Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study presents the results of an examination of 3 blood-group systems (ABO, Rhesus, and P1) and erythrocyte enzymes (ADA, AK, ALADH, PGD, SAHH, PGM1, PGM3, GPT, GOT, ACP, UMPK, ESD and GLO) in populations that reside in R. Macedonia. Four population samples from the Republic of Macedonia (129 Macedonians from Skopje, 98 Albanians from Skopje, 95 Aromanians from Krusevo, 102 Aromanians from Stip) were included in the study. A comparison of the obtained results with data from literature on other Balkan populations has been made. The results of the comparison of the studied alleles indicate relatively small genetic distances among the studied populations. The obtained dendrograms indicate a larger homogeneity in the large Balkan populations, and a manifest trend of separating the Aromanian population of the Stip region. A larger separation is characteristic in the Greek population of Thrace.
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PMID:Genetic polymorphism of blood groups and erythrocytes enzymes in population groups of the Republic of Macedonia. 1835 78

Bacillus circulans PB7, isolated from the intestine of Catla catla, was evaluated for use as a probiotic supplement in the feeds for the fingerlings of Catla catla. The effect of supplement on the growth performance, feed utilization efficiency, and immune response was evaluated. Catla fingerlings (ave. wt. 6.48 +/- 0.43 g) were fed diets supplemented with 2 x 10(4) (feed C1), 2 x 10(5) (feed C2), and 2 x 10(6) (feed C3) B. circulans PB 7 cells per 100 g feed for 60 days at 5% of the body weight per day in two equal installments in triplicate treatments. The control feed (CC) was not supplemented with the B. circulans. All the feeds were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Fish fed with feed C2 displayed better growth, significantly (P < or = 0.05) highest RNA/DNA ratio, a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR), and a higher protein efficiency ratio (PER) than the other experimental diets. Highest carcass protein and lipid was also observed in the fish fed C2 feed compared to the others. Significantly (P < or = 0.05), highest protease was recorded in fish fed feed C2 (47.9 +/- 0.016) and lowest in fish fed feed C3 (32.10 +/- 0.009), where alpha-amylase activity did not differ significantly (P < or = 0.05) beyond the lowest inclusion level. ALP, ACP, GOT, and GPT in the liver of Catla catla were the highest (P < or = 0.05) in fish fed C2 feed. The highest TSP, albumin, and globulin was observed in fish treated with C2 feed after 60 days feeding trial, but the lowest glucose level was observed in the same treatment. After the feeding trial, the non-specific immunity levels and disease resistance of fish were also studied. Phagocytic ratio, phagocytic index, and leucocrit value were the highest in fish fed feed C2. After the feeding trial, the fish were challenged for 10 days by bath exposure to Aeromonas hydrophila (AH1) (10(5)c.f.u. ml(-1) for 1 h, and, after 7 days, 10(7)c.f.u. ml(-1) for 1 h). Highest survival percentage was observed in fish fed with feed C2 compared with only 6.66% in the controls, which indicated the effectiveness of B. circulans PB 7 in reducing disease caused by A. hydrophila.
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PMID:Effect of a probiotic bacterium Bacillus circulans PB7 in the formulated diets: on growth, nutritional quality and immunity of Catla catla (Ham.). 1893 30

Lead poisoning is a worldwide health problem, and its treatment is under investigation. The aim of this study was to access the efficacy of Coriandrum sativum (coriander) in reducing lead-induced changes in mice testis. Animal exposed to lead nitrate showed significant decrease in testicular SOD, CAT, GSH, total protein, and tissue lead level. This was accompanied by simultaneous increase in the activities of LPO, AST, ALT, ACP, ALP, and cholesterol level. Serum testosterone level and sperm density were suppressed in lead-treated group compared with the control. These influences of lead were prevented by concurrent daily administration of C. sativum extracts to some extent. Treating albino mice with lead-induced various histological changes in the testis and treatment with coriander led to an improvement in the histological testis picture. The results thus led us to conclude that administration of C. sativum significantly protects against lead-induced oxidative stress. Further work need to be done to isolate and purify the active principle involved in the antioxidant activity of this plant.
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PMID:Prophylactic efficacy of Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) on testis of lead-exposed mice. 1990 60

Ascorbic acid is a sugar acid and an essential vital food nutrient found mainly in fruits and vegetables. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ascorbic acid against arsenic induced oxidative stress in blood of rat. In rat, treatment with ascorbic acid prevented the increased serum enzymatic activity of AST, ALT, ALP, ACP and LDH. In addition, treatment with ascorbic acid prevented elevated production of LPO, PC and NO and restored the depletion of reduced SOD and CAT activities. Interestingly, ascorbic acid markedly upregulated lymphocytes relative mRNA expression of lymphocytes SOD2 gene corresponding to GAPDH, house keeping candidate gene in arsenic-treated rat, which might provide anti-oxidative activity in the blood.
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PMID:Effect of ascorbic acid on blood oxidative stress in experimental chronic arsenicosis in rodents. 2012 81

Scatophagus argus of the family Scatophagidae inflicts painful wounds in fishermen while handling it. The venom induces prominent local tissue damage characterized by pain, edema and necrosis. The pathogenesis of acute muscle damage in gastrocnemius muscle induced by S. argus venom was studied in mice. The inflammatory response induced by S. argus venom in the mice hind paw was studied measuring paw edema. Intramuscular injection of S. argus venom induced motoxicity. The effect of S. argus venom on the cellular components of inflammatory response was investigated. Venom from S. argus were quantitatively analyzed for enzymic and biochemical activity. The biochemical changes induced by the sublethal concentration of S. argus venom and histopathological studies of effect of venom on mice were carried out. Venom induced a rapid increment in serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) showing the myotoxicity of venom. Concomitant with this a reduction of muscle CK and LDH activity was observed, where as no increment in muscle lactate was detected. Our findings showed that the edematic activity was dose dependent and remained significantly elevated over 48 h after injection. Administration of S. argus venom caused a significant cell accumulation of neutrophils in to peritoneal cavity as well as foot pad up to 24h with maximal being at 4-6h. The venom components analyzed showed the presence of phosphodiesterase, acid phosphatases, alkaline phosphatases, proteinase, and caseinolytic activity. SDS PAGE revealed the presence of major and minor protein bands between 6.5 and 68 kDa. The biochemical changes induced by the sublethal concentration of S. argus venom showed reversible changes in the hematological (blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and platelet count) parameters which were significantly altered at 6 and 24h (GLM repeated measures p<0.05). Serum enzymes such as AST, ALT, ACP, ALP, LDH and urea were altered significantly which in turn confirmed the damage of vital organ tissue.
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PMID:Characterization of biological activity of Scatophagus argus venom. 2060 40

Concurrent use of more than one antibiotic in clinical treatment of serious infections is common. Trospectomycin sulphate, a semi-synthetic aminocyclitol, may be used in combination with the aminoglycoside gentamicin sulphate. To investigate any potential interaction, trospectomycin and gentamicin toxicity were assessed in vitro using a two-factor response surface design study with each factor at four levels. Cultures of the LLC-PK(1) cell line (proximal renal epithelium) were treated with 0, 125, 250 or 500 mug/ml of the drugs, alone or in combination, and cytotoxicity was evaluated at 3, 7, 10 and 14 days of continuous exposure. Cytotoxicity was assessed by morphological and biochemical criteria (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH; alkaline phosphatase, ALP; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, GGT; aspartate transaminase, AST; alanine transaminase, ALT; acid phosphatase, ACP). ALP, GGT, LDH and AST activity increased in the control cultures over the experimental period. Cytoplasmic vacuolation, increased number of detached cells and reduced dome formation occurred at 250 and 500 mug gentamicin/ml and in combination with these levels of trospectomycin at study days 10 and 14. There was a statistically significant (P < 0.05) interaction (decrease) for ALP and GGT at study day 14. In summary, the LLC-PK(1) culture system provides a useful in vitro screen to evaluate potential xenobiotic interactions to assess nephrotoxicity.
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PMID:In vitro assessment of trospectomycin and gentamicin sulphate in the LLC-PK(1) cell line. 2073 59

Lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-HCH), a highly persistent organochlorine insecticide is neurotoxic at acute doses and has been reported to induce oxidative stress in cells and tissues. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant property of Nigella sativa seed oil (N.O) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega3) against gamma-HCH-induced oxidative hepatic and renal damage in male rats serum. Rats were orally given sublethal dose of gamma-HCH (12 mg/kg, 24 h prior to decapitation), while N.O (0.3 ml/kg) and omega3 (20 mg/kg) were given every 48 h for 20 days single or together, or also combined with gamma-HCH. gamma-HCH caused a significant increase in the levels of serum total lipids, cholesterol, and triglycerides by 49, 61 and 30% respectively, while HDL-cholesterol decreased by 45% compared to control group. Pretreatment with omega3 and N.O prior gamma-HCH administration re-established the altered biochemical features and alleviated the harmful effects of gamma-HCH on lipid profile. The concentration of serum total protein and albumin was significantly decreased by 35 and 45% respectively in rats treated with gamma-HCH compared to control. gamma-HCH also caused hepatic and renal damage, as observed from the elevated serum levels of urea, creatinine, total bilirubin and uric acid contents and aminotransferases (AST and ALT), phosphatases (ACP and ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities. Co-administration of omega3 and N.O reversed the hazardous effects induced by gamma-HCH on the liver and kidney and also protected acetylcholinesterase from the inhibitory action of gamma-HCH as well as suppressed the lipid peroxidation. Thus, the results show that omega3 and N.O might prevent oxidative stress and attenuate the changes in the biochemical parameters induced by gamma-HCH in male rats.
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PMID:Lindane-induced biochemical perturbations in rat serum and attenuation by omega-3 and Nigella sativa seed oil. 2179 10

A polyherbal formulation was evaluated for its hepatoprotective activity against ethanol and CCl(4) induced liver damage in rats. The rats were divided into five groups of six animals each and serve as control, toxic, post-treated, herbal control, Liv.52 treated groups respectively. The results showed that the activities of liver marker enzymes in serum namely AST, ALT, ALP, ACP and serum bilirubin level (total) were increased in toxic group animals. But the activities of these enzymes were significantly lowered in post-treated group of rats. Thus, the results suggest antihepatotoxicity of "Ayush-Liv.04".
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PMID:HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF A POLYHERBAL FORMULATION (AYUSH-LIV.04) AGAINST ETHANOL AND CCl(4) INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN RATS. 2255 85

The antidiabetic effect of an aqueous seed extract of Syzygium calophyllifolium Walp. was studied in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Changes in serum and tissue AST, ALT LDH, ACP and ALP, enzymes activities in alloxan induced rats were studied and found to be reversed by the oral administration of S.calophyllifolium seed extract.
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PMID:Effect of Syzygium calophyllifolium Walp. seed extract on transaminases and phosphatases in alloxan induced diabetic rats. 2255 66

The ethanolic fruit extract of Pedalium murex to ethylene glycol intoxicated rats reverted the levels of the liver and kidney markers to near normal levels protecting liver and renal tissues from damage and also prevents the crystal retention in tissues. The levels of ACP, ALP, AST, ALT in serum andurine were significantly increased due to the damaged structural integrity of renal and hepatic cells causing the enzymes which are located in the cytoplasm to be released into the circulation. The levels of ACP and ALP, AST, ALT in renal and hepatic tissues of ethylene glycol induced rats might be due to leakage of the enzyme into the general circulation from the collateral circulation. LDH levels in serum, urine and tissues were increased on ethylene glycol intoxication is due to the oxalate induced renal and hepatic cellular damage.
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PMID:EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC FRUIT EXTRACT OF Pedalium murex Linn. IN ETHYLENE GLYCOL INDUCED UROLITHIASIS IN MALE WISTAR ALBINO RATS. 2255 65


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