minimize abnormalities in peripheral tissue biochemistry indicative of overtreatment.
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PMID:Relationship between pituitary and other target organ responsiveness in hypothyroid patients receiving thyroxine replacement. 379 54

The aim of our study was to evaluate the hormonal profile in a group of 31 subjects who underwent recombinant interferon-alpha therapy for chronic active hepatitis C. Hormonal determinations were performed before treatment began and at the end of the 3rd and 6th months of therapy. Free-T4 concentrations, though remaining in the normal range, showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) after 3 and 6 months of therapy compared with pretreatment levels. A lesser decrease in free-T3 levels was also seen. TSH basal values did not show any variation, while an increased secretory response to TRH stimulation was observed at the end of the 6th month. Thyroglobulin and calcitonin levels remained normal, while an increase in antithyroglobulin and antithyreoperoxidase antibody levels was observed in 4 patients (12.9%). No modifications in the other pituitary hormones or in adrenal and sex steroid concentrations were noticed. A significant increase in IGF-I concentrations (p < 0.05) was observed during treatment, and an inverse correlation was seen between IGF-I and alanine aminotransferase levels (p < 0.01). This study supports the view that interferon treatment can influence thyroid function. The increase in IGF-I concentration observed during therapy may reflect an improvement in patients with hepatic disease, but a direct stimulatory effect of interferon on IGF-I secretion cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Endocrine evaluation in patients treated with interferon-alpha for chronic hepatitis C. 759 Jun 39

An 87-year-old woman, who had been suffering from hypothyroidism and had been treated as an outpatient at our department since 1982, noticed left cervical swelling toward the end of November 1992. Because ultrasonic examination revealed a mass in her thyroid gland, she was admitted for a closer examination and additional treatment. Biopsy of thyroid gland revealed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL; the diffuse small cell type, B-cell origin). A part from the swelling of thyroid gland and the left cervical lymph node, performance of various examinations did not detected any other NHL lesions. Therefore, it was classified as stage II NHL according to the Ann Arbor classification. Laboratory data on admission were as follows; WBC 4,400/microliters, Hb 13.6 g/dl, platelet count 10.1 x 10(4)/microliters, GOT 51 IU/l, GPT 31 IU/l, TSH 1.17, free-T4 1.03, free-T3 2.04, and microsome test 1,600 x. Those data indicated marked hypothyroidism. In addition, stage IIa and IIc gastric cancers were detected by the examination with gastric endoscopy performed for stage classification. Both were adenocarcinomas. Because polyps were found in her sigmoid colon with colonoscopy, polypectomy was performed. The polyps were diagnose histologically as moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. On July 20, COP-BLAM therapy was started (CPM 600 mg div, VCR 1.2 mg iv, ADR 30 mg iv on day 1, PDN 40 mg p.o and PCZ 100 mg p.o. on days 1-10, BLM 7.5 mg div on day 14). Subsequently, the left cervical lymph node swelling disappeared, and shrinkage of the mass in the thyroid gland was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of elderly Hashimoto disease presenting malignant lymphoma, gastric cancer and colon cancer]. 829 59

The effect of dexfenfluramine, the new serotoninergic appetite suppressor, was tested in 20 women. The drug was administered 3 months, 15 mg twice a day. A selected reduction of carbohydrate and of fat intake was observed. The body weight decreased mainly due to fat loss in the abdominal region. An important decrease of blood lipids was recorded, while insulinemia and OGTT remained unchanged. Serum alkaline phosphatase increased and ALT decreased. Other liver tests did not change. During the treatment the level of cortisol, TSH, T3 and 17-ketosteroids were not affected. T4 decreased and GH increased. These metabolic and hormonal effects were discussed. The treatment with dexfenfluramine was well tolerated and was found to have several favourable effects.
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PMID:Somatometric and hormonal effects of dexfenfluramine. 871 72


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