Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effects of small doses of insecticides (Fenclorfos and Heptaclor) upon the thymus of chickens were followed. Treatment began at the age of 3 weeks and continued during 4 or 8 weeks. Doses used were: 1 ppm for Heptaclor and 1 ppm and 0.5 ppm for Fenclorfos. Total nucleic acid, total protein, RNA, DNA, and amino acid nitrogen contents were determined, as well as GOT and GPT activities and weight of the organ. Results are interpreted as being due to the action of insecticides on the hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenals axis. They depend on the nature and dosis of insecticide, as well as on the duration of the treatment.
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PMID:[Thymus changes in chicks following treatment with small doses of insecticides]. 5 54

Ten male rhesus monkeys, each weighing 3.5 kg, were divided into four groups of 3, 3, 2, and 2, and were fed daily with 100 g pelleted food containing 300, 30, 3, and 0 ppm cadmium, respectively. Urine samples were collected every 2 weeks and blood samples every 4 weeks. One monkey each of the 300 and 30 ppm groups was autopsied for pathological examination and tissue cadmium determination at the week 24 of the experiment; the remaining 8 animals were killed after 55 weeks. The lowest exposed group (3 ppm) did not show any specific biological response to cadmium over a period of 55 weeks. In the 30 ppm group, no significant changes were observed for up to 24 weeks, although cadmium concentration in the renal cortex and urine at 24 weeks were 300 mug/g wet weight and 18 mug/l., respectively. Plasma urea nitrogen and urine protein (quantitative determination) increased after 30 and 36 weeks. At 55 weeks of the experiment, qualitative tests were negative for low molecular weight proteinuria and glycosuria, and the results remained normal for renal and liver function tests and blood analysis, although cadmium concentrations in the renal cortex of two monkeys were 460 and 730 mug/g wet weight and those in the liver were 110 and 160 mug/g wet weight, respectively. In the highest exposure group (300 ppm), urine cadmium increased to 250 mug/l. by 11 weeks, and urine retinol-binding protein, plasma GOT, GPT, and LDH increased after 12 weeks. Proteinuria (quantitative determination), glycosuria, aminoaciduria (panaminoaciduria), and erythrocytopenia were observed after 16 weeks, when urine cadmium was 500-900 mug/l. Hypohemoglobinopathy and proteinuria (qualitative determination) were observed after 20 and 24 weeks, while cadmium concentrations in the renal cortex and the liver were 760 and 430 mug/g wet weight at 24 weeks, respectively. Slightly depressed tubular reabsorption of phosphate, increased urine beta(2)-microglobulin, increased plasma urea nitrogen, and increased plasma alpha(2)-globulin fraction (electrophoresis) were observed between 28 and 30 weeks of the experiment. Creatinine clearance and plasma cholinesterase decreased after 47 and 54 weeks, respectively. Cadmium concentrations in the renal cortex and the liver of two monkeys at 55 weeks were 350 and 580 mug/g wet weight and 410 and 630 mug/g wet weight, respectively. Pathological examinations revealed denaturation, destruction, and regeneration of the epithelial cells in renal proximal tubules, but no pathological changes in osseous tissues. Critical cadmium concentration in the renal cortex was estimated to be 380 mug/g wet weight for low molecular weight proteinuria and 470 mug/g wet weight for proteinuria, glycosuria, and aminoaciduria. Critical concentration in the liver was also estimated to be 210 mug/g wet weight. The apparent biological half-time of cadmium in monkeys at autopsied stage was calculated to be 0.66, 6.4, 5.2, and 22.4 years for the 300, 30, 3, and 0 ppm groups, respectively.
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PMID:Effects of dietary cadmium on rhesus monkeys. 11 86

Mice ingesting a standard rodent diet supplemented with polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) were more susceptible to chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent-induced renal and hepatic damage, as well as the lethal effects of CHCl3 and CCl4, than were mice consuming control diet. As little as 0.025 ml/kg CHCl3 caused a significant increase in serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and a significant decrease in renal cortical slices accumulation of p-aminohippurate (PAH) in PBB-pretreated but not control mice. SGOT and serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) were greater in PBB-pretreated mice than in control mice after 0.125 and 0.005 ml/kg CCl4, respectively. Renal cortical PAH accumulation was greatly reduced in PBB-pretreated but not control mice aftter 0.125 ml/kg CCl4. The solvent-induced decrease in PAH accumulation was also greater in PBB-pretreated mice than in control mice following administration of 1.0 ml/kg trichloroethylene (TRI) and 0.15 ml/kg 1,1,2-trichloroethane (TCE).
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PMID:Potentiation of hepatic and renal toxicity of various compounds by prior exposure to polybrominated biphenyls. 20 82

Oral administration of carnitine in normal and diabetic subjects showed a marked decrease in the level of blood glucose during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) except for the three hour samples in diabetic subjects, while a decrease in the level of subsequent blood pyruvate samples was observed during the OGTT in normal and diabetic subjects after the administration of carnitine. During the OGTT, the peak of blood glucose and blood pyruvate level was generally delayed in the diabetic subjects. Furthermore, the mean blood pyruvate levels were elevated above those of normal subjects during the late stages of the test. The mean levels of blood glucose and blood pyruvate of all samples after the administration of carnitine were significantly higher in diabetics than the corresponding values in noramls. Carnitine administration decreased the total blood amino acid nitrogen level only in diabetic subjects. Carnitine caused a highly significant increase in the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase in normal and diabetic subjects, while it had no effect on the activity of serum aspartate aminotransferase. In goats, the level of blood glucose during the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was not affected by carnitine (1,3 or 6 mg/kg body weight). Carnitine in all doses used had no effect on the total blood amino acid nitrogen during the IVGTT, or on the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase and serum aspartate aminotransferase in the fasting samples. Acetyl-D,L-beta-methylcholine had no effect on the level of blood glucose, total blood amino acid nitrogen, the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase or serum aspartate aminotransferase in normal and diabetic subjects. The level of blood pyruvate decreased both in normal and diabetic subjects, in the samples that represented the peak of the curve. Glycine betaine had no effect on blood glucose, pyruvate, total blood amino acid nitrogen and the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase or serum aspartate amino transferase in normal and diabetic subjects or in goats.
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PMID:Effect of D,L-carnitine, acetyl-D,L-beta-methylcholine chloride and glycine betaine on some processes of carbohydrate metabolism of humans and goats. 39 22

Normal values for 13 chemical constituents of plasma were estimated from results for 837 presumably healthy children. Ninety microliters of specimen was analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus, total calcium, total cholesterol, total proteins, albumin, uric acid, urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and glucose. We used two Abbott ABA-100 Bichromatic Analyzers interfaced directly to the ABA Data Management System. For each test age- and sex-related variations were assessed and normal values were estimated for six different age groups.
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PMID:Microchemical analysis for 13 constituents of plasma from healthy children. 43 35

Normotensive, Sprague-Dawley (S-D) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats were subjected to aortic ligature. The systolic blood pressure of S-D rats was increased by +/- 80 mm Hg, whereas the blood pressure of SH rats with pre-existent hypertension increased only slightly, +/- 9 mm Hg. The S-D rats developed myocardial and renal infarcts as well as polyarteritis nodosa; the SH rats developed testicular and microadrenocortical infarcts only. Aortic-ligated S-D rats had elevated creatine phosphokinase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and lactic hydrogenase levels and manifested hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Corticosterone levels increased in aortic-ligated S-D rats but decreased in SH rats. Collateralization about the site of aortic ligature appeared to be the same in both strains. It is suggested that the acutely induced hypertension in S-D rats rather than SH rats and differences in adrenal steroidogenesis between the two strains would best account for the dichotomous cardiovascular response to aortic constriction.
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PMID:Diverse cardiovascular responses to aortic constriction in normotensive Sprague-Dawley versus spontaneously hypertensive rats. 50 90

Serum electrolytes, metabolites and enzymes were determined in arterial blood of chronically cannulated dogs at room temperature and on exposure to 44-50 degrees C. These dogs were naturally acclimated to hot, arid conditions. In dogs maintaining their rectal temperatures (TR) below 40 degrees C, no significant changes were seen in the levels of Na+, Cl-, cholesterol, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase or glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). K+, CO2, glucose decreased significantly, and urea nitrogen (BUN) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) showed small but significant increases. In several cases of excitable dogs, in which TR increased above 40 degrees C, we found large, significant increases in uric acid, SGPT and SGOT, and a decrease in cholesterol. The results suggest that in dogs maintaining their TR when exposed to high temperatures, changes in serum constituents indicate merely the presence of respiratory alkalosis and an increased energetic demand. When control of TR is lost, changes occur which suggest liver, and possibly cardiac, tissue damage.
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PMID:Physiological responses of dogs on exposure to hot, arid conditions. Serum constituents. 56 59

A marginal protein malnutrition model which makes allowances for the increasing nutritional requirements of the growing rat and the effects of dietary manipulation on diurnal rhythms, while still rigidly controlling the level of protein restriction, is reported. A predetermined, constantly increasing intake of four purified diets, providing approximately 40 to 160% of the National Research Council protein requirement for rats was fed to rats receiving a nitrogen-free energy source adlibitum. This standardization reduced within-group variation and allowed precise growth reproducibility. Biochemical parameters were measured at evenly spaced intervals throughout the day to remove diurnal differences from between-group comparisons. Growth, nitrogen balance, and 24-hour means of liver weight, DNA, RNA, protein, and glutamate-oxaloacetate and glutamate-pyruvate transaminases reflected protein intake. However, when growth was depressed 10, 30, or 60%, liver GPT/DNA was depressed 40, 49, or 67%, respectively. Hepatic GPT appears to be a sensitive and accurate indicator of marginal protein malnutrition.
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PMID:Hepatic transaminase in protein-restricted rats: development of a controlled model. 56 97

Weanling Wistar rats of both sexes were fed diets containing 0 (control), 1% and 5% ground sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum derived from infected rapeseed (Brassica napus). Body weight, feed consumption and clinical appearance were monitored over an 84-day period. Blood samples were collected on days 41 and 84 and necropsies performed on day 84. Weight gain and feed consumption were similar in the control and 1% groups. In the 5% group, weight gain was depressed, feed wastage was greater and at termination more than half the rats were in poor body condition with alopecia and hyperkeratosis of the tail. These effects were probably nutritional and due to unpalatability of the diet. Blood urea nitrogen and blood glucose concentrations did not vary consistently among the groups. Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity was significantly depressed (p less than 0.001) by consumption of sclerotia. This depression was dose-related and consistent on days 41 and 84. There were no significant differences (p greater than 0.05) between groups in the ratios of liver weight and kidney weight to body weight.
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PMID:Subacute toxicological evaluation of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in rats. 57 Apr 44

One hundred and sixteen colony control dogs (purebred beagles) ranging in age from 56 to 4868 days at the time of sampling, were tested at various intervals over a 10-year period to determine the normal values of several serum constituents. The effects of sex and family line were also noted. With increasing age, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, total protein, and cholesterol increased, whereas glucose, serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, creatine phosphokinase, iron, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin decreased. Females had significantly higher levles of urea nitrogen, iron, and cholesterol than males. Males had significantly higher serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels. The rate of increase in serum cholesterol with age was greater in males than in females. Males showed no age related changes in levels of urea nitrogen or iron, while the females showed decreasing levels. Significant differences in total protein and albumin were noted in dogs belonging to different family.
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PMID:Serum chemistry values of normal dogs (beagles): associations with age, sex, and family line. 59 88


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