Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lambs were fed 6 to 7% of metabolic body weight per day of a basal purified diet low in nickel (65 ppb) or the basal diet plus 5 ppm nickel for a 97 day period in an attempt to demonstrate an essential role for nickel in the ovine. Weight gains for the entire period and digestibility of dry matter and of protein at 28 and 56 days were not different between the two groups. At 28 days, but not at 56 days, urinary nitrogen was less and percentage retention of absorbed nitrogen was greater in the supplemented lambs. Total serum proteins were higher at 56 days and serum alanine transaminase was higher throughout the experiment in the nickel supplemented lambs, but only significantly so at 56 days. When lambs were given an oral dose of 65Ni, the low nickel lambs tended to excrete more in the feces and retained less in the kidney, lung, and liver at 72 hours post dosing. The major excretory route of nickel was via the feces. The kidney retained the highest concentration of 65Ni of the organs examined.
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PMID:Studies on the role of nickel in the ruminant. 62 85

Blood serum samples were obtained from 114 crossbred calves on a feed trial under feedlot conditions at the end of a 56-day feeding period. Average values for 19 blood components were determined. The effects of the 3 trial rations and 2 electrolyte treatments were analyzed. Except for inorganic phosphates, urea nitrogen, cholesterol, glucose, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase most mean values were similar to those in dairy cattle. Urea nitrogen values differed significantly (P less than 0.05) in animals fed different rations apparently reflecting the crude protein content of each ration. The mean values presented can be used as base-line data for comparison with other similar studies or with values from diseased animals.
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PMID:Metabolic and cellular profile testing in calves under feedlot conditions: minerals, electrolytes, and biochemical components--reference values. 72 85

Forty-seven male Macaca mulatta, 3 to 4 kg weight, were inoculated intravenously or subcutaneously with various doses of yolk sac-grown Rickettsia rickettsii. Thirty-four macaques became febrile and exhibited signs of infection ranging from transient illness with a few days of fever to severe illness with subsequent death. The rash appeared more frequently in the macaques inoculated subcutaneously. Febrile macaques that survived had leukocytosis, with concomitant neutrophilia. Febrile macaques that died had, in addition, marked terminal leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Packed cell volume of all febrile macaques decreased. In almost all of the febrile macaques, there were increased serum urea nitrogen, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase and decreased total serum protein and amylase concentrations. A few febrile macaques had increased bilirubin values and decreased sodium, chloride, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations. Changes did not occur in serum glucose, potassium, calcium, and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase values. The experimental form of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the macaque provides a subhuman primate model for studying the pathophysiology of this disease.
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PMID:Changes in blood serum constituents and hematologic values in Macaca mulatta with Rocky Mountain spotted fever. 82 Feb 24

1. Adult rats were subjected to a brief period of diethyl ether anaesthesia and were given diets with 200 or 100 g casein/kg with or without arginine plus glycine supplementation in the post-anaesthesia period. Nitrogen retention was measured as well as liver protein content and liver and muscle transaminase activities (L-aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), (EC 2.6.1.1), and L-alanine aminotransferase (GPT)(EC 2.6.1.2). 2. Results demonstrated that anaesthesia-stressed rats consuming the high-protein diet with supplemental arginine and glycine retained twice as much N as did rats given the diet with 200 g casein/kg alone, for the first 5 d post-anaesthesia. 3. Anaesthesia-stressed animals consuming the diets with 100 g casein/kg with or without arginine plus glycine supplementation did not differ from each other in N retention. 4. Liver protein content increased after anaesthesia in rats given the high-protein diets; liver transaminase activity increased, whereas muscle transaminase activity decreased, in animals consuming the high protein diets. 5. Possible mechanisms to account for these results are discussed.
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PMID:Nitrogen retention in rats fed on diets enriched with arginine and glycine. 2. Effect of diethyl ether anaesthesia on N retention. 85 75

Effects of 3 hours of methoxyflurane anesthesia in 20 dogs were determined by blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SC), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP). sulfobromphthalein (BSP), phenosulfonphthalein (PSP) clearance test, 24-hour water intake and urine excretion, and serum inorganic fluoride (SIF) evaluation. Values for BUN, SC, serum ALT, BSP, and PSP after the anesthetic were not significantly different (P less than 0.05) from the base-line values. The serum ALP values were significantly increased (P less than 0.001). Water intake and urine excretion showed a peak increase 48 hours after anesthesia. Serum inorganic fluoride concentration increased significantly (P less than 0.001) compared with the base line. The SIF 20 minutes before anesthesia was 4.54 +/- 0.82 mumol/L, at 90 minutes of surgical anesthesia 92.35 +/- 8.91 micronmol/L, at 20 minutes after anesthesia 132 +/- 12.55 micronmol/L, and at 1, 3, and 6 days after anesthesia they were 105.60 +/- 8.93, 42.10 +/- 6.90, and 12.65 +/- 1.32 micronmol/L. Clinical signs of renal or hepatic failure were not detected in any of the treated dogs during 7 day post-anesthetic observation period.
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PMID:Serum fluoride concentration, renal, and hepatic function test results in dogs with methoxyflurane anesthesia. 88 22

Sublethal doses of vincristine (VNC) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administered simultaneously to adult male mice resulted in markedly enhanced mortality. All of 10 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa tested, 4 of 7 strains of Bacteroides, and 6 of 10 strains of Listeria monocytogenes were able to substitute for purified LPS in enhancing mortality in VNC-treated mice. Inoculation of mice with each of 10 strains of Pseudomonas, each of 7 strains of Bacteroides, and about half of the 10 strains of Listeria tested elicited increased resistance to the lethal action of purified LPS. The patterns of responses of mice receiving a lethal combination of 2 mg of LPS/kg and 1 mg of VNC/kg resembled those of mice receiving a lethal dose of 10 mg of VNC/kg alone or 15 mg of LPS/kg alone with respect to (i) serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase activity, (ii) hematocrit values, and (iii) thrombocytopenia. The patterns of responses of mice receiving a lethal combination of LPS and VNC resembled those of mice receiving a lethal dose of LPS alone with respect to (i) hypothermia, (ii) retention of sulfobromophthalein, (iii) fibrinogen level, (iv) prothrombin activity, (v) blood urea nitrogen levels, and (vi) time of death. These data are consistent with the proposition that the combination of VNC and LPS produces a fatal renal failure. Histological studies confirmed that there was extensive renal damage in mice treated with lethal doses of LPS alone or a lethal combination of LPS and VNC.
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PMID:Enhanced toxicity for mice of combinations of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and vincristine. 94 80

The authors investigated in rats with dietarily-induced obesity certain biochemical parameters of the blood plasma as well as body and organ weights during the dynamic and the static phase of obesity development. They determined total cholesterol, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea nitrogen and transaminases. After 4-5 weeks, the animals on a high-diet (50% of fat) had body weights which were, on an average, by 90% higher than those of the control animals. This difference persisted during the static phase. In the animals on a high-fat diet, body length was greater. The high-fat diet (which contains a great proportion of sunflower oil) leads to a decrease of the plasma cholesterol level in obese rats. The plasma-protein bodies, creatinine and urea nitrogen values as well as those for transaminases permit, as parameters for function and damage, to draw conclusions as to kidney and liver damages in the animals on high-fat diet. There were no differences in plasma protein between the control and experimental animals. On the contrary, obese rats showed in some cases high creatinine concentrations during the dynamic phase. Differences in urea nitrogen were not observed between the two groups of animals. Increases in alanine aminotransferase were found in the animals on high-fat diet as a manifestation of fatty degeneration of the liver. A synopsis of weight curves, biochemical parameters and histological findings permits the conclusion that, besides of dietarily-induced metabolic alterations, no additional organic lesions occurred during the present animal experiment on dietarily-induced obesity.
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PMID:[Biochemical parameters of blood plasma, and body and organ weights of Wistar rats with dietarily-induced experimental obesity]. 95 62

L-Leucine-pyruvate transaminase (mol. wt. 70 000) in Gluconobactersuboxydans synthesized during nitrogen starvation contained a labile form which changed to the stable one later. The labile enzyme (mol. wt. 70 000) dissocated to the two proteinaceous components: a cationic one (mol. wt. 10 000--20 000) and an anionic one (mol. wt. 50 000--60 000), during column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The enzyme activity was reconstructed when they were mixed. The reconstructed enzyme had almost the same molecular size and enzymatic properties as the labile and the native stable enzymes.
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PMID:Resolution and complementation of the labile L-leucine-pyruvate transaminase. An intermediate during enzyme formation under nitrogen starvation in Gluconobacter suboxydans. 100 28

The experience gained with Estracyt, kindly supplied by AB LEO, Sweden, is reported. On the basis of former data in the literature we only used the drug in estrogen resistant and advanced cases. Estracyt (estramustine phosphate) is a nitrogen mustard derivative of the urethan type, attached to oestradiol-17-phosphate. In histologically verified cases, it was administered in daily doses of 300 mg intravenously for three weeks, followed by maintenance doses of 300 mg a week in tablets for three months. During treatment, liver and bone marrow function was checked systematically. The changes in morphological picture were studied by means of biopsies during and at the end of treatment. In agreement with the data in the literature a favourable effect was observed in estrogen resistant patients, with no toxic effect whatever on the bone marrow. At the same time GOT and GPT and BSP retention examinations demonstrated a hepatotoxic side effect. The pathological values returned to normal after withdrawal of the drug. Histological examinations showed that the tumour cells had changed but failed to disappear after treatment.
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PMID:Treatment of prostatic cancer with Estracyt (estramustine phosphate). 110 75

Gyrocotyle fimbriata isolated from the spiral valve of Hydrolagus colliei were washed, then held in a filtered seawater-penicillin-Tris buffer medium. Ammonia and urea release to the medium declined together and ammonia production was minimal when the urea concentration was below detectable limits. Alanine and smaller amounts of glycine were released to the medium at a more constant rate. After 12 hr the alanine-glycine excretion was more than 20 times the ammonia excretion. L-arginine, L-serine, L-histidine, and urea were most effective in stimulating ammonia production by whole worms; other L-amino acids were essentially ineffective. L-glutamate dehydrogenase, L-amino acid oxidase, uricase, and ornithine transcarbamylase were below detectable levels. L-serine dehydrase, L-arginase, L-histidase, and urease were detected in tissue homogenates and probably account for most of the endogenous ammonia production. L-arginase has a molecular weight of 28,000 by Sehpadex gel filtration. The high levels of glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and lower levels of glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase correlate with the high level of alanine excretion. It is concluded that (1) ammonia production is not strongly linked to the overall energy metabolism of Gyrocotyle and is probably a result of a series of unrelated enzymatic reactions such as the action of urease of urea from the tissue of the rat fish, and (2) alanine and glycine are the major nitrogen excretory products and their production is linked to the energy metabolism of Gyrocotyle.
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PMID:Ammonia formation and amino acid excretion by Gyrocotyle fimbriata (Cestoidea). 111 78


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