Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ceftizoxime (CZX) was evaluated for absorption and excretion as well as for therapeutic effectiveness in neonates and premature infants. The following results were obtained. 1. Serum CZX concentrations were determined in 8 neonates or premature infants who were not more than 6 days old. Serum concentrations of the drug were examined in 6 neonates and/or premature infants after intravenous administration of about 20 mg/kg body weight. Average concentration at 1/2, 2, 4 and 6 hours after administration were 52.3, 36.4, 26.7 and 16.7 micrograms/ml, respectively. Serum concentrations in the other 2 infants who were given 29.7 and 25.1 mg/kg, were as high as 71 and 94 micrograms/ml at 1/2 hour and 22.1 and 39 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, respectively. Serum half-lives in 5 of the 6 mature neonates ranged from 2.36 to 3.34 hours, with averaged 2.75 hours, but was exceptionally long, 7.92 hours, in the other one. Half-lives in the 2 premature infants were 4.14 and 4.90 hours. 2. The therapeutic effectiveness on bacterial infection was evaluated for 10 newborn infants. Intravenous doses of 16.9 to 24.6 mg/kg were given in b.i.d. or t.i.d. regimen to 4 cases with pneumonia and 2 with septicemia, urinary tract infection and fetal infection each. To 1 infant with septicemia complicated with cephalohematoma, higher doses ranged from 21.8 to 49.8 mg/kg were given t.i.d. or q.i.d. Therapeutic efficacies were assessed as "Excellent" in 3, "Good" in 6, and "Poor" in 1, with an efficacy rate of 90.0%. Eradication of bacteria was complete in 2 infants each with Escherichia coli-induced septicemia or urinary tract infection. 3. For prophylactic use, the drug was given to 8 newborn infants in intravenous doses of 17.5 to 29.1 mg/kg b.i.d. or t.i.d. and no infection occurred in 7 cases. 4. No adverse reactions were obtained. Slight and transient increases in platelet count, GOT and GPT in 1 case and eosinophilia in another were observed. 5. These results suggested that CZX in an intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg b.i.d. or t.i.d. regimen in newborn infants up to 7 days of age would be effective and safe for the treatment of neonatal bacterial infections.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime in neonates and premature infants]. 317 67

Ceftizoxime (CZX) was used for 33 patients with respiratory tract infections; 22 patients with pneumonia, 3 patients with pulmonary abscess, 4 patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis and 4 patients with acute exacerbation of bronchiectasia. Clinical effects of CZX were evaluated in 33 patients; excellent in 16 and good in 14 patients. The efficacy rate was 91%. Bacteriological effects of CZX were prominent in 7 patients infected with S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae and Citrobacter, but not in a patient infected with P. aeruginosa. The elimination rate was 92% (12/13). As the side effects, exanthema in 1 patient and gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea and vomiting) in 1 patient were observed. However, they improved without any treatment by cessation of CZX use. Abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 2 patients with elevated GOT and/or GPT. They normalized after cessation of drug. The usefulness of CZX was 82% (27/33). Therefore, CZX is a very useful drug and its effects are promising in clinical management of respiratory tract infections.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of ceftizoxime in the treatment of respiratory tract infections]. 386 81

Ceftizoxime suppositories (CZX-S), containing 250 mg or 125 mg of CZX, were given to 6 children, 4 with acute bronchopneumonia and 2 with acute pharyngobronchitis, who were not suited to treatment with injectable or oral form of the drug. The clinical response was "good" in all the children and the causative organisms were eradicated in 2 children (H. influenzae or S. aureus). Adverse reactions consisted of 1 case each of diarrhea and transiently increased GPT. In conclusion, CZX-S proved to be highly effective in the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical experience with ceftizoxime suppositories in pediatrics]. 386 87

Ceftizoxime (CZX) was given clinically to 80 patients with urogenital tract infections, in which 34 cases of complicated UTI satisfied the criteria of the UTI committee. CZX was administered for at least five days at a daily dose of 1 to 4 g in two divided doses by intravenous drip infusion. The overall clinical efficacy of CZX in 34 cases of complicated UTI was 59%, estimated by the criteria of the UTI committee. The overall clinical efficacy rate according to group of infection was: 64% for the 11 patients in the 1st group, 56% for the 9 patients in the 2nd group, 100% for the 5 patients in the 3rd group, 50% for the 4 patients in the 4th group and 20% for the 5 patients in the 5th group. No serious side effects were observed in the clinical or laboratory findings except for slight elevation in GOT & GPT values in two cases (2.5%), which returned to normal after CZX treatment. It is therefore suggested that CZX is a clinically useful and safe drug in the treatment of complicated UTI.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections]. 609 79

Clinical studies on ceftizoxime, a new cephalosporin, were carried out in our department. The following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of ceftizoxime against 7 strains of E. coli, 6 strains of Klebsiella, 6 strains of H. influenzae, 7 strains of E. cloacae and 10 strains of S. aureus, recently isolated from patients, was compared with that of cefotiam, cefmetazole and cefazolin. Ceftizoxime was more active than the other antibiotics against E. coli, Klebsiella, H. influenzae and E. cloacae, but less active against S. aureus. 2. Urinary excretion. Urinary excretion was measured in 2 cases with normal renal function after dosing with 750 mg (35 mg/kg) and 350 mg (17 mg/kg) of ceftizoxime by intravenous injections. Urinary recovery rates within 6 hours were 97% and 82% respectively. 3. Clinical study. Eighteen children with the following bacterial infections were treated with ceftizoxime; respiratory tract infection (13), acute otitis media (1), acute intervertebral chondritis and tonsillitis (1), chronic cystitis (1), subcutaneous abscess (1) and chronic bacteremia (1). The dosage was 69--147 mg/kg q.i.d. by intravenous injection. The duration of administration was from 3 to 32 days. The clinical results were excellent in 4 cases, good in 13 cases and fair in 1 case of chronic bacteremia. The overall effectiveness rate was 94%. Slight elevation of GPT in 1 case and leukopenia (neutropenia) in 1 case were observed, but returned to the normal range immediately after discontinuation of dosing. It is considered that ceftizoxime is one of the useful first choice antibiotics used for children with bacterial infections.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical studies on ceftizoxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 627 3

Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of ceftizoxime (CZX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, were investigated and following results were obtained. 1) Ceftizoxime was given by intravenous injection or drip infusion for 1 hour at a single dose of 30 mg/kg. After intravenous injection, the mean peak serum level of 3 children was 95.9 mcg/ml at 15 minutes and half-life time was 1.18 hours. After 1 hour drip infusion, the mean peak serum level of 3 children was 79.5 mcg/ml at the end of infusion and half-life time was 1.20 hours. The urinary level was high and the mean urinary recovery rate was 69.6% and 63.4% up to 6 hours after intravenous injection and 1 hour drip infusion, respectively. 2) CZX was administered in dose of 39--76 mg/kg to 7 pediatric patients (4 cases of purulent meningitis, 2 of septicemia with purulent meningitis, and 1 of aseptic meningitis) by a single intravenous injection. In patients with purulent meningitis, passage into the cerebrospinal fluid was relatively as good as 30% of serum level at the same time in the presence of remarkable signs of inflammation, but poor in cases of mild inflammation or aseptic meningitis. 3) Cerebral puncture fluid level in 1 patient with cerebral abscess was as good as 65.5% of serum level at the same time. 4) CZX was given to 28 cases of respiratory tract infection, 1 of tonsillitis with otitis media, 6 of scarlet fever, 1 each of maxillary sinusitis and bacterial endocarditis, 6 of purulent meningitis, 2 of septicemia, 5 of septicemia suspected, 2 of septicemia with purulent meningitis, 1 each of osteomyelitis, typhoid fever, peritonitis and biliary tract infection, 16 of urinary tract infection, 14 of skin and soft tissue infection, and 1 of external otitis, totaling 87 cases. The mean daily dose of 101.6 mg/kg was administered for an average of 10 days mainly by intravenous injection 4 times daily. Clinical results obtained were excellent in 34 cases, and good in 46. Bacteriological effectiveness rate was 100%. As for side effects, fever, fever with rash, fever with cough and diarrhea appeared in 1 each case out of 182 cases including 95 drop out cases. As for laboratory findings, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, elevation of GOT, that of GOT with GPT, and that of GOT with LDH appeared in 10, 2, 2, 3 and 1 cases, respectively.
 ...
PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of ceftizoxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 627 4

Experimental and clinical trials were carried out with ceftizoxime in pediatric infections. Results were as follows. 1. The antibacterial activity of ceftizoxime against clinically isolated organisms was determined. Ceftizoxime was more active than cefazolin, cefotiam and cefmetazole against K. pneumoniae, E. coli and H. influenzae. 2. The serum concentrations of ceftizoxime following intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg were 16.2, 10.1, 6.2, 1.8 micrograms/ml at 30, 60, 120, 240 minutes after injection, respectively. Ceftizoxime was excreted with the rate of 97.2% in the 6-hour urine after injection. 3. Twenty-one patients comprising 5 with urinary tract infection, 16 with respiratory tract infection were received ceftizoxime at the doses ranging from 32 to 109 mg/kg divided 3 or 4 times a day. The results were excellent in 8 and good in 13 patients. The rate of satisfactory clinical response was 100%. 4. Slight and transient elevation of GPT was observed in 1 patient. Other side effects were not observed in any of these 21 patients.
 ...
PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of ceftizoxime in pediatric infections (author's transl)]. 627 6

Fundamental and clinical studies of ceftizoxime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, in children led to the following results. 1. Ceftizoxime compared favorably with cefazolin (CEZ) and cefmetazole (CMZ) for in vitro activity against clinically isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus (31 strains), Escherichia coli (29), Klebsiella pneumoniae (30) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16). While somewhat less active against S. aureus than CEZ and CMZ, ceftizoxime was far more active than these 2 cephalosporin antibiotics against the test strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae, which included strains resistant to the 2 drugs. Ceftizoxime was not particularly active against Ps. aeruginosa, but this seeming disadvantage was offset by the absolute ineffectiveness of the 2 reference drugs on this obstinate organism. 2. The time course of mean serum ceftizoxime levels in 3 pediatric patients of 5--10 years old given a single intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg was as follows: 45.4 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 40.4 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 22.1 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 10.4 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 2.9 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 0.9 microgram/ml at 6 hours. The mean serum half life was 1.12 hours. The mean urinary levels of ceftizoxime at serial 2-hour collection intervals were as follows: 2,477 micrograms/ml for 1--2 hours, 1,235 micrograms/ml for 2--4 hours and 462 micrograms/ml for 4--6 hours. The mean urinary recovery up to 6 hours was 61.0%. 3. The clinical response of 28 children with infection to ceftizoxime treatment was 'excellent' in 22 children, 'good' in 4, and 'poor' in 2. These children comprised 11 with acute pneumonia, 3 with acute bronchitis, 4 with acute pyelonephritis, 2 each with acute purulent arthritis and acute enterocolitis, and 1 each with acute purulent tonsillitis, acute purulent lymphadenitis, furunculosis, subcutaneous abscess, subdural abscess and sepsis. The overall rate of effectiveness was 92.9%. Successfully eradicated strains in the bacteriological sense consisted of 4 strains each of H. influenzae and E. coli, 1 strain each of P. morganii, S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes, 1 of the 2 strains of S. enteritidis, and 1 of the 3 strains of S. aureus. The overall rate of bacteriological effectiveness was 81.3%. No clinical side effects were observed. Changes in laboratory test findings included slightly and transiently elevated GOT and GPT in 1 child and GOT alone in another child.
 ...
PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on ceftizoxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 627 13

Ceftizoxime was tried in children with various infections and the following results were obtained. 1) Serum levels and urinary recovery of ceftizoxime were studied in 6 patients aged from 6 to 10 years. After intravenous bolus injection of 20 mg/kg, the mean serum concentrations were 113.9 micrograms/ml, 47.6 micrograms/ml, 31.8 micrograms/ml, 18.5 micrograms/ml, 6.3 micrograms/ml and 2.1 micrograms/ml at 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours and 6 hours, respectively. The average urinary recovery rates of ceftizoxime were 55.1%, 90.9% and 98.3% at 2 hours, 4 hours and 6 hours after the administration, respectively. 2) The therapeutic efficacy was excellent in 11, good in 9 and poor in 2 patients, the efficacy rate being 91%. 3) As for the side effects, elevation of S-GOT and S-GPT, and drug fever were observed in 1 case, but disappeared soon after discontinuation of the therapy.
 ...
PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on ceftizoxime (author's transl)]. 627 17

Ceftizoxime (CZX) and latamoxef (LMOX), new synthetic cephems, are stable against various types of beta-lactamase and highly active against Gram-negative rods, such as H. influenzae, Serratia, Enterobacter and indole (+) Proteus. In this study, we evaluated clinical effects of CZX and LMOX in the clinical management of infections in acute leukemia. Sixteen episodes of infections were treated with CZX or LMOX. Four causative organisms, P. aeruginosa, S. faecalis, K. pneumoniae and A. faecalis, were identified in 2 episodes of infections. Clinical effects were recognized at 75% in 8 episodes treated with CZX and at 71% in 7 episodes treated with LMOX, respectively. The transient evaluation of GOT, GPT and Al-P, recognized in several cases. In conclusion, the clinical effects of CZX and LMOX are promised in clinical management of infections in acute leukemia.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical effects of ceftizoxime and latamoxef on infections in acute leukemia]. 631 9


1