Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of two sequential therapies using mestranol as an estrogen and chlormadinone acetate and norethisterone acetate, respectively, as a gestagen on the aminotransferase (GOT and GPT), alkaline phosphatase and alpha-amylase activities, the cholesterol, total bilirubin and total protein contents and the indocyanine green (Ujoviridin, VEB Chemiekombinat Bitterfeld) half-life were studied in two groups, each comprising 12 women of fertile age. The serum protein was separated by paper electrophoresis and both the thymol turbidity and zinc sulphate tests were performed during the first treatment cycle. An estrogen-induced rise in alanine aminotransferase (GPT) activity from 6.31 U/liter to 12.14 U/liter was observed during application of the mestranol/chlormadinone acetate therapy. The value dropped to 5.34 U/liter when chlormadinone acetate was administered as a gestagen in addition to the estrogen. No significant changes were noted in the other biochemical parameters. Sequential therapy involving application of mestranol and norethisterone acetate produced only statistically secured rises in the alpha 1-globulin content and the GPT activity. All other changes in the different parameters remained within the normal range and were statistically insignificant.
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PMID:Studies on liver function under the influence of oral contraceptives. 8 70

Normal values for a number of blood components of grivet monkeys are reported. Haematological data and values for glucose, cholesterol and urea are similar to those of rhesus monkeys. Activities of alkaline phosphatase (1526 U/l), glutamine oxaloacetate transaminase (30.9 U/l), glutamine pyruvate transaminase (13.7 U/l), lactate dehydrogenase (629 U/l), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (175 U/l), creatine phosphokinase (227 U/l), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (38.7 U/l) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (14.2 U/l), and levels of lysozyme (178 mg/dl), zinc (162 microgram/dl), copper (81.3 microgram/dl) and iron (296.5 microgram/dl) have not previously been reported for this animal. Values for serum amino acids, proteins, electrolytes, triglycerides and creatinine are compared with those of other primates.
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PMID:Normal values for some whole blood and serum components of grivet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). 11 24

The morphological and biochemical studies were performed on the injured livers of female rats produced by chronic administration of D-galactosamine (GALN) (250 mg/kg, i.p.) for 7 months. Light microscopically, cirrhotic changes were observed in most of the animals characterized by the proliferation of the connective tissues from portal triads into hepatic lobules. The electron microscopic study demonstrated mitochondrial proliferation and irregularities with crenated membranes, focal hypertrophy of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, decrease of the rough endoplasmic reticulum with partial detouchment of ribosomes, slight loss of compactness of nucleoli and no remarkable accumulation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. The proliferation of collagen fibers was observed around the hepatocytes and acid mucopolysaccharides were seen in the space of Disse and partly in the sinusoids histochemically using electron microscope. Biochemically chronic GALN administration, which increased hepatic weight significantly, resulted in a significant decrease in microsomal protein concentration, whereas cytochrome P450 content significantly increased. There was no change in phospholipid contents. After GALN, plasma albumin concentration was significantly decreased and the value of zinc turbidity test was increased. However, there was no change in plasma GPT level and total cholesterol concentration.
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PMID:D-galactosamine induced hepatic cirrhosis: its ultrastructural and biochemical studies in rat. 65 50

Serum and urinary RNase activity was determined in 15 normal children and in 52 children in various clinical stages of schistosomal hepatic fibrosis. The activity of serum RNase was compared with that of serum GOT, GPT and AP. The activity of serum and urinary RNase in the different schistosomal groups was significantly higher than in healthy children. The elevated levels of serum and urinary RNase activity were possibly due to malnutrition with tissue catabolism, zinc-deficiency and liver cell injury. Treatment with Astiban and protein-rich diet resulted in a significant decrease in serum and urinary RNase activity and an in significant drop in serum GOT, GPT and AP. Serum and urinary RNase appear to be more sensitive indices for evaluating the early metabolic disturbances in schistosomal patients than GOT, GPT or AP. Our findings also showed that the severity of cases could be graded according to the level of urinary RNase.
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PMID:Serum and urinary ribonuclease in children with schistosomal hepatic fibrosis. 73 20

Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by repeated peritoneal injections of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) over a period of 2-11 weeks. Serum procollagen III peptide (SPIIINP), prolidase (SP) and alanine aminotransferase (SALT) levels were monitored during the period of induction. The extent of fibrosis was semi-quantitatively estimated after collagen staining, and the anti-fibrotic effects of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (DMPGE2), colchicine, and zinc sulphate were studied. SPIIINP and SP were increased the first 2 weeks after CCl4 administration and peaked at 6 weeks. Alterations in SPIIINP and SP correlated well to the semi-quantitative histological score of liver sections during the first 6 weeks, and SP was positively related to SPIIINP throughout the whole induction period. DMPGE2 decreased SPIIINP, SP and SALT significantly in addition to a markedly decreased formation of liver collagens. Colchicine had a similar but less dramatic effect, whereas zinc sulphate only reduced SPIIINP without influencing liver damage. In conclusion SPIIINP seems to be a valuable indicator of liver fibrogenesis, and SP may play a limited role in indicating accelerated collagen metabolism in the liver. DMPGE2 obviously inhibited the production of collagens induced by CCl4. Colchicine also had an apparent effect on liver fibrosis, whereas zinc sulphate merely seemed to postpone it.
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PMID:Monitoring of serum markers for fibrosis during CCl4-induced liver damage. Effects of anti-fibrotic agents. 148 4

Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) preadministered intraperitoneally (5 mg Cr/kg body weight) to rats and mice protected these animals from acute lethal toxicity of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Some other metals, Cr(VI), Cu(II), and Zn(II), had no effect on CCl4 lethal toxicity. DL-alpha-tocopherol, one of the antioxidative agents, showed similar protective effects to Cr(III). Activities of serum GOT and GPT in mice were increased sharply by the administration of CCl4, but these elevations were depressed by Cr(III) preadministration. Serum glucose levels of mice increased transiently after CCl4 administration and then in the control group fell to hypoglycemic levels after 6 hr, whereas the Cr(III)-pretreated group kept to homeostatic levels. Lipid peroxidation of microsomes in mice 24 hr after Cr(III) administration was lower than that of the control. These results suggest that Cr(III) preadministered to mice might act as a radical scavenger to CCl4 to form trichloromethyl radicals which are a major initial product of CCl4 in liver cells.
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PMID:Protective effect of chromium(III) on acute lethal toxicity of carbon tetrachloride in rats and mice. 164 94

Kochia foliage that had tested positive to Dragendorff's reagent (presumptive alkaloids) and had elicited chronic toxicosis when fed to rats was fed to sheep to characterize early stages of kochia toxicosis and evaluate treatments that might improve tolerance. Twelve fine-wool lambs (46 +/- 9 kg BW) were fed chopped kochia hay (35%) mixed with chopped alfalfa hay (65%) for 4 wk. The kochia diet had 14.3% CP and 39.9% ADF. Dry matter intake averaged 3.4% of BW/d. Body weight did not change during 4 wk and blood serum components were not changed from values at the onset. Thereafter, kochia was increased to 50% of diet for five more weeks, during which four treatments were imposed randomly (three lambs/treatment): 1) none; 2) N-acetyl-L-cysteine plus trans-stilbene oxide, 21 and 52 mg/kg of BW, respectively, given i.p. twice weekly; 3) retinyl palmitate, 275 mg, plus alpha-tocopherol, 300 mg/lamb dosed i.m. twice weekly; and 4) zinc sulfate mixed in the feed to provide 500 mg daily. Kochia contained 4.8% oxalate. The diet with 50% kochia had 16% CP and 36% ADF, and digestibility coefficients were 59% for DM, 72% for CP, and 59% for ADF. After 5 wk, blood glucose was elevated slightly, total bilirubin was increased about 1.5-fold (P less than .05), alanine aminotransferase was elevated slightly (P less than .05), and inorganic phosphorus and urea (blood urea N) were diminished (P less than .05); other serum components, including calcium, were unchanged from initial levels (P greater than .10). Treatments had negligible effects for modifying serum signs of mild chronic toxicosis associated with kochia hay fed as 50% of diet.
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PMID:Nutritional and toxicological evaluations of kochia hay (Kochia scoparia) fed to lambs. 188 1

To examine the combined hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of cadmium and ethanol, rats maintained on an ethanol containing liquid diet (5% w/w) were given cadmium either acutely (3 x 1 mg/kg IP) or subacutely (about 14 mg/kg/day PO for 6 weeks). Parameters tested were cadmium, zinc and copper contents of blood and various organs, metallothionein (MT) contents, polysome profile of liver and kidneys, serum SDH and GPT levels and creatinine clearance. Ethanol reduced the hepatic MT contents without altering the polysome profile and the zinc and copper contents. Cadmium on the other hand raised the MT contents in liver and kidneys. This effect of cadmium predominated in the combined treatment. Morphological examination and functional tests (SDH, GPT, creatinine clearance) indicate that cadmium does not enhance the toxic effects of ethanol, and vice versa.
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PMID:Investigation into the combined effects of ethanol and cadmium on rat liver and kidneys. 227 4

The influence of diets containing faba bean or casein as sources of protein were studied in rats at two stages of development. A significant impairment of growth rate, carcass, liver and skeletal muscle were found in young and adult rats fed for a period of 10 days on raw legume. Urinary urea output and the activities of three amino acid degrading enzymes: arginase, alanine aminotransferase and arginine succinate synthetase were all affected by the dietary protein and the stage of development. Urinary creatinine excretion was higher in the adult rats, while serum cholesterol was slightly increased in the young ones. Changes in plasma zinc may be attributed to a reduced zinc bioavailability to rats from the faba bean diet. Other biochemical parameters measured (glucose, triglycerides and plasma proteins) remained unchanged in all the experimental groups. Liver DNA and RNA content (mg/g tissue) decreased with age in both dietary groups, which were accompanied by an increase in tissue size. Furthermore, liver RNA concentration (primarily a measure of protein synthesis capacity) was enhanced in the adult legume fed rats. In this context, it is suggested that other organs (particularly muscle, with lower amino acid requirements for protein synthesis as a consequence of the stunting of growth) could contribute to increase the amino acid supply to liver in the animals fed on the faba bean diet.
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PMID:Induced biochemical and physiological changes in young and adult growing rats fed on a vegetable or animal protein diet. 243 60

The study embraces the shops: metallurgic, electrolysis, production of sulfuric acid and shop 100. Tests are performed on the environmental pollution by dust, sulfur dioxide, chlorine, aerosols of sulfuric acid, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and dioxide, hydrogen chloride, arsenic (II) oxide (III), selenium, tellurium and metal aerosols: lead, copper, cadmium and zinc. The total concentrations of chemical noxae, generating multicomponent mixtures with one-way effect on the work place, are reckon, and estimation in the Bulgarian Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Health and the Ministry of public health methods. In the same shop is comprised a representative group of workers with paraclinical tests: GOT and GPT activity, content of copper and zinc in blood. The assessment made on the work conditions and the changes already found in the workers lead to a discussion for optimizing the conditions in the new shops for copper production.
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PMID:[Hygienic evaluation and the effects of toxic factors in the work environment of copper-processing plants]. 263 3


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