Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical efficacy of combination therapy using Cefoxitin (CFX) and Amikacin (AMK) was studied in 19 patients with complicated urinary tract infections. Patients received 2 g of CFX i.v. and 100 mg of AMK i.m. twice a day. The overall clinical efficacy of treatment was evaluated by the criteria proposed by the UTI Committee, Japan, as excellent, moderate or poor. The overall clinical efficacy was excellent in 89%, moderate in 5% and poor in 5% of the patients. Of the 21 strains isolated from the patients, 20 strains (95%) were eradicated. No subjective side effects were observed. Drug-related aggravation in laboratory tests were observed slight elevations of glutomic-oxalacefic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and alkaliphosphatase in 2 cases, but all of them were minimal and reversible. Underlying condition-related aggravation was observed a slight elevation of BUN and creatinine clearance in 1 case. These results suggest that the combination therapy with CFX and AMK might be useful in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of combination therapy with cefoxitin and amikacin in complicated urinary tract infections]. 356 92

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a newly semisynthesized cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics and the following results were obtained. Antibacterial activities of CZON against clinically isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and H. influenzae were compared with those of cefmenoxime (CMX), latamoxef (LMOX), cefoperazone (CPZ), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefotiam (CTM) and cefazolin (CEZ). CZON was nearly as active as CEZ against S. aureus and S. epidermidis and superior to other antibiotics against other Gram-positive cocci. Against Gram-negative rods, CZON was as active as CMX and superior to other 5 antibiotics compared. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates after intravenous bolus injection of CZON at doses of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg for 5 minutes in 1, 5 and 4 cases, respectively, were determined. Mean serum concentrations of CZON at these dose levels were 11.0, 43.8 and 111.5 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 2.4, 10.3 and 30.3 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and 0.17, 0.72 and 1.28 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, with serum half-lives of 1.79, 0.88 and 1.19 hours, respectively. Mean cumulative urinary excretion rates within 6 hours after administration were 47.9, 56.3 and 40.3%, respectively. Thirty-four pediatric patients with various bacterial infections (tonsillitis 2, acute bronchitis 1, pneumonia 14, pyothorax 1, sepsis 1, suppurative lymphadenitis 1, UTI 13 and enteritis 1) were treated with CZON at a daily dose of 40-94 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d.. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 94.1%. No adverse reactions were observed except 2 cases with mild diarrhea. Abnormal laboratory findings were also mild; slight elevation of GOT and GPT in 2, eosinophilia in 1 and thrombocytosis in 1. These results clearly indicate the usefulness of CZON in the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on cefuzonam in the field of pediatrics]. 359 89

Clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime suppository (CZX-S), a new antibiotic rectal suppository, was performed in 5 cases with bacterial infections in pediatric field (2 with acute bronchitis, 1 with acute tonsillitis, UTI and pertussis, respectively) and the following results were obtained; Blood levels of CZX at 10-20 minutes after administration of CZX-S at a dose of 10.0-26.3 mg/kg in 5 cases were 3.26-23.3 micrograms/ml and the urinary excretion rates within 6 hours were 15.2, 60.1, 60.2% in 3 of 5 cases measured respectively. Clinical effects were excellent in 3 and good in 2 cases. Slight elevation of GOT and GPT was observed in 1 case. No other side effects were observed. The patients' tolerability against rectal suppository was good. From the above results, we concluded that CZX-S is useful for treating the pediatric patients with various infections.
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PMID:[The clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime suppositories in the pediatric field]. 386 83

A fundamental and clinical study of ceftizoxime (CZX) suppositories was performed in pre-school and school-age children. The average time courses of CZX serum and urinary concentrations after administration of CZX suppository 250 mg (i.e. per kg body weight doses of 8.3-10.9 mg) to 4 school-age children were as follows. Serum concentrations: 6.1 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 6.3 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 3.8 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 1.7 microgram/ml at 2 hours, 0.5 microgram/ml at 4 hours and 0.2 microgram/ml at 6 hours with a biological half-life of 1.43 hours. Urinary concentrations: 885 micrograms/ml for 0-2 hours, 209 micrograms/ml for 2-4 hours and 112 micrograms/ml for 4-6 hours with an average 6-hour urinary recovery rate of 25.6%. The clinical and biological effectiveness and adverse reactions were studied in 11 infants and school-age children afflicted with various infections (acute purulent tonsillitis, 1; acute bronchitis, 3; acute pneumonia, 4; and UTI, 3). The clinical responsiveness was "excellent" in 8, "good" in 2, and "failure" was recorded in 1, with an overall efficacy of 90.9% inclusive of "excellent" and "good". The microbiological effectiveness of CZX suppositories on presumed pathogenic organisms comprising 4 strains of H. influenzae, 1 strain of H. parainfluenzae, and 3 strains of E. coli was satisfactory, as evidenced by the substantially high eradication rate of 87.5%. The only organism that survived CZX suppository treatment was 1 strain of H. influenzae which however was greatly decreased. The only side effect was diarrhea in 1 patient, which however did not necessitate withdrawal of the drug. The only laboratory test abnormality was GOT and GPT elevation in 1 patient which was normalized within 8 days. In conclusion, CZX suppositories were found to be efficacious and safe for treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of ceftizoxime suppositories in respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections in children]. 386 84

The clinical effectiveness of a new synthetic pyridoncarboxylic acid derivative, norfloxacin (NFLX: Baccidal) was studied in the urological field. NFLX was given clinically to 50 patients with urogenital tract infections; 40 cases were acute simple cystitis and 10 cases were complicated UTI satisfied the criteria of the UTI committee. Thirty two bacterial strains were isolated from the group of acute simple cystitis and 10 bacterial strains were isolated from the group of complicated UTI. Susceptibility of NFLX by the method of distribution and disk sensitivity was 97% in the former group and 89% in the latter group. The overall clinical efficacy rate estimated by the criteria of the UTI committee in 32 cases with acute simple cystitis was 97% and in 10 cases with complicated UTI was 60%. The incidence of side effect was 8.0% (4/50). All of these side effects which were nausea, abdominal fullness and headache may be attributable to the administration of NFLX. No abnormal laboratory findings were observed except for elevation in GOT and GPT values in 1 case (4.0%), which returned to normal after NFLX treatment. Therefore NFLX is suggested to be a clinically useful and safe drug in the treatment of UTI.
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PMID:[Clinical experience of norfloxacin (Baccidal) in the urological field]. 408 23

Sulbactam, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, in combination with cefoperazone was administered to 18 pediatric patients, 7 months to 10 years 6 months of age, at a daily dose of 56-320 mg/kg divided into 4 times by intravenous bolus infusion for 3 to 11 days, and the sum of 2.6-74.0 g of the drug was given. A total of 18 cases comprised 8 with RTI, 1 with gastric tract infection, 4 with UTI and 5 with sepsis (suspected). Clinical efficacy was excellent in 10 cases, good in 3 cases, fair in 1 case and poor in 4 cases, and efficacy rate was 72.2%. Out of 8 strains (1 of S. aureus, 1 of P. aeruginosa, 1 of Salmonella subgenus I, 2 of E. coli, 2 of P. mirabilis and 1 of K. pneumoniae), possible causative organisms isolated before the treatment, 6 strains were disappeared, 1 strain of K. pneumoniae persisted, and 1 strain of P. aeruginosa was replaced by S. aureus. Diarrhea was noted in 1 case as subjective side effect, and as abnormal laboratory findings, GOT and GPT elevations in 1 case, GPT elevation in 1 case and eosinophil elevation in 1 case were observed.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on sulbactam/cefoperazone in the pediatric field]. 609 61

Ceftizoxime (CZX) was given clinically to 80 patients with urogenital tract infections, in which 34 cases of complicated UTI satisfied the criteria of the UTI committee. CZX was administered for at least five days at a daily dose of 1 to 4 g in two divided doses by intravenous drip infusion. The overall clinical efficacy of CZX in 34 cases of complicated UTI was 59%, estimated by the criteria of the UTI committee. The overall clinical efficacy rate according to group of infection was: 64% for the 11 patients in the 1st group, 56% for the 9 patients in the 2nd group, 100% for the 5 patients in the 3rd group, 50% for the 4 patients in the 4th group and 20% for the 5 patients in the 5th group. No serious side effects were observed in the clinical or laboratory findings except for slight elevation in GOT & GPT values in two cases (2.5%), which returned to normal after CZX treatment. It is therefore suggested that CZX is a clinically useful and safe drug in the treatment of complicated UTI.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections]. 609 79

In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pivmecillinam (melysin tablet, PMPC), PMPC was administered to 78 chronic UTI cases in the field of obstetrics and gynecology (posthysterectomy infection, chronic cystitis, chronic pyelonephritis and etc.). In principle, daily 400 mg of PMPC was administered for 2 weeks. (1) Overall clinical efficacy judged by doctor was evaluated in 78 cases and the result was; excellent in 17, good in 37, fair in 10, poor in 13 and unknown in 1 case with the effectiveness rate of 69.2%. (2) Overall clinical efficacy judged by 'criteria for clinical evaluation in complicated UTI' recommended by UTI study member was evaluated in 54 cases and the result was; excellent in 15, good in 20 and poor in 19 cases with the overall efficacy rate of 64.8%, the result of which was similar to that of doctor's judgement. (3) Efficacy on pyuria was evaluated in 72 cases and it was cleared in 27, decreased in 25, unchanged in 20 and unknown in 6 cases. Efficacy on bacteriuria was evaluated in 72 cases and it was eliminated in 44, decreased in 9, replaced in 8, unchanged in 8 and unknown in 9 cases. (4) Side effect, considered by doctors to be caused by PMPC administration, was noticed in 3 out of 78 cases (3.8%), all of which was mild gastrointestinal disturbance and the administration of PMPC was continued. Abnormal change of laboratory finding considered by doctors to be caused by PMPC administration was noticed in 1 out of 78 cases, which was slight elevation of GOT and GPT values. It is therefore considered that PMPC appear to be useful drug for the maintenance therapy of chronic UTI in the field of obstetrics and gynecology.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of pivmecillinam in the maintenance therapy of chronic urinary tract infection (author's transl)]. 627 86

As a result of conducting experimental and clinical tests with the newly developed cephalosporin, cefoperazone (CPZ), the following conclusions were obtained: (1) When tested against 10 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 16 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, the antibacterial activity of CPZ was found to be weaker than that of CEZ. Against 5 strains of A-beta-Streptococcus and 4 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, both CPZ and CEZ exhibited similar excellent antibacterial activity. CPZ was effective against 18 strains of Escherichia coli though its activity was influenced by the amount of inoculated bacteria present. Against 15 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 10 strains of Haemophilus parahaemolyticus, CPZ was found to be more effective than CEZ though several high-resistant strains were noted. CPZ also showed more excellent antibacterial activity than CEZ against 4 strains of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 5 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 8 strains of Salmonella sp., 4 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 4 strains of Proteus sp. (2) The mean half-life in the blood following intravenous injections of 25 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of CPZ to three children was 70 minutes. (3) One hour after intravenous injection of 25 mg/kg of CPZ to 3 cases of aseptic meningitis, drug concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was 1.20 mcg/ml, less than 0.39 mcg/ml and 1.55 mcg/ml. In one case, the CSF/serum ratio was 2.7%. (4) The average recovery rate in the urine of children who had received intravenous administrations of 25 mg/kg (3 children) and 10 mg/kg (1 child) was 17.8% between 0 and 6 hours. (5) Eighteen pediatric patients received CPZ in doses ranging from 48 to 170 mg/kg divided three-four times a day. They were RTI in 7, URI in 5, UTI in 5, SSSS in 1 and enteritis in 1 children. The clinical effectiveness of CPZ was judged to be remarkedly effective in 11 children, effective in 5 children and ineffective in 3 children, with an overall effective rate of 84.2%. One patient of tonsillitis combined sinusitis was considered 2 cases. The three cases in which the drug was found to e ineffective were 2 cases of pyothorax and 1 case of sinusitis. (6) Side effects were 1 case of eosinophilia, 2 cases of elevation of GOT and GPT, and 1 case of mild elevation of GOT. All were considered to be minor.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefoperazone in children (author's transl)]. 645 30

Clinical efficacy of Cefmetazole was evaluated at four university hospitals and their related hospitals in Nagoya. For the treatment of urinary tract infections with or without complications, 177 patients were administered Cefmetazole. Of these patients, 69 had chronic complicated urinary tract infection defined in the UTI manual and 20 had simple acute pyelonephritis. The other urological infections for which Cefmetazole was administered included prostatitis, epididymitis, urosepsis and wound infections. Fifty four patients were given Cefmetazole intravenously after urological operation to prevent wound and urinary tract infections. The overall clinical efficacy of Cefmetazole for UTI was 76.8%; 84.4% for group 1, 85.7% for group 3, 75% for group 4, 44.4% for group 5 and 66.6% for group 6. In acute pyelonephritis due to E. coli, Klebsiella, Serratia, S. aureus, alpha-Streptococcus and S. epidermidis all patients were cured by Cefmetazole administration. Clinical efficacy of Cefmetazole was assessed to be excellent in 6 cases of prostatitis and 6 cases of acute epididymitis. E. Coli, Serratia and some organisms disappeared from blood after the administration of Cefmetazole but Pseudomonas persisted even after treatment. Postoperative administration of Cefmetazole was effective for eradication of bacteria from the urine in 26 out of 30 patients and in prevention of infection in 24 cases. After the administration of Cefmetazole skin eruption was observed in one patient and nausea in another. Slight elevation of GOT, GPT and total bilirubin was noted in 3 of the 177 patients after medication.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefmetazole in urological infections]. 658 64


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