Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To assess the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the pregnant women in Taiwan, we investigated two groups of pregnant women, 944 women without serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) screening (group A) and 197 women with abnormal ALT (greater than 45 IU/L) (group B). They were checked for anti-HCV (anti-C100-3) with HCV EIA kit (Abbott Lab., North Chicago, IL). The results showed that 21 (2.2%) in group A and 5 (2.5%) in group B were anti-HCV-positive. However, 15 out of 21 in group A had an optical density (O.D.) of anti-HCV less than 1.0, were negative by recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA), and were regarded as false-positive. Nine infants delivered by those 11 cases were negative for anti-HCV at 6 months of age, while none of the 8 husbands were anti-HCV-positive. It is concluded that the prevalence of anti-HCV in pregnant women in Taiwan is low (6/944, 0.63%), even in the cases with abnormal ALT (5/197, 2.5%). There was no serologic evidence for perinatal transmission or spouse infection.
J Med Virol 1991 Dec
PMID:Low prevalence of hepatitis C virus and infrequent perinatal or spouse infections in pregnant women in Taiwan. 172 82

Several diagnostic hepatitis C assays have been developed for the detection of antibodies to different antigens of the virus. This virus is the major cause of non-A, non-B hepatitis. Seventy-nine patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis and/or hemofiltration were tested for the presence of anti-HCV antibodies (anti-C-100-3 antibodies and anti-core antibodies), anti-hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc), and aminotransferases (ALT). Seven patients were positive by one or more of the anti-HCV enzyme linked immunoassays (EIAs), while HCV-RNA was detectable in only four patients. These four patients had at least one, but not necessarily the same, positive anti-HCV EIA. HCV-RNA was not detected in patients who had no antibodies as determined by all six anti-HCV EIAs. All patients with a marker for HCV infection had persistent normal levels of transaminases. Three patients had elevated ALT values without a marker for HCV infection and suffered from hepatitis B virus infection. Anti-HBc was detected in 27/72 patients without any marker and in four patients with a marker of HCV infection. However, HCV-RNA was detectable in only one of these four anti-HBc positive patients. It is concluded that surrogate markers (anti-HBc and serum transaminases) are not useful for identification of HCV carriers in chronic hemodialysis patients.
J Med Virol 1991 Dec
PMID:Surrogate markers are not useful for identification of HCV carriers in chronic hemodialysis patients. 172 86

Blood donor screening for hepatitis B core antibody and elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase level, surrogate markers of hepatitis C/non-A, non-B (NANB) infection, was implemented in 1986. Reported cases of posttransfusion hepatitis (PTH) from 1985 to 1988 were reviewed to ascertain the effect of surrogate testing on the number and character of cases and to compare any changes with those in the incidence of hepatitis in the general population. The reports of all PTH, NANB PTH, and type B PTH decreased 61.5%, 75.4%, and 84.5%, respectively. The rates of reported cases of NANB hepatitis and hepatitis B in the general community also fell during the period of review. The decrease in PTH and background hepatitis was similar between 1985 and 1986. In 1987, the first complete year of surrogate testing, the incidence of PTH decreased at a greater rate, to levels 50% below what would have been projected on the basis of background changes alone for NANB PTH, and to 35% below projected for type B PTH. There appears to have been a substantial decrease in the risk of both type B PTH and NANB PTH in the northeastern United States between 1985 and 1988 due to a combined effect of donor surrogate testing and a decrease in the background rates of hepatitis in the donor population.
Arch Intern Med 1991 Dec
PMID:Decrease in reported posttransfusion hepatitis. Contributions of donor screening for alanine aminotransferase and antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen and changes in the general population. 174 1

We analyzed the pre-C and core region of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA by a polymerase chain reaction in 22 chronic carriers. In 9 hepatitis B e antigen-positive asymptomatic carriers, a single DNA band was detected at the expected size, whereas additional shorter DNA bands were observed in 7 out of 11 patients with chronic hepatitis. The smaller-sized DNAs from one chronic hepatitis patient had various lengths of deletions spanning from 105 to 183 bp in the middle of the core gene, and all deletions included common nucleotide sequences. All of the smaller-sized DNAs from the other patients proved to be variant core genes. They were deleted in similar regions by Southern analysis using oligonucleotide probes. A follow-up study revealed that four out of seven chronic hepatitis patients with a short core gene seroconverted to antibody to hepatitis B e antigen, but those with only a "wild type" did not. In another set of sequence studies, clones isolated from two chronic carriers displayed heterogeneity of the pre-C and core gene which was more often present in sera with normal alanine aminotransferase levels than with abnormal levels. These results suggest that mutant HBV alters the host immune response, and may modulate the clinical course of HBV infection. An alternative possibility is that chronic hepatitis selects for mutant forms.
J Clin Invest 1991 Dec
PMID:Detection of pre-C and core region mutants of hepatitis B virus in chronic hepatitis B virus carriers. 175 41

Seventeen patients with chronic hepatitis B were treated with a 4-week administration of glycyrrhizin followed by a 4-week treatment with human lymphoblastoid interferon, then followed for 6 months after the end of treatment. All were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and hepatitis B virus-associated DNA polymerase (DNA-p) for at least 6 months before entry. All patients were Japanese and none of them were homosexuals. Eleven patients lost DNA-p activity and 10 of them lost HBeAg. Three of these 10 patients had antibody to HBeAg. In 10 patients who became HBeAg-negative, alanine aminotransferase levels after glycyrrhizin administration were higher and initial DNA-p activities relatively lower than the levels found in seven patients who remained HBeAg-positive. The immunomodulator provided by a short course of glycyrrhizin before administration of human lymphoblastoid interferon may be an effective treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Gastroenterol Jpn 1991 Dec
PMID:Glycyrrhizin withdrawal followed by human lymphoblastoid interferon in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. 176 47

To investigate the role of neutrophils (PMNs) and PMN-dependent adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of liver injury in a model of endotoxin shock, male ICR mice received a dose of 700 mg/kg galactosamine and 100 micrograms/kg Salmonella abortus equi endotoxin. PMNs accumulated continuously in the liver, reaching values of 446 +/- 71 PMNs/50 high-power fields at 9 h (basal value 18 +/- 7). Plasma alanine aminotransferase activities as index of parenchymal cell injury did not change up to 5 h posttreatment (basal value 35 +/- 5 U/l) but increased to 1,950 +/- 460 U/l at 9 h. The formation of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in plasma as an index of an extracellular oxidant stress also increased only at 9 h. Pretreatment of animals with monoclonal antibodies against the CD11b and CD18 subunits of the CD11/CD18 integrin family on the surface of the PMN reduced the number of PMNs in the liver by 50% and significantly attenuated liver injury and GSSG formation. An anti-CD11a and a nonbinding control antibody were ineffective. It is concluded that PMNs are actively involved in the pathogenesis of galactosamine and endotoxin shock and that at least in part the accumulation of PMNs, the subsequent oxidant stress, and the tissue injury in this model of experimental hepatitis are CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) dependent.
Am J Physiol 1991 Dec
PMID:Neutrophil-induced liver cell injury in endotoxin shock is a CD11b/CD18-dependent mechanism. 176 46

Three dogs which ingested part of the stem of a Japanese cycad (Cycas revoluta) vomited repeatedly within hours after ingestion, showed marked depression, severely congested mucous membranes, increased thirst and profuse salivation. Subsequent hematological and blood chemical investigation revealed elevated serum concentrations of alanine transaminase, an initial mild lymphocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and a leucocytosis. The dogs recovered uneventfully.
J S Afr Vet Assoc 1991 Dec
PMID:Suspected cycad (Cycas revoluta) intoxication in dogs. 177 Apr 98

Total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl, and ketamine (FK) was administered to 56 pediatric surgical patients ranging in ages from 5 to 15 years to evaluate their hemodynamics during anesthesia, post-operative hepatic as well as renal functions, and post-operative sedation as well as analgesia. These data were compared with those of the patients who underwent almost the same surgical procedures under enflurane-N2O anesthesia. The post-operative s-GOT, s-GPT, BUN, creatinine levels were not elevated significantly as compared with pre-operative levels in the FK group. As compared with those patients who received enflurane anesthesia, the blood pressure in the FK groups was higher by 15-30 mmHg, but it was stable during anesthesia without any complications. Their post-operative sedation and analgesia were better in the FK group than in the enflurane group and the complications such as nausea and vomiting were observed less frequently in the FK patients than in the patients who received anesthesia with ketamine alone reported in literatures. The data described above suggest that this method of anesthesia deserves further detailed clinical trials for pediatric patients.
Masui 1991 Dec
PMID:[Clinical study on total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine--13. Application for pediatric patients]. 177 May 77

Twenty adult male rats per group in 4 treatment groups were injected intraperitoneally at 08.00 hours with 0.1 ml of an aqueous cotton seed extract (Gossypium barbadense Linn.) (Malvaceae) in concentrations of (a) 105.25, (b) 21.21, (c) 4.65, (d) 2.325 mg ml-1 (kg body weight)-1, respectively. A fifth group (control) was given 0.1 ml of pyrogen free distilled water per rat. Five rats per treatment group were sacrificed at 2, 8, 24 and 168 hours respectively after treatment. Plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) showed no change. Plasma testosterone was lower (p less than 0.05) than that of control at 2 and 8 hours, with recovery by 168 hours post treatment. Plasma creatinine was raised by 2 hours, with recovery by 8 hours. Plasma urea rose gradually but persistently to a maximum of 168 hours. Plasma aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) transaminases were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than that of controls throughout the study. Testicular histology showed early germ cell disorganization followed by progressive fibrosis (sperm cytoskeleton) by 24 hours. There was evidence of recovery by 168 hours. It is concluded that aqueous extract of cotton seed meal contains substances that can rapidly cause damage to testicular, liver, kidney and muscular tissues.
Adv Contracept 1991 Dec
PMID:Effects of an aqueous extract of cotton seed (Gossypium barbadense Linn.) on adult male rats. 177 60

Fibrin glue is a topical biological adhesive, the effect of which imitates the final stages of coagulation. The glue consists of a solution of concentrated human fibrinogen which is activated by the addition of bovine thrombin and calcium chloride. The resultant clot aids haemostasis and tissue sealing and is completely absorbed during wound healing without foreign body reaction or extensive fibrosis. The fibrinogen component of fibrin glue can be produced from fresh frozen plasma obtained from single unit donations thereby reducing the risks of transfusion transmitted infections encountered by exposure to pools from large numbers of donors. Methods involving precipitation of fibrinogen by cryoprecipitation, polyethylene glycol or ammonium sulphate have been described and evaluated. The risk of transmission of infection can be further reduced by using plasma from 'accredited donors' who are plasma donors regularly tested for ALT and markers of viral infection or by use of fibrinogen prepared in advance of surgery from autologous blood. The second component, a mixture of thrombin and CaCl2, is quantitatively and qualitatively well defined and commercially available (Armour Pharmaceutical Co., Thrombinar (bovine thrombin]. Thrombin is applied to the operation site simultaneously and in equal volume to the fibrinogen but from a separate syringe. In the UK a commercial heat treated fibrin glue prepared from pooled plasma is available on a doctor/named patient basis (Tisseel, Immuno, Vienna). The haemostatic and adhesive properties of fibrin glue can be employed in virtually every surgical specialty. The usefulness of the glue is particularly well documented in the fields of cardiovascular surgery, ENT and neurosurgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Blood Rev 1991 Dec
PMID:Fibrin glue. 178 83


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