Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Inspite of its non-inclusion in the prescribed list of food colors, orange II is extensively employed to color a variety of foodstuffs. Oral LD50 value of orange II in both male and female rats was calculated to be more than 10.56 g/kg body weight. In short-term studies, animals were exposed to diets containing 0.0 (control), 0.1, 0.5 or 3.0% (w/w) of orange II, daily for 90 days. Hematological examination revealed a slight decrease in erythrocyte count and hemoglobin content, whereas leucocyte count, PCV, ESR, MCV, MCH and MCHC showed normal values. There was no change in the activities of LDH, GOT, GPT, alkaline/acid phosphatases and bioconstituents, lactic acid, cholesterol and protein in serum as well as in liver, indicating normal functioning of the liver. Histopathological examination of various body organs such as liver, heart, lung, kidney, testes, adrenal, stomach, large and small intestine presented normal appearance. Animals receiving 3.0% orange II showed marked splenomegaly and deposition of Perl's positive iron pigments. Testicular LDH, hyaluronidase and lactic acid did not reveal any deviation from controls, suggesting normal spermatogenic process. No changes in testicular cholesterol, fructose content of coagulating glands and dorso-lateral prostate, and activities of alkaline phosphatase in seminal vesicle and acid phosphatase in ventral prostate support normal androgenic status.
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PMID:Acute and short-term toxicity studies on orange II. 362 8

Using fully mechanized analytical equipment, interference by haemolysis in the determination of 26 clinical chemical parameters was determined quantitatively by adding haemolysate to serum. Haemoglobin concentrations up to 6.6 g/l caused essentially no interference in the following determinations: albumin (immuno-nephelometric), alpha-amylase, calcium, chloride, cholesterol, cholinesterase, creatinine, iron, glucose, glutamate dehydrogenase, uric acid, urea, sodium, inorganic phosphate, total protein, transferrin and triglycerides. In the presence of haemoglobin, erroneously high values were found for: lactate dehydrogenase (haemoglobin higher than 0.2 g/l), aspartate aminotransferase, potassium and acid phosphate (haemoglobin higher than 1.5 g/l), creatine kinase (haemoglobin higher than 2.5 g/l) and alanine aminotransferase (haemoglobin higher than 3.4 g/l). Erroneously low values were found for bilirubin (haemoglobin higher than 0.8 g/l), alkaline phosphatase and albumin (by electrophoresis) (haemoglobin higher than 1.5 g/l) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (haemoglobin higher than 3.0 g/l).
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PMID:Haemolysis as an interference factor in clinical chemistry. 371 97

Liver function has been evaluated in 74 patients (aged 9 months to 19 years) with beta-thalassemia major. They were selected from 212 patients because their transaminase levels were three times higher than normal for over three months. In 36 of these subjects BSF clearance test was performed. In the majority of patients (70%) average GPT serum values were increased (66.33 +/- 35.41 U/L) while only a few of the youngest age group exhibited normal values. The transaminase level showed a direct relationship with age, ferritin level and transfusional iron. Furthermore a direct correlation was found between iron and gamma globulin levels both being related to age. Test for viral hepatitis markers showed that 60% of all the subjects studied had had HBV infection. Twenty-six of the 36 patients who underwent BSF test had normal values in the first part of the clearance curve, 8 others showed moderate changes while only the 2 remaining revealed severe alterations. The second part of the curve was abnormal in 34 and markedly altered in 2 subjects. Mean GPT serum values correlated with the first part of BSF clearance curve and BSF 45' values correlated with transfused iron. Siderosis, fibrosis, chronic inflammatory infiltration and vacuolar degeneration were seen at liver biopsy. Histological findings of chronic aggressive hepatitis were shown in two patients with high transaminase and gammaglobulin levels who had markedly abnormal BSF curve.
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PMID:[Hepatic pathology in beta-thalassemia major]. 372 17

Porphyria was induced in C57BL/10 mice with iron overload by a single oral dose (100 mg/kg) of hexachlorobenzene (HCB). Within 2 weeks hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.37) was inhibited, reaching a maximum (greater than 95%) at 6-8 weeks. There was no recovery by 14 weeks, despite a fall in liver HCB concentrations to only 6% of the day-3 value. The major rise in hepatic porphyrin levels occurred after 4 weeks and secondary inhibition of uroporphyrinogen synthase (EC 4.2.1.75) was inferred from the progressively greater proportion of uroporphyrin I present relative to the III isomer. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) activity was also elevated. Although, in further studies, total microsomal cytochrome P-450 content and ethoxyphenoxazone de-ethylase activity reached a peak a few days after dosing and had declined significantly at the time of maximum inhibition of the decarboxylase, additional treatment of HCB-dosed mice with a cytochrome P1-450 inducer, beta-naphthoflavone, enhanced the inhibition, whereas piperonyl butoxide, an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450, partially protected. Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase was not radiolabelled in vivo by [14C]HCB. There was no major difference in the ability to hydroxylate HCB between hepatic microsomes from induced C57BL/10 mice and those from the insensitive DBA/2 strain. By contrast, lipid peroxidation, in the presence of NADPH, was 8-fold greater in control C57BL/10 microsomes than in DBA/2 microsomes and was stimulated by iron treatment (although not by HCB). The results suggest that the inhibition of hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase is unlikely to be due to a direct effect of a metabolite of HCB but to another process requiring a specific cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme and an unknown iron species.
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PMID:Mechanistic studies of the inhibition of hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in C57BL/10 mice by iron-hexachlorobenzene synergism. 380 Sep 66

Serum levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus, iron, total magnesium, total calcium, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate transaminase, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin and plasma glucose were determined in 49 ostriches (Struthio camelus) kept under semi-extensive conditions.
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PMID:Blood chemical and electrolyte concentrations in the ostrich Struthio camelus. 402 Aug 17

Serum levels of cortisol, sodium, potassium, chloride, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, phosphorus, aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, iron, total magnesium, total calcium, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase were determined in 11 short Cape Mountain Zebra Equus zebra zebra.
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PMID:Blood chemical parameters in shot Cape Mountain Zebra Equus zebra zebra. 407 40

Serum ferritin and hepatic enzyme concentrations were measured in 30 alcoholic subjects. Both the serum ferritin and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) values were raised in 23 subjects and a significant correlation was noted between the two measurements (r = 0,51; P less than 0,01). There was, however, no correlation between the initial serum ferritin concentration and the serum alanine transaminase and serum aspartate transaminase concentrations. The serum ferritin and GGT levels were followed serially during a period of abstinence in 9 subjects; values fell in parallel in all of them. The data indicate that a serum ferritin level above 300 micrograms/l is very unlikely to be the result of alcohol-induced liver damage if the serum GGT value is less than 50 U/l. The combined measurement of serum ferritin and GGT values should therefore prove useful in epidemiological studies concerned with defining the prevalence in different population groups of the HLA-linked iron-loading gene that leads to the clinical disorder of idiopathic haemochromatosis.
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PMID:Effects of heavy alcohol consumption on serum ferritin concentrations. 614 24

The biochemical profile [levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, chlorides and iron, the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the concentrations of total protein, albumin, cholesterol, urea, glucose, and vitamins A and E] was studied in the blood serum of 40 anoestrous and 40 control inseminated animals in a production herd with an increased occurrence of anoestrus in gilts. The anoestrous gilts showed significantly lower levels of albumin (P less than 0.01) and glucose (P less than 0.01) and ALP activity (P less than 0.05), and significantly higher concentrations of urea (P less than 0.01), vitamin A (P less than 0.01) and vitamin E (P less than 0.05) and ALT activity (P less than 0.05), as compared with the inseminated controls. An extended enzymatological examination consisting of the evaluation of the activities of ALP, AST, ALT and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GMT) was performed in another set of 22 anoestrous and 20 mated gilts. The anoestrous gilts showed a statistically significant increase in the activities of AST (P less than 0.01), GMT (P less than 0.01) and ALT (P less than 0.05) and an insignificant increase in the activity of ALP in comparison with the control animals. The comparison of the obtained values of the studied biochemical criteria with literary data indicated a lower concentration of magnesium and a higher ALP and ALT activities in the anoestrous and inseminated gilts in both groups under study. A high acidity of fat and a medium to high fungus infestation (Mucor sp., Aspergillus sp.) were found by chemical and mycological examination of the administered feed mixtures. The histological examination of the ovaries of anoestrous animals showed cystically degenerative changes, proliferations of fibrous elements, and partial atrophy of ovarial cortex. It has been inferred from the observations that mycotoxins may be involved in the increase in the occurrence of anoestrus, either by a direct effect on sexual organs or by impairing the function of liver which, secondarily contributes to the rise of ovarial dysfunctions.
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PMID:[Changes in selected biochemical indicators in blood serum in anestrous gilts]. 640 28

Reference intervals for some clinical chemistry parameters in the marmoset were calculated. The effects of age (250-300 days compared with 500-550 days) and sex on the values found was investigated. Alkaline phosphatase levels decreased with age, young males having higher plasma levels than young females, but no sex differences were discernible for older animals. Levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and sorbitol dehydrogenase were higher in older males than in younger females. Higher plasma iron levels were found in the males with increasing age. Age and sex effects for protein and albumin were interactive and further interpretation was therefore difficult. No significant age or sex effects were seen for cholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase or bilirubin.
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PMID:Reference intervals for some clinical chemical parameters in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): effect of age and sex. 643 Nov 85

The effects of pregnancy and of the onset of lactation on blood composition was studied in 21 Friesian cows. Among the 23 components studied only seven showed significant variations. Serum iron decreased at the end of pregnancy while creatinine increased throughout the last six months. There were decreases in blood glucose, cholesterol and alanine aminotransferase at the end of pregnancy. Triglycerides increased rapidly after drying-off and serum urea increased in the first month after calving.
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PMID:Variations in blood composition in dairy cows during pregnancy and after calving. 650 93


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