Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The concentrations of human plasma albumin (HPA) and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) were measured in the serum obtained from 84 healthy subjects, 56 umbilical cords, 41 patients with renal failure, 65 patients maintained on chronic hemodialysis and 46 patients with liver cirrhosis. Severity of liver dysfunction was assessed with the use of Pugh et al. [1973] classification. Of the cirrhotic patients, 12, 22 and 12 patients were classified as mild, moderate and severe liver dysfunction, respectively. The coefficient of variation of AAG was greater than HPA in all groups of subjects, and the variability of HPA and AAG is increased in patients compared to healthy subjects. As the liver dysfunction progresses, HPA concentration decreases whereas, the average AAG concentration is not changed in mild, moderate and severe liver dysfunction. The coefficients of variation for HPA and AAG in moderate and severe liver disease is over twice those for healthy subjects. The concentration of HPA is normally distributed in all groups of subjects, with the exception of the cord serum. The frequency distribution of AAG was normal in healthy subjects whereas, it was asymmetric, being positively skewed, in newborn, in renal and liver patients. The wide interindividual variability and the not-normal frequency distribution of AAG in liver or renal patients make its mean of little value in defining a group. Neither HPA nor AAG correlated with the clearance of creatinine in renal patients. In liver disease, HPA and AAG did not correlate with GPT and GOT activities, prothrombinic activity and bilirubin concentration. HPA did not correlate with AAG in any group.
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PMID:Interindividual variability in the concentrations of albumin and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein in patients with renal or liver disease, newborns and healthy subjects: implications for binding of drugs. 157 57

Curcumin, the active principle of turmeric, is known to act as an anti-oxidant, anti-mutagen and anti-carcinogen in experimental animals. In the present study, anti-mutagenic effects of turmeric were assessed in 16 chronic smokers. It was observed that turmeric, given in doses of 1.5 g/day for 30 days, significantly reduced the urinary excretion of mutagens in smokers. In contrast, in six non-smokers, who served as control, there was no change in the urinary excretion of mutagens after 30 days. Turmeric had no significant effect on serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, blood glucose, creatinine and lipid profile. These results indicate that dietary turmeric is an effective anti-mutagen and it may be useful in chemoprevention.
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PMID:Effect of turmeric on urinary mutagens in smokers. 157 64

Egyptian scorpion venom was collected by electrical stimulation of the telson. Rats were injected with the lyophilized venom in 3 different doses (100, 200 and 400 micrograms/kg). Blood samples were drawn by heart puncture before and 4 h after venom administration. Serum was separated and collected for determination of glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, uric acid (UA), total proteins, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT), lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase (CPK). Serum glucose, creatinine, GOT, GPT and LDH were increased significantly in all treatments. At the same time serum BUN and CPK were elevated significantly with a dose-response relationship. On the other hand, serum total proteins, uric acid, cholesterol, calcium and potassium were significantly decreased 4 h after administration of the 3 doses. These changes in clinical chemistry parameters are most probably related to the toxic effect of the venom on the target organs.
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PMID:Effect of scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus (H&E) venom on the clinical chemistry parameters of the rat. 160 45

To investigate clinical effects of rice bran fiber and cholestyramine therapy in Yusho, peripheral blood cells and biochemical parameters were studied before and after therapy in eleven healthy volunteers and four patients with Yusho who were treated with rice bran fiber 30 g/day and cholestyramine 12 g/day for 7 days. In healthy volunteers, a significant elevation in total leukocyte counts as well as lymphocyte counts was observed after therapy (leukocyte p less than 0.005, and lymphocyte, p less than 0.01). In lymphocyte subpopulations, significant elevations were found in CD3- and B1-positive cells (CD3, p less than 0.05 and B1, p less than 0.001). However, no significant effect of the treatment was observed in reticulocyte counts or platelet counts. In biochemical parameters, total cholesterol levels decreased significantly, from 208 +/- 36 mg/dl (mean +/- SD) to 173 +/- 30 mg/dl (p less than 0.001), after therapy. HDL-cholesterol levels were also reduced significantly after therapy (from 50 +/- 12 to 46 +/- 13/mg/dl; p less than 0.05). Serum triglyceride levels increased significantly, from 155 +/- 96 to 195 +/- 133 mg/dl (p less than 0.05), after therapy. A significant increase was observed in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, while significant depressions were found in serum levels of total bilirubin, total protein, gamma-globulin, creatinine, and calcium. In four Yusho patients who received rice bran fiber and cholestyramine therapy twice with more than one month interval, the clinical effects of therapy in addition to biochemical effects were studied. An only significant effect was observed in serum levels of total cholesterol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effects of rice bran fiber and cholestyramine on peripheral blood cells and biochemical parameters in Yusho]. 165

Serum samples from 254 wild-caught Aotus nancymai were analyzed to determine the reference intervals for serum chemistry parameters in this species. Findings show values of total bilirubin, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, urea nitrogen, serum albumin, and gamma glutamic transpeptidase having a non-normal distribution. Based on nonparametric tests, significant differences between male and female values were observed for cholesterol, serum calcium, and gamma glutamic transpeptidase. Males were significantly heavier than females. The reference intervals presented were estimated by the nonparametric percentile method.
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PMID:Serum chemistry of the wild caught karyotype I night monkey (Aotus nancymai). 165 42

1. The hematology and blood chemistry of 10 captive adult Ara rubrogenys is described. 2. They showed 3,650,000 erythrocytes/mm3, a hematocrit of 49.9% and a blood hemoglobin content of 15.2 g/100 ml. 3. Leukocyte number was 10,000 cells/mm3, the differential counts being 42.2% heterophils, 0.8% eosinophils, 2.4% basophils, 49.9% lymphocytes and 4.5% monocytes. 4. The number of thrombocytes was 21,800 cells/mm3. 5. Plasma composition was (mg/100 ml): glucose 295; triglycerides 102; cholesterol 166; urea 5.8; uric acid 5; creatinine 0.3; bilirubin was not detected and total protein concentration was 3.2 g/100 ml. Enzymatic activities were (units/1): GOT 188; GPT 10 and alkaline phosphatase 315.
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PMID:Hematology and blood chemistry of macaws, Ara rubrogenys. 168 90

According to the data obtained from the fundamental investigations using flow cytometry we designed the schedule of combination chemotherapy for solid cancer patients and we tried this therapy on 25 patients with non-curative, unresectable and recurrent cancers: 9 gastric, 5 colo-rectal, 3 esophageal, 3 pancreatic, 2 gall bladder, 2 lung and 1 breast cancer. The treatment was performed every 3 or 4 weeks as follows: CDDP 70 mg/m2 (d.i.), PEP 4 mg/m2 (i.v.) and MMC 4 mg/m2 (i.v.) on day 1, ADM 15 mg/m2 (i.v.) on day 4, and 5-Fu 250 mg/body (d.i.) every day. Among 22 patients evaluated completely, 1 complete response, 9 partial responses, 11 no changes, 1 progressive disease were obtained. The overall response rate was 45%. From the comparison of survival curves, survival rate was significantly better in patients responded to this therapy than in patients who did not respond to it (p less than 0.05). As for side effects, myelosuppression occurred in 19 patients (86%), increase of BUN and/or creatinine were observed in 3 patients (14%), increase of GOT and/or GPT were seen in 10 patients (45%), gastrointestinal symptoms and alopecia were observed in almost all patients, but all of these toxicity were transient and did not impede the continuous treatment.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy for advanced and recurrent cancer patients--the effect of combination chemotherapy using cisplatin, peplomycin, mitomycin C, adriamycin, and 5-fluorouracil]. 170 39

In order to study the effects of high energy shock wave exposure on the kidney in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) using Dornier HM3, renal hemodynamics and renal function before and after ESWL were analyzed by 99mTc-DTPA renoscintigraphy. Various urinary enzyme activities (LDH, GOT, GPT, NAG, gamma-GTP) and low molecular protein concentrations (alpha 1-microglobulin, beta 2-microglobulin) before and after ESWL were also compared. In the early phase of the renoscinitgram obtained in the 1st min after injection of 99mTc-DTPA, the time required to reach maximum radioactivity was significantly prolonged after ESWL in both the affected and contralateral kidney. This indicated that renal blood flow decreased in both the affected and contralateral kidney immediately after ESWL. An analysis of the 30-min renoscintigram showed that urinary clearance was delayed in the affected kidney in spite of no overt obstruction due to stone fragments. As for urinary enzyme activities and low molecular protein concentrations, they were standardized by urinary creatinine concentration measured at the same time. Urinary LDH, GOT, GPT and NAG activities remarkably increased on the day of ESWL followed by a decrease close to pretreatment levels on the 4th day, though these levels were still significantly higher than pretreatment levels. Urinary gamma-GPT activity was significantly higher than the pretreatment level only on the day of ESWL. Urinary alpha 1-microglobulin and beta 2-microglobulin concentrations significantly increased on the day of ESWL and were still high on the 4th day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of high energy shock wave exposure on renal function during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for kidney stones. 170 28

Laboratory studies are an essential aspect in the management of children with grave diseases, helping to plan the therapeutic measures and to identify the disease. The most acute syndromes in pediatric emergency care are: coma, convulsions, dehydration, metabolic disequilibrium, hypovolemic or anaphylactic shock, a grave infection, chemical or drug poisoning. The laboratory tests that should be available within few minutes are blood cell count, blood and gas analysis, sodium, potassium, calcium, glucose measurements. The results of total proteins, serum creatinine and urea measurements, bleeding tests, analysis of blood smear, sedimentation rate, ALT, AST, osmolality, urinary electrolytes, creatinine and cerebrospinal fluid examinations should be available within sixty min. New accurate and rapid techniques and instruments facilitate the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to pediatric emergency.
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PMID:[A rapid response laboratory in a pediatric clinic]. 172 94

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of acute 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) intoxication (0.6 g/kg, po) on lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, amylase, creatinine, glucose, total protein and albumin levels in rats. Serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and creatinine increased from 1- to 4-fold at 5, 8 and 24 h after 2,4-D administration, whereas serum levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase were higher only at 8 and 24 h. Amylase levels were only increased 8 h after administration of 2,4-D and then returned to normal levels. In contrast, 2,4-D reduced the serum levels of glucose and total protein 5, 8 and 24 h and serum albumin levels 5 h after herbicide intoxication. Thus, acute intoxication with 2,4-D disrupts serum levels of several enzymes and components which are considered to be indicators of tissue injury. Most likely these alterations mainly reflect hepatic and muscle tissue damage induced by the herbicide, but significant pancreatic and kidney toxicity may also have occurred.
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PMID:Effects of acute 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid intoxication on some rat serum components and enzyme activities. 172 51


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