Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infectious sera from three humans with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis, whose blood or serum had transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis both to other humans and to experimentally inoculated chimpanzees, were inoculated into five marmosets. A sixth uninoculated marmoset served as a control. No elevations in levels of serum alanine aminotransferase or isocitric dehydrogenase occurred in serum samples obtained weekly from any of the marmosets during three months following inoculation. This study indicates that certain species of marmoset, which are susceptible to and provide well-documented animal models for hepatitis A and GB-agent hepatitis, do not appear to be susceptible to the agent(s) of human non-A, non-B hepatitis. In addition, this study suggests that the agent(s) of human non-A, non-B hepatitis and the GB agent are probably different.
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PMID:Lack of susceptibility of marmosets to human non-A, non-B hepatitis. 23 Oct 72

The 2-n-propyl (pr) and 2-n-butyl (bu) methylenedioxyindenes (MDIs) developed in our laboratories are intracellular calcium antagonists with coronary dilating and antiarrhythmic actions. Acute toxicity studies resulted, in mice, in an iv LD50 of 40 and 32 mg/kg for pr-MDI and bu-MDI, respectively, and an ip LD50 of 185 mg/kg for both MDIs. In rats, the ip LD50 was 175 and 240 mg/kg for pr-MDI and bu-MDI, respectively. An iv dose of 16 mg/kg decreased motor activity and prolonged barbiturate sleeping time in mice, but did not affect conditioned avoidance behavior or motor coordination tests. In sub-acute toxicity studies, rats received daily for 4 weeks 26.25 or 52.5 mg/kg ip of either MDIs, while mice received 23.13 or 46.25 mg/kg ip of either MDIs. No alterations were observed in serum alkaline phosphatase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, creatine phosphokinase, bilirubin, chloride, cholesterol, uric acid, prothrombin time, and bromsulphalein retention. Blood glucose was slightly lowered. Serum calcium was slightly lowered in male mice. The higher dose of pr-MDI elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase in rats. Both MDIs elevated serum isocitric dehydrogenase in male rats. Light microscopic examination of brain, kidney, liver, spleen, intestine, stomach, and myocardium showed no anomalies resulting from the 4-week MDI treatment, and electron microscopic examination of hepatocytes revealed no deleterious effects of either MDIs.
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PMID:Toxicological evaluation of new calcium antagonists: 2-substituted 3-dimethylamino-5,6-methylenedioxyindenes. 51 12

Serum biochemical parameters were studied in 42 healthy wild-caught adult tamarins (S. mystax), males and females, to determine the normal values. Blood samples were drawn repeatedly, and the serum was tested for aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, isocitric dehydrogenase, serum glucose, serum urea, triglyceride, cholesterol, albumin, and total protein. The results indicated that serum chemistry values were similar to those reported as normal for both humans and other Callitrichidae species. The study of serum biochemical parameters in tamarins with experimental hepatitis A indicated that serum enzyme activities alone reflected the hepatic damage, while other biochemical parameters were of no real clinical importance. The experimental results showed the levels of serum urea to be indicative of the pathological involvement of the kidneys in experimental hepatitis A in some cases.
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PMID:[The biochemical indices of the blood serum in experimental hepatitis A in tamarins]. 132 56

The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and isocitric dehydrogenase (ICD) in the serum of 60 healthy dromedary camels of either sex and different ages (one to 25 years) were determined. The results were analysed with respect to time of year (December-January and May-June), sex and age groups (below four years; four to 10 years; and over 10 years). The overall mean activities of AST, ALT, ALP, ACP, LDH and ICD were 36.1 +/- 0.35, 4.65 +/- 0.35, 27.21 +/- 0.43, 7.18 +/- 0.21, 479.0 +/- 7.33 and 7.74 +/- 0.17 iu litre-1, respectively. Activities of AST, ALT, ALP and ACP were significantly higher during extremely hot conditions (May-June) than in extreme cold (December-January) while the activity of LDH was higher in extremely cold conditions. Analysis of data based on sex revealed that AST, ALT and ALP activities in the serum of male animals were significantly higher than in female animals. The activities of all the enzymes were highest in animals under four years and then gradually decreased with age being lowest in the animals over 10 years.
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PMID:Activity of some enzymes in the serum of dromedary camels. 166 69

The effect of sodium salicylate (SS) pretreatment on acetaminophen (APAP) metabolism and hepatotoxicity in mice was studied. Mice were given a single oral dose of SS (100 mg/kg) 1 hr before graded doses of APAP (150-500 mg/kg). Liver histology, serum hepatic enzymes (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and isocitric dehydrogenase) and APAP metabolites in urine were examined 24 hr after APAP treatment. Free plasma APAP and liver glutathione were determined over 24 hr after treatment with 400 mg/kg of APAP alone or after SS pretreatment. At 500 mg of APAP per kg, mortality rate was 38% in SS + APAP group; no mortality was seen among animals treated with APAP alone. Centrilobular hepatic hemorrhagic necrosis and/or vacuolation were observed in both treatments. Mitosis of hepatocytes was increased in all APAP-treated mice. Incidence of hepatic necrosis and mean lesion grades at 300- and 500-mg/kg doses increased in mice pretreated with SS. Mice that received SS + APAP had significantly higher levels of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and isocitric dehydrogenase at all doses compared to mice treated with APAP alone. APAP glucuronide and sulfate conjugates decreased and APAP mercapturate conjugate increased in urine of mice receiving SS + APAP treatment. Free plasma APAP was significantly higher 2 hr after APAP treatment in SS + APAP-treated mice as compared to mice that received APAP alone. Hepatic glutathione levels were similarly decreased over 24 hr in both groups. These data demonstrate that SS pretreatment alters APAP biotransformation profile and potentiates the hepatotoxic effect of APAP in mice.
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PMID:Potentiation of the hepatotoxic effect of acetaminophen by prior administration of salicylate. 398 58

Our previous studies indicated that the toxicity of chloro- or bromo-methanes is potentiated by chlordecone (CD). The present work was conducted to study the effect of prior dietary exposure to CD on toxicity of bromoform. Male S-D rats (175-200 g) were fed 0 or 10 ppm CD in the powdered ration for 15 days. Bromoform (25 to 300 microliters/kg) was given i.p. on day 15. 24 h later, hepatotoxicity was assessed by functional, biochemical and histopathological parameters. Excretion of phenolphthalein glucuronide in bile and the rate of bile flow were unaltered by either bromoform or CD-bromoform combination. Serum enzymes (GPT, GOT and isocitric dehydrogenase (ICD) were also not significantly elevated by any treatment. The results suggest that, unlike chloroform, CHBr3 does not act as a potent hepatotoxin and that its effects are not potentiated by CD to any significant extent.
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PMID:Absence of potentiation of bromoform hepatotoxicity and lethality by chlordecone. 618 8

The activity and stability of several enzymes from the facultative thermophile Bacillus flavothermus, grown within the mesophilic and thermophilic region at 34 degrees C, 43 degrees C, 52 degrees C and 70 degrees C, have been examined. While the temperature optima and maxima of all enzymes tested were found to remain unchanged at all growth temperatures, it was demonstrated that the heat stability of the proteins increased with ten perature, however, not uniformly for all enzymes. One exception was acetate kinase and the intrinsic stability of pyruvate kinase was found to increase only slightly. With all other proteins tested (alanine dehydrogenase, isocitric dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutamate-oxalacetate and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and myokinase) the intrinsic stability was found to increase to about 55 degrees C, but stayed unaltered at higher growth temperatures. Except for acetate kinase and myokinase, the enzymes could be stabilized by their respective substrates and the heat stability of the ES-complexes was found also to depend on the growth temperature of the cells. These data lead to the conclusion that the enzymes undergo a transition from heat-labile to thermostable within the growth temperature range between 44 degrees C and 51 degrees C while the thermal characteristics are not changed below and beyond this crucial region.
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PMID:Thermal properties of enzymes from Bacillus flavothermus, grown between 34 and 70 degrees C. 631 Oct 96

Groups of 8 male crossbreed domestic goats were given 3 dosage levels of aflatoxin B1 [(AFB1) mg/kg of body weight/day] orally: 0.1 for 34 days; 0.2 for 18 days; or 0.4 for 10 days. Clinical condition, feed consumption, and selected blood values were determined. Clinical signs of toxicosis included decreased feed consumption, slight-to-moderate loss of body weight, mucopurulent nasal discharge, dyspnea, coughing, lethargy, icterus, diarrhea (4 goats), and subnormal body temperature 24 to 48 hours before death. Clinicopathologic changes included increases in total RBC count, PCV, hemoglobin concentration, serum bilirubin concentration, and serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, isocitric dehydrogenase, and ornithine carbamyl transferase. Goats given the 2 smaller dosage levels of AFB1 had slight increases of serum total protein (TP) concentration compared with control goats, but goats given the larger dosage levels of AFB1 initially had a slight decrease in TP. Aflatoxin had little effect on total WBC count. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in goats given the 2 larger dosage levels of AFB1 were similar to those of control goats, but goats given the smallest dosage level of AFB1 had increased serum ALT activities. Aflatoxin did not produce consistent dose-related changes in serum alkaline phosphatase activities. Seemingly, goats are susceptible to aflatoxin. Onset of clinical signs was dose-related. Onset and magnitude of increases in PCV, hemoglobin concentration, serum bilirubin concentration, and activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, and isocitric dehydrogenase were dose-related. Changes in TP and activities of serum ALT and alkaline phosphatase were neither dose-related nor were they potentially useful indicators of toxicosis.
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PMID:Caprine aflatoxicosis: experimental disease and clinical pathologic changes. 643 Jan 34

A study was made of blood cellular components, serum proteins and serum enzymes in 48 pigs naturally infected with Cysticercus tenuicollis. Twenty-five healthy pigs were studied for comparison. Affected animals showed a reduction in total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and haemoglobin content and an increase in mean corpuscular volume and total leucocyte count. Significantly higher activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and isocitric dehydrogenase serum enzymes were recorded in all affected pigs. Total protein, albumin and globulin values of affected pigs remained unchanged when compared with healthy controls.
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PMID:Changes in blood cellular components, serum proteins and serum enzyme activities in pigs naturally infected with Cysticercus tenuicollis. 646 71

Activities of 14 enzymes were determined in psoas muscle, smooth muscle, diaphragm, heart, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, salivary glands, zygomatic gland, intestinal mucosa, subcellular fractions, and plasma of the dog. In pups, plasma activity of most enzymes was high, except iditol dehydrogenase (ID), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase (ALS). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ALS, cholinesterase (CHS), creatine kinase (CK), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and malate dehydrogenase (MD) decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) with increasing age, but in dogs greater than 7 months, all enzymes except CK, HBD, and ALT revealed reasonably constant plasma values. Enzymes ALT, GLD, CHS, and ID are specific for liver, CK and ALS for muscle, HBD to some degree for myocardium, and alpha-amylase for pancreas. The ALP and gamma-glutamyltransferase were located in microsomes, GLD in mitochondria, MD and AST in mitochondria and cytoplasm, and isocitric dehydrogenase, LD, and the other enzymes only in cytoplasm.
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PMID:Enzyme activities in the dog: tissue analyses, plasma values, and intracellular distribution. 703 2


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