Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A simple and inexpensive procedure is described which allows reproducibly the isolation of rat pancreatic acinar cells. Using only small quantities of commercially available collagenase without addition of any further protease, a cell population consisting of about 95% of acinar cells can be obtained within about 95 min. Cell yield is 40% as calculated on a dry weight basis. Enzyme activities measured within final suspensions of isolated cells are: amylase, 1.17 +/- 0.27 amylase units.(mg d.w.)-1; lipase, 23.78 +/- 6.02 nkat.(mg d.w.)-1 and alanine aminotransferase, 0.895 +/- 0.236 nkat.(mg d.w.)-1. Isolated cells are morphologically intact as seen by electron microscopy and retain their viability for more than 3 h, even when incubated at 37 degrees C without any substrate and protease inhibitor, as revealed by their ability to exclude trypen blue. Therefore, acinar cells isolated in this manner may prove useful for investigations at cellular level into pathogenetic mechanisms underlying pancreatic diseases.
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PMID:An optimized procedure for isolation of rat pancreatic acinar cells. 246 96

Application of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy to gallbladder stones was studied in 37 adult female swine. Twenty-two sows underwent cholecystostomy with implantation of human gallstones. In 20 animals, after a 10-day recovery period, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, 2000 shocks (an amount determined in preliminary water bath studies to be effective), was performed. In 10 of these implanted swine, frequent focal point refocusing and biplanar ultrasonography were employed. Two animals served as operative controls. Fifteen other animals without gallstone implantation were studied for adverse effects of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on tissue. These animals (unimplanted) received 5000 shocks; 7 animals were killed 1 to 4 days after treatment and the others were killed after 4 weeks. Biochemical tests (total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, lipase, amylase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase determinations) were performed on all animals at entry and every second or third day until they were killed. Successful fragmentation, defined as all residual gallstone fragments being less than or equal to 4 mm in greatest dimension, was achieved in 14 of 20 animals overall, but in 10 of 10 animals in which focal point refocusing had been used. Slight perivascular hemorrhage and minimal coagulation necrosis were seen histologically only in the liver parenchyma adjacent to the gallbladder bed. The remainder of the liver was grossly and histologically normal. No injuries to the colon, duodenum, common bile duct, or pancreas were observed. No alterations suggesting injury or altered function occurred in any of the biochemical tests.
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PMID:Biliary lithotripsy. Determination of stone fragmentation success and potential tissue injury in swine. 275 4

Acute (LD50) and short-term (14 days) toxicological examinations were performed in animal experiments on the interaction of a synthetic pyrethroid Decis 2,5 EC (25 g deltamethrin/l) and of ethylene-bisdithiocarbamate/Dithane M-45 (80% mancozeb), using a 1:5 deltamethrin/mancozeb mixture. LD50 value of the mixture was similar to that of the more toxic Decis. In the short-term examination, some pathologically high AST and ALT values were observed in the treated groups and the deltamethrin content of fatty tissue samples increased parallel with the increase of Decis consumption. The chymotrypsin and lipase activities in the small intestinal mucosa and gamma-GT and LAP activities in the content of the bowels were reduced in several treated groups. The administration of Dithane in a dose in accordance with 20% of the LD50 value (3125 mg/kg b.m.) proved to be more toxic than expected and caused the death of the animals.
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PMID:Examination of the interaction of decis and dithane in rats. 290 11

The proposed system of continuous monitoring of enzyme activities is based primarily on the electrochemical behaviour of thiol compounds, and the experimental equipment is extremely simple. The determination of cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) activity is described. The normal values obtained for men (73.9, s +/- 10.3 microkat/l) and for women (71.1, s +/- 10.2 microkat/l), lie within the usual range of analogous photometric methods. Systems for determination of the activities of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) and adenosylhomocysteinase (EC 3.3.1.1) are described. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) is determined by a combination of enzyme reactions, in which CoA is released from acetyl-CoA. Analogous procedures are discussed for determinations of alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), lipase (EC 3.1.1.2), and phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) activities, and for determination of substrates, e.g., acetate and carnitine. Possible determinations of an additional 199 enzyme activities and of some of substrates are suggested. By determining electrochemically active groups other than thiols this method becomes almost universally applicable.
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PMID:New system of continuous monitoring of enzyme activities and determination of some substrates. 344 Aug 58

The selective multitest Boehringer Mannheim/Hitachi 704 analysis system was examined according to the ECCLS guidelines in a multicentre evaluation involving four laboratories. Ten routine parameters, covering most of the application settings of the instrument, were measured in the respective laboratory at temperatures 25, 30 or 37 degrees C. The trial lasted four months and gave more than 40,000 data. It yielded the following results: 1. Within the four laboratories the mean coefficients of variation for three control sera at different concentrations were found to be equal to or better than 1.6% for the within-run imprecision and 2.8% or better for the between-day imprecision. 2. No drift was observed during eight hours. 3. Because of the high linear measuring range a re-run analysis was seldom necessary. 4. Sample-related carry-over was not seen. Reagent-dependent carry-over was measured from cholesterol to uric acid and from triacylglycerols to lipase. Through modification of the cholesterol and triacylglycerol reagents, the carry-over effect was practically eliminated. 5. The recovery of the assigned values of control sera showed average values between 99 and 104%. For bilirubin, creatinine, creatine kinase and alanine aminotransferase some control sera showed deviations greater than 10%. 6. In all cases, regression analysis of the results obtained in comparisons of the present instrument with the Hitachi 705 or 737 yielded slopes close to unity with extreme values of 0.95 and 1.06. 7. During the entire evaluation period there was no malfunction or breakdown of the instruments. The evaluators came to the conclusion that the analytical performance as well as the reliability and practicability of the Hitachi 704 can be rated as excellent.
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PMID:A multicentre evaluation of the Boehringer Mannheim/Hitachi 704 analysis system. 344 28

The biochemical characterization of experimental acute pancreatitis was performed by determination of the secretory enzymes lipase and alpha-amylase, of the cytoplasmic ALAT (alanine aminotransferase), of total protein and calcium concentration in serum of rats. The moderate and protracted course of the pathological process in the small animal model presented allowed to study the initial phase from 1-24 h. In the first 4-8 h most massive enzyme release into the intravasal space was observed. The level of enzyme activities was correlating with the severity of assault. One noxa alone (ischemia or juice edema) resulted in a moderate enzyme release (lipase : 2-2.5 fold of control). The action of both noxae caused a drastical increase in enzyme activities in the initial phase lipase : 8-20 fold, ALAT: 7 fold, alpha-Amylase: 2.5 fold). 24 h postoperatively the serum enzyme activities were at distinct pathological level. At this time acute pancreatitis provoked already a decreased serum protein content. A hypocalcemia was not observed.
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PMID:Contribution of pancreatic edema and short-term ischemia to experimental acute pancreatitis in the rat. II. Behaviour of serum parameters. 349 93

Four experiments were carried out with 10 to 12 day old leghorn chicks weighing approximately 93 to 101 g. The chicks were injected intraperitoneally with sterigmatocystin (STG) dissolved in olive oil. The LD50 values as established in the first two experiments were 10.0 and 14.0 mg/kg body weight with most of the deaths occurring between 9 and 21 h following injection. Histopathological studies demonstrated that there was hemorrhage, foci of degeneration and necrosis with fibroblastic proliferation in sinusoids of the liver while the kidneys showed tubular degeneration and necrosis. Biochemical analysis of blood sera demonstrated that STG caused a marked elevation in the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, and a depression of creatine kinase, but no effects on gamma-glutamyl transferase, amylase and lipase. Free and conjugated bilirubin were elevated in the sera while total protein, albumin, glucose, potassium, chloride and phosphorous concentrations were depressed. In addition, total white blood cells and circulating agranulocytes were depressed while circulating granulocytes were elevated. STG did not significantly affect the concentration of uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, magnesium and sodium in blood.
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PMID:Acute toxicity of sterigmatocystin to chicks. 356 71

The effect of single, acute (7 pulses/sec., 0.75 volt) and chronic (4 pulses/sec., 0.75 volt) electroacupuncture (EA) treatment on alternate days for a period of 21 days on hepatic functions of rats were studied at cellular and subcellular levels. The points used for EA were Shenshu, Dachangshu and Zusanli. After chronic treatment, (a) protein, RNA, phospholipid, and cholesterol contents of whole liver and liver microsomal fraction increased significantly, (b) liver microsomal G-6-Pase activity increased significantly, (c) microsomal lipid peroxidation value decreased, (d) lipase activity increased. After acute treatment, (e) phospholipid, and cholesterol contents of the whole liver and liver microsomal fraction increased significantly, (f) liver microsomal G-6-Pase activity increased significantly, (g) liver microsomal lipid peroxidation value decreased, (h) GPT and lipase activity of liver increased. The parameters unchanged in acute treatment were as follows: (i) protein, RNA content, (j) GOT activity of the liver, (k) SGOT and SGPT activity, (1) hepatic triglyceride. The parameters unchanged in chronic treatment were as follows: (m) GOT and GPT activity of the liver, (n) SGOT and SGPT activity, (o) hepatic triglyceride. No apparent harmful effect of EA on rat hepatic functions is obvious from present study.
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PMID:Electroacupuncture and its effect on rat hepatic functions. 613 42

Antemortem and postmortem sera from 60 dogs were evaluated for lipase, amylase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and alanine aminotransferase (AAT); cerebrospinal fluid was examined for AAT and alkaline phosphatase. The postmortem intervals were 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h at temperatures of 4, 20, and 37 degrees C. Amylase levels remained stable at 4 and 20 degrees C and may be beneficial for diagnosing pancreatitis. Lipase levels may be useful as an adjunct to amylase values. Serum alkaline phosphatase values increased with postmortem interval; values were higher at 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C. Other enzymes were of little value for diagnosis.
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PMID:Postmortem sera and cerebrospinal fluid enzymes. 615 26

In a model developed to study acute pancreatitis in the dog, the disease process was comparable with the spontaneously occurring disease. Infusion of oleic acid into the accessory pancreatic duct induced, grossly and microscopically, acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis with pancreatic atrophy, fibrosis, fat necrosis, and edema. Clinical changes included persistent fever and tachycardia in all dogs and abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea in most. Serum amylase and lipase activities increased markedly as did activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Hematologic alterations included hemoconcentration (despite intensive fluid therapy) and leukocytosis due primarily to neutrophilia and monocytosis. Neither corticosteroid nor anticholinergic therapy begun 24 to 32 hours after oleic acid infusion altered the course of the disease. Dogs survived 8 days and appeared clinically normal when the study was terminated.
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PMID:Effects of an anticholinergic and a corticosteroid on acute pancreatitis in experimental dogs. 617 2


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