Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven healthy men volunteers received 6.6 +/- 1.3 (SD) percent-hours of halothane oxygen anesthesia without surgery. Serum bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase significantly increased after anesthesia, which may indicate subclinical liver-cell damage. Creatine kinase of skeletal muscle origin increased above 90 U/liter in six subjects, indicating subclinical muscle-cell damage. Cortisol, triiodothyronine uptake, thyroxine, and free thyroxine index increased significantly immediately after anesthesia. Serum bromide concentrations had increased by fivefold on the second day after anesthesia, and on the ninth day was still elevated fourfold. Oral temperatures increased 0.7 degrees C 6 h post-anesthesia, possibly because of increased thyroxine activity. Lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities did not change significantly. No drugs administered during the course of this study chemically interfered with any of the test methods used.
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PMID:Effect of halothane anesthesia on muscle, liver, thyroid, and adrenal-function tests in man. 0 91

In the nerve tissue with proliferating macroglia cells were observed a lowered oxygen consumption, an increased aerobic glycolysis and alanine formation and a higher alanine aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase activity than in the control tissue in the homogenates and in the cell sap fraction. The substrate saturation curves, apparent Km and pH optimum values in the tissue with proliferating macroglia and in the control did not differ from one another. The authors assume that a higher alanine aminotransferase activity in the tissue with macroglia proliferation can reflect either a higher synthesis of the enzyme in the altered tissue, or a predominance of glial elements in the altered tissue possessing a higher alanine aminotransferase activity than the nerve cells.
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PMID:Alanine formation and alanine aminotransferase activity in the nerve tissue with proliferating macroglia. 0 40

The content of free amino acids, activity of aspartate and alanine transaminase, number of sulphydryl groups in fish tissues were studied as affected by lethal amounts (3.2 g/l) of blue-green algae. Blue-green algae have a certain affect on fishes not only by excreting biologically active substances in the process of vital activity and decay but also changing the gas regime of the medium (the oxygen content lowers, the amount of carbon dioxide increases). Under the algae effect the total content of free amino acids in the fish liver, intestine and muscles increases, mainly due to a rise in the content of glutamic acid with threonine and aspartic acid with serine. These changes are most essential in the liver, intestine and are less pronounced in the muscles. Under the effect of blue-green algae the activity of aspartate transaminase increases in the heart, brain and decreases in the intestine. The activity of alanine transaminase enhances in the heart, intestine and brain. The ration value for these enzymes changes significantly in the brain, liver, intestine, but does not differ from the control in the muscles.
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PMID:[Amino acid composition and transaminase activity in fish tissues, in a medium containing Cyanophyceae]. 10 39

Enzymatic activities were determined in the prosencephalon of rats which had been exposed repeatedly for 8 hrs, either from the age of 1 to 17 days or in adulthood, to an altitude of 7,000 m in a barometric chamber (up to a total of 104 hrs). The activity of enzymes was assayed 20 hrs after the last exposure. The results were compared with values obtained 20 hrs after a single 8-hour exposure to a stimulated altitude of 7,000 m in 17-day-old and adult rats. In young rats a single exposure to hypoxia, the most elevated was the activity of LDH and isoCDH, while GPT and CPK were decreased. After repeated hypoxia, the most significant increasw was noted in the activity of PK and again a decrease in GPT and CPK. In adulthood, a single exposure to hypoxia causes the greatest increase in CPK, while LDH and GOT are reduced. Following repeated hypoxia, none of the enzyme activities were increased by more than 20%, while LDH, GOT, GIDH and CPK were again lower. It is concluded from these results that a single exposure to hypoxia increases anaerobic glycolysis in the immature nervous tissue and improves its oxygen utilization. The relationship between glycid and amino acid metabolism are not appreciably altered. On the other hand, a general reduction of bioenergetics and biosynthesis occurs in adulthood. Repeated hypoxia, on the contrary, has similar after-effects in both age groups, namely inhibition of aerobic metabolism and of the relations between glycid and amino acid metabolism.
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PMID:Effect of long-term hypoxia upon the activity of some enzymes in the brain of rats during early postnatal ontogenesis and in adulthood. 13 31

Investigations were performed with the aim of establishing the influence of various environmental conditions (such as steady field conditions, climatized laboratories, Faraday's cage) on a number of enzymic activities in the rat (including glutamic oxaloacetic tic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, acid phosphatase), as well as the serum concentrations of triglycerides, the oxygen consumption of hepatic parenchyma cells, and the influence on the incorporation of 3H-thymidine (following partial hepatectomy). In the steady field, the activities of the cytoplasmic enzymes (GOT, GPT, LDH) were higher then under Faraday conditions. The same applies both to the hepatic oxygen consumption and to the neutral fat serum levels. The control values always remained within the range of the results obtained under steady field or Faraday conditions. In the structure-linked enzymes (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, acid phosphatase) the results were not uniform. Following partial hepatectomy, and under steady field conditions, the serum triglyceride concentrations showed a less pronounced drop than they did in the controls. Under selected environmental conditions, the results obtained lie within the physiological range. The present findings, therefore, do not permit definite conclusions to be drawn on favourable or unfavourable effects exerted by the different types of electroclimates.
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PMID:[Metabolism of rat liver in the electrostatic field and in the faraday cage before and after hepatectomy (author's transl)]. 24 66

A prospective study of liver enzymes and other measurements following repeat administrations of halothane or enflurane was carried out in patients undergoing minor urological operations. The patient populations were similar with respect to frequency of factors which might influence liver function, social habits, drug therapy and time intervals between administrations. Sixty-three received two or more administrations of halothane and 66 received two or more administrations of enflurane, both drugs given with nitrous oxide in oxygen. There was a greater frequency of increased enzymatic activity following repeat administrations of halothane than following enflurane and the average alanine aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase concentrations were increased to a greater degree following halothane than enflurane. There was no change in the eosinophil count and no significant postoperative morbidity. Change in alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase occured more frequently in obese patients receiving halothane.
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PMID:A prospective study of liver enzyme and other changes following repeat administration of halothane and enflurane. 52 79

In 43 newborn, the enzyme activities of LDH, GOT, GLDH, and GPT in the umbilical cord blood, as well as 24 hours post partum was measured. Two groups were formed: 1. Newborn without decelerations during the course of parturition, and 2. Newborn with decelerations in the cardiotocogram. The oxygen partial pressure and the acid-base status in the umbilical cord blood, did not differ significantly in both groups. LDH, GOT and GLDH activities were significantly higher 24 hours post partum in the group of newborn with decelerations, than in the control group. The increase in GLDH by 75% was particularly remarkable. This GLDH increase seems to suggest an increased incidence of liver cell necroses, which must be interpreted as a result of the hypoxic conditions sub partu. A significant correlation between the magnitude of the deceleration areas and the extent of GLDH activities can be established. The correlation between duration of parturition and GLDH activity is likewise significant.
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PMID:[Enzyme values in the serum of newborn blood in relation to the course of parturition (author's transl)]. 64 66

Clinical application of the extracorporeal liver perfusion has been rather limited mainly because of cumbersome procedure, not infrequent circulatory insufficiency due to large priming volume, and bleeding tendency due to hepatic insufficiency itself and heparinization, which are inherent with most of the currently available systems. A circuit was developed which employs siliconized tubings to eliminate heparinization. The liver is gravity perfused added with arterial pressure by utilizing A-V type blood access, thus eliminating the blood pump and oxygenator. A heat exchanger is eliminated by placing the liver in a moist liver chamber kept at 30 degrees C. Feasibility of the circuit was confirmed by 5 in vivo runs with healthy mongrel dogs who tolerated the procedure well. This circuit was further evaluated in dogs with acute hepatic failure induced by portacaval anastomosis and subsequent ligation of the proper hepatic artery 48 hours later. They were connected to the circuit when convulsion developed. Along with clinical observation, biochemical analysis were performed for samples obtained at the inlet (In-blood) and the outlet (Out-blood) of the liver chamber. Oxygen consumption with carbon dioxide production by the liver was confirmed in previous control experiment. Although temporarily, all animals showed recovery from convulsion. Ammonia level was invariably lower in Out-blood than in In-blood by approximately 70 gamma/dl. Blood sugar level was always higher in Out-blood by 40-70 mg/dl than in In-blood. Other parameters such as bilirubin, total protein, GOT and GPT levels were not significantly different. Technical feasibility and acceptable performance of the system were established in this study and its clinical evaluation is warranted.
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PMID:[Experimental studies on extracorporeal liver perfusion.--Development and evaluation of an improved circuit (author's transl)]. 73 Jan 6

Isolated rat livers were perfused for 6 hours by different types of cell-free synthetic media. Some of the media included perfluoro-compounds as an oxygen carrier. The value of the perfusion medium as blood substitute was judged on the basis of observations and measurements of a number of parameters. These were: secretion of bile, fluid pressure in the portal vein, the level of GPT (ALAT) transaminase, urea nitrogen, and glucose in the perfusate. The rate of albumin synthesis and the rate of 14-C-lysine incorporated into circulating proteins were also measured. It was found that perfusion of the isolated rat liver with the TC-199 Difco medium containing the perfluoro-compound FC-80 emulsion maintained the liver in a good condition demonstrated, among other things, by the synthesis of albumin and other proteins. The liver could be kept in a good functional condition during 6 hours perfusion with this cell-free medium. With all the other types of perfusate tested the liver did not synthesize proteins. The isolated rat liver seems to be both convenient and advantageous for testing the perfusion media with respect to their capacity to maintain important metabolic functions.
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PMID:Studies on isolated rat liver perfused by perfluoro-compound emulsion. 112 46

The only exogenous substrates oxidized by mitochondria isolated from the flight muscle of the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) are proline, pyruvate and glycerol 3-phosphate. The highest rate of oxygen consumption is obtained with proline. The oxidation of proline leads to the production of more NH3 than alanine, indicating a functioning glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.2). Studies of mitochondrial extracts confirm the presence of a very active glutamate dehydrogenase, and this enzyme is found to be activated by ADP and inhibited by ATP. These extracts also show high alanine aminotransferase activity (EC 2.6.1.2) and a uniquely active "malic' enzyme (EC 1.1.1.39). The "malic' enzyme is activated by succinate and inhibited by ATP and by pyruvate. It is suggested that the input of tricarboxylate-cycle intermediate from proline oxidation is balanced by the formation of pyruvate from malate, and the complete oxidation of the majority of the pyruvate. Studies of the steady-state concentrations of mitochondrial CoASH and CoA thioesters during proline oxidation show a high succinyl (3-carboxypropionyl)-CoA content which falls on activating respiration with ADP. There is a concomitant rise in CoASH. However, the reverse transition, from state-3 to state-4 respiration, causes only very slight changes in acylation. The reasons for this are discussed. Studies of the mitochondrial content of glutamate, 2-oxoglutarate, malate, pyruvate, citrate and isocitrate during the same phases of proline oxidation give results consistent with control at the level of glutamate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase during proline oxidation, with the possibility of further control at "malic' enzyme. During the oxidation of pyruvate all of the tricarboxylate-cycle intermediates and NAD(P)H follow the pattern of changes described in the blowfly (Johnson & Hansford, 1975; Hansford, 1974) and isocitrate dehydrogenase is identified as the primary site of control.?2OAuthor
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PMID:The nature and control of the tricarboxylate cycle in beetle flight muscle. 120 Sep 85


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