Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of these present experiences was to evaluate some metabolic parameters, which can show liver damage after end-to-side porto-caval shunt, comparing the data with "sham operated" rats. At 180th day in each group the following parameters were controlled: ALT, AST, Alkaline phosphatase, gamma GT, bilirubin, Cholesterol, albumin and ammonia blood level. The results showed a significant increase of gamma GT, APh, bilirubin and ammonia blood level in porto-caval shunt operated rats.
 ...
PMID:[Metabolic changes following termino-lateral portacaval anastomosis in the rat]. 614 21

The aim of this paper is to elucidate the cause of death after 90 min of normothermic partial (2/3) ischemia of the liver and to examine the effects of glucagon, somatostatin, insulin, prednisolone and oral administration of polymyxin B (PB). The animals 24 hr after partial ischemia for 90 min were divided into two groups; namely, animals with normal appearance and those with moribund state. There were no significant differences in the plasma level of S-GOT, S-GPT, amino acids, NH3 or insulin, or in morphometrically estimated volume ratio of necrotic hepatocytes between the two groups of rats. The blood glucose level, however, was significantly decreased (31 +/- 28 mg/100 ml, n = 6) in the moribund rats with a higher incidence of positive Limulus gelation tests as compared with the rats with normal appearance (149 +/- 19, n = 5). The 1-day and 1-week survival rates of the animals were 42/62 (69%) and 32/61 (53%), respectively. A glucagon injection (1.5 mg/kg, after ischemia) was effective to elevate the 1-day survival rate (14/14), but failed to increase the 1-week survival rate (11/14). On the other hand, a somatostatin injection (100 micrograms/kg, after ischemia) or PB treatment (15 mg/kg/day x 5-9, before ischemia) succeeded to increase the 1-week survival rate (20/22 p less than 0.01 and 17/17 p less than 0.01, respectively), although no significant amelioration in transaminase levels or volume ratio of necrosis was demonstrated. It could be seen that a moribund state after partial ischemia was accompanied by severe hypoglycemic shock, and that the injection of somatostatin after ischemia or the annihilation of gram-negative bacteria by means of oral administration of polymyxin B before ischemia prevented the occurrence of the hypoglycemic shock.
 ...
PMID:Postischemic liver damage in rats: effect of some therapeutic interventions on survival rate. 629 17

To evaluate the potential role of taurine deficiency in the pathogenesis of parenteral nutrition-induced cholestasis, 20 premature (less than 34 weeks AGA) infants were randomized to receive parenteral nutrition with and without taurine (10.8 mg/kg/day) during the first 10 days of life. Birth weight, gestational age, and protein and caloric intake were similar in both groups. Plasma taurine levels and hepatic function were assessed before the study began (3 +/- 1 days of age), at 5 +/- 1 days of age, and at 9 +/- 1 days of age. Although plasma taurine levels were significantly greater at 5 +/- 1 and 9 +/- 1 days of age (p = 0.009) in the group receiving supplementation, no differential effect on hepatocellular function could be detected during this short period of time. A decrease in plasma ammonia (p = 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p = 0.036), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) (p = 0.05), 5'-nucleotidase (5'N) (p = 0.001), and bile salt concentrations was noted in both groups, indicating the rapid maturation of hepatic function even in the presence of parenteral nutrition during the first 10 days of life.
 ...
PMID:Effect of taurine supplementation on hepatic function during short-term parenteral nutrition in the premature infant. 642 96

The activity of certain key enzymes involved in glutamic acid metabolism was studied in purified brain mitochondria and in mitochondrial subfractions separated in a discontinuous 1.2--1.6 mol/l sucrose gradient. Alanine aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase were found to be matrix enzymes and aspartate aminotransferase to be associated with the inner mitochondrial membranes. After the purified mitochondria had been separated into 5 subfractions, aspartate aminotransferase and NAD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase were found to be bound to the lighter mitochondrial subfractions settling at the 1.4--1.5 mol/l sucrose boundary while alanine aminotransferase, 4-aminobutyrate transaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase were associated with the heavier subfractions settling below 2.4 mol/l sucrose. The highest specific activity of the given enzymes was found in the subfraction settling at the 1.4--1.5 mol/l sucrose boundary, the only exception being alanine aminotransferase activity, whose maximum was found in the subfractions settling in 1.5 and 1.6 mol/l sucrose. It was concluded that alanine aminotransferase, in conjunction with glutamate dehydrogenase, is linked to NH3 binding and to the oxidation of reduced adenine nucleotides; in addition, alanine aminotransferase is presumed to have the function of transporting glutamate from the mitochondria to the extramitochondrial space.
 ...
PMID:Alanine aminotransferase and some other enzymes in different populations of free brain cortex mitochondria. 645 52

Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and the transaminases namely aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) and alanine aminotransferase (AIAT) were estimated in the muscle, liver, kidney, and brain of control and ammonium acetate administered frogs. The results indicated tissue specific responses during induced ammonotoxemia. The inherent endogenous ammonia production decreased in all the tissues. 2-Keto glutarate production appears to be the other main adaptive feature as a result of slightly stepped up transdeamination patterns.
 ...
PMID:Transamination and glutamate deamination in Rana hexadactyla during induced ammonia toxicity. 651 Oct 61

Renal adaptation to chronic metabolic acidosis was studies in Arbor Acre hens receiving ammonium chloride by stomach tube 0.75 g/kg/day during 6 days. During a 14-day study, it was shown that the animals could excrete as much as 60% of the acid load during ammonium chloride administration. At the same time urate excretion fell markedly but the renal contribution to urate excretion (14%) did not change. During acidosis, blood glutamine increased twofold and the tissue concentration of glutamine rose in both liver and kidney. Infusion of L-glutamine led to increased ammonia excretion and more so in acidotic animals. Glutaminase I, glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase (GPT), and malic enzyme activities increased in the kidney during acidosis but phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity did not change. Glutaminase I was not found in the liver, but hepatic glutamine synthetase rose markedly during acidosis. Glutamine synthetase was not found in the kidney. Renal tubules incubated with glutamine and alanine were ammoniagenic and gluconeogenic to the same degree as rat tubules with the same increments in acidosis. Lactate was gluconeogenic without increment during acidosis. The present study indicates that the avian kidney adapts to chronic metabolic acidosis with similarities and differences when compared to dog and rat. Glutamine originating from the liver appears to be the major ammoniagenic substrate. Our data also support the hypothesis that hepatic urate synthesis is decreased during acidosis.
 ...
PMID:The kidney of chicken adapts to chronic metabolic acidosis: in vivo and in vitro studies. 681 56

Serum levels of ornithine carbamyl transferase (S-OCT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase were compared for 37 Reye's syndrome patients with regard to variation with clinical stage an serum ammonia levels. In stage I patients, the mean S-OCT activities were greater and the serum ammonia levels lower than found with patients in the more advanced stages. Covariation of these two parameters was found only in the more advanced stages. No significant correlation with stage or serum ammonia levels was found for S-GOT or S-GPT activities. These observations are discussed in terms of their relevance to reports of an early transient decrease of hepatic OCT activity in Reye's syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Serum ornithine carbamyl transferase activities in Reye's syndrome. 706 88

Biochemical changes in the air-breathing catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.) exposed to a sublethal level of carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate) at 0.5 ppm concentration in ambient water for a period of 30 days were assessed. A small reduction in growth rate was observed in the fish treated with 0.5 ppm carbofuran for 60 days although no mortality or any apparent symptom of toxicity could be noted. Studies were carried out on the activities of certain enzymes of intermediary metabolism viz., glucose 6-phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, Na+, K+-ATPase, GOT and GPT in certain vital tissues of the fish exposed to carbofuran (0.5 ppm) for 30 days. Exposure to carbofuran resulted in sharp inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in brain of the fish which recovered rather rapidly after terminating pesticide treatment and maintaining the fish in clean freshwater. Ratio of the levels of calcium/phosphorus in serum showed significant diminution in experimental groups of fish compared to controls. Level of ammonia in serum of experimental fish was markedly increased while excretion of ammonia by fish showed concomitant decrease. The bioaccumulation level of the pesticide and its degraded product, 3-hydroxy-carbofuran in liver tissue was measured by gas chromatography. A rationale of the effect of carbofuran on metabolism vis-a-vis toxicity in the fish has been suggested.
 ...
PMID:Certain biochemical responses in the air-breathing catfish Clarias batrachus exposed to sublethal carbofuran. 712 66

Measurements have been made of the hepatic soluble and mitochondrial GOT and GPT and mitochondrial NAD+ glutamate dehydrogenase activities in thioacetamide-treated rats for 30 days. There is a significant fall in the GOT and GPT soluble activities from the effect of chronic thioacetamide administration while the mitochondrial activities become markedly increased in both cases. Glutamate dehydrogenase also increased from the effect of this hepatotoxic substance. Protein determined in the soluble and mitochondrial fractions, showed decreased levels in the cytosolic extracts and increased levels in the mitochondrial ones. Morphological aspects of liver cells showed hypertrophic mitochondria located around the likewise hypertrophic nucleus. The existence of functionally very active mitochondria in the generating liver, induced by thioacetamide, as well as metabolic mechanisms for the regulating control under pathological circumstances, can be a consequence of the increased ammonia concentration.
 ...
PMID:[Changes caused by thioacetamide in GOT and GPT aminotransferases and glutamate dehydrogenase in rat liver. Ultrastructural study]. 714 64

Serum guanase activity was measured by a new method using direct colorimetric determination of ammonia in 25 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 21 dogs with experimental myocardial infarction and 6 CCl4-treated dogs, and compared with serum GOT and GPT activity. We found normal serum guanase activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction and in dogs with experimental myocardial infarction without liver damage, even when the serum GOT and GPT activities increased. On the other hand, serum guanase and transaminase activities were elevated significantly in the patients with acute myocardial infarction who had prominent symptoms of cardiac failure and congestion of the liver and CCl4-treated dogs. These findings suggested that the serum guanase activity was more specific than serum GOT and GPT activity as an indicator of liver damage and determination of serum guanase activity in the patients with acute myocardial infarction might be useful in assessing the presence of liver impairment.
 ...
PMID:Clinical and experimental studies of the determination of serum guanase activity in acute myocardial infarction. 723 May 7


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>