Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Investigations were carried out on the serum enzymes, total proteins and some electrolites (potassium and sodium) in eight spleenectomized sheep experimentally infected with Babesia organisms. It was found that babesiasis in sheep was accompanied by a considerable rise in the activity of GOT and GPT (from 80JU up to 260IU and from 4 IU up to 19 IU). The amount of inorganic phosphorus dropped, and that of potassium sodium and alkaline phosphatase showed no changes. It is believed that the changes in the activity of GOT, GPT and inorganic phosphorus depend on the gravity and the duration of the disease and can be used as a criterion in determining the pathologic process.
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PMID:[Changes in the activity of serum enzymes, total protein and electrolytes in experimental babeiasis in sheep]. 102 51

Gastric and duodenal ulcers were characterized by the high activity of alkaline phosphatase within the zone of impairment. In gastric ulcer the high concentration of the enzyme was observed also in the region of minor curvature. Activities of aspartate and alanine transaminases were decreased in the zone of gastric ulcer; in duodenal ulcer only the alanine transaminase activity was decreased. The total lactate dehydrogenase activity was unaltered in gastric ulcer, but it was increased in impaired duodenum, where, among the other LDH isozymes, LDH5 fraction was increased.
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PMID:[Non-proteolytic enzymes of human gastric and duodenal mucosa in peptic ulcer]. 103 Aug 92

The influence of Uden, exerted on the activity of GOT, GPT, LDH acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in the serum, is investigated upon 4-day-long treatment. The experiment is conducted in three groups of white male rats with mean weight 270 +/- 20 g. The first group of animals underwnt poisoning with 1/20 LD50, the second--with 1/4 LD50 while in the third, control group, the animals were treated with an oil solvent at the respective days. It is found that acid phosphatase, GOT and alkaline phosphatase activity in group two is virtually unchanged, whilst GPT activity in both experimental groups, and acid phosphatase in group one are reliably increased (P less than 0,01), with 20,17 and 53 per cent respectively. LDH activity is reliably lowered with 60 per cent in group two, whereas in group one a tendency for a reduction is noted (P less than 0,05).
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PMID:[Changes in enzymatic activity in rats with acute Unden poisoning]. 103 21

Blood samples from rats, rabbits and beagles were subjected to simultaneous analyses for ten parameters using the RaBA-System and the results were compared with those obtained by the routine manual methods. Although the mean values measured by the two methods differ in several items, a significant correlation between the two methods in the majority of the determinations makes the use of the RaBA-System acceptable. The RaBA-System is thus considered to be applicable to evaluation of hemoglobin, total protein, glucose, BUN, total cholesterol, GOT, GPT, and alkaline phosphatase in blood samples from rats, rabbits and beagles. Plasma LDH and albumin, however, cannot be determined with accuracy by the system.
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PMID:[Application of the RaBA-System to clinical blood chemistry test in experimental animals]. 103 65

In order to establish the normal baseline of blood values in rats using the RaBA-System, the following eight parameters were analyzed in 8-22-week-old Wistar-Imamichi rats of both sexes: hemoglobin, total protein, glucose, BUN, total cholesterol, GOT, GPT, and alkaline phosphatase. With the exception of glucose, all these parameters were significantly different depending upon ages. Significant sex differences were observed in the values of hemoglobin, total cholesterol, GOT, and alkaline phosphatase.
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PMID:[Clinical blood chemistry values in normal Wistar-Imamichi rats using the RaBA-System (author's transl)]. 103 66

The activities of aspartate transminase (EC 2.6.1.1), alanine transminase (EC 2.6.1.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) leucine arylamidase (EC 3.4.1.1), aldolase (EC 4.1.2), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.38) and cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) were measured in serum of male rabbits and albino Wistar rats in dlplicate by means of microliter techniques. Furthermore, the diurnal alterations of enzyme activity were established in 8--10 animals of both species. Aspartate transaminase activity in the serum of rats was found to be significantly higher than in the serum of humans and rabbits, and essentially lower alkaline phosphatase values were obtained from the serum of rabbits in comparison with those found for the serum of humans and rats. Relatively high acid phosphatase and aldolase values as well as a very low cholinesterase activity were found in the serum of rabbits and rats. The mean malate dehydrogenase-activity was found to be twice as high as the mean lactate dehydrogenase, which is the contrary of the situation found in human serum. No significant diural alterations of the examined enzyme activities were established. The differences found between the animal and the human enzyme activities in serum are explained by species-determined peculiarities of metabolism or specific enzyme configuration.
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PMID:[Enzyme activities in serum of rabbits and rats-reference values and circadian alterations. Serum enzymes and factors that influence their activity,I (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)]. 103 68

Because of the difficulties in drawing blood for clinical chemistry in small laboratory animals there exist many methods for sampling blood and the preparation of serum, none of which is generally accepted or well standardised. It was the aim of this study to investigate the effects of sampling techniques on normal values of enzyme activities in the serum of rat and mouse. The activities of the following enzymes were determined: sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, pyruvate kinase, creatine kinase, myokinase, alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase. In addition plasmaproteins, urea and inorganic phosphorus were measured. In rats blood was obtained from the following sites: retroorbital venous plexus, jugular vein, heart and ventral aorta. In mice blood was sampled from the jugular vein and the ventral aorta. Shifts of water from the interstitial to the intravascular space due to hypovolemia occurring during the experimental procedure were followed up by measuring the hematocrit and the distribution of radioiodide labelled albumin. In rats the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, pyruvate kinase, creatine kinase and myokinase found in blood serum obtained from the retroorbital venous plexus and the ventral aorta were too high compared to the other sampling sites. Activities of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase were slightly elevated when blood was sampled from the punctured retroorbital venous plexus. Small differences in plasmaproteins and hematocrit values were found to be due to acute shifts of water within the extracellular space. In mice the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and myokinase were found to be too high in blood serum obtained from the ventral aorta. Efflux of enzymes from damaged cells and the interstitial space ive caused erroneous results too, but only to a minor extent. The most reliable method for blood sampling in rat and mouse is the cannulation of the jugular vein. The heart puncture can be recommended too. Attention should be paid, however, to the possibility of aspirating disrupted muscle cells through the inserted needle.
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PMID:[Effects of blood sampling on enzyme activities in the serum of small laboratory animals (author's transl)]. 108 84

In an attempt to clinico-pathologically examine asymptomatic HBs AG carriers, follow-up studies were made on 57 HBAg-positive blood donors with the S-GPT within normal range and the following conclusions were arrived at: 1) The results of liver function tests made in the present studies revealed the following rates of abnormalities: the S-GPT was abnormal in 14.5% of the subjects, the S-GOT was abnormal in 9%, the serum total bilirubins were abnormal in 12.2%, the serum alkaline phosphatase level was abnormal in 24.5%, the TTT was abnormal in 4.4%, the ZTT was abnormal in 2.2%, the gamma-globulin was abnormal in 21.2%, and the ICG retention was abnormal in 25.6%. It was thus necessary to make a follow-up study of the results of liver function test. 2) Anti-HBs was negative in all subjects, the rate of lymphocytic blastogenesis in the peripheral blood (tested by the addition of PHA) was low in 7 (36.8%) of 19 patients, and the MIF test by the addition of the purified HBs Ag revealed that 17 subjects, excluding one subject with a histologic picture of acute hepatitis, were not susceptible to HBs Ag. It was, therefore, surmised that immunological insufficiency would be involved in the development of asymptomatic carriers. 3) Histologic examinations, made on 20 subjects, revealed A.V.H. in one subject, N.S.R.H. in seven, N.S.R. in ten and fatty liver in two, and further revealed mild, diffuse inflammations in 8 subjects in the first two group (40% in total). Further, pleomorphism was noted in the hepatocytes of 8 (40%) of these 20 subjects, and a study is under way of the significance of the pleomorphism.
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PMID:Clinico-pathological studies of the liver in asymptomatic carriers of Australia antigen. 111 98

Plasma glucose and lactate concentrations and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), glutamate-oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), aldolase (ALD), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD) activities were determined before, throughout the incubation period, and during the course of a viral-induced diarrhea in the neonatal calf. Hypoglycemia with a glucose concentration less than 40 mg/dl of plasma was observed in 3 of 10 calves. Plasma lactate concentration increased to 1.84 plus or minus 0.1 times normal in 7 and 6 to 7 times normal in 2 of the animals. The major change in both glucose and lactate concentrations during diarrhea occurred during the 24 hours preceding death. Changes in SGPT, SGOT, or AP activities were not observed, indicating the absence of marked hepatic damage. The ALD, CPK, and HBD activities were increased in 2 calves and the CPK alone was increased in 2 others, indicating cardiac and possibly skeletal muscle damage.
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PMID:Changes in plasma glucose and lactate concentrations and enzyme activities in the neonatal calf with diarrhea. 112 76

1. Rats were given moderate-selenium (4-5 mg/kg) or low-Se (0-5 mg/kg) diets during gestation and lactation. Their young were given diets with high (10 mg/kg), moderate or low Se contents from weaning, and groups of rats were killed at intervals during the 14-week experimental peroid. 2. Compared with young rats which received the low-Se diet, those which received the moderate- or high-Se diets had a high incidence of liver lesions and there were changes in liver Se content, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, prothrombin activity, fibrinogen content, spleen weight, body water and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminas (L-aspartate : 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase; EC 2.6.1.1 and L-alanine : 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase; EC 2.6.1.2 respectively) and alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activities. In those rats which received the high-Se diet the changes were more pronounced than in those which received the moderate-Se diet. 3. In young rats from dams given moderate-Se diets, which were themselves given the moderate-Se diet, the liver Se content decreased continuously, whereas rats given the same diet but from dams which had received the low-Se diet, the liver Se content increased continuously. There was a slight improvement of symptoms of Se toxicity in all groups by the 5th week of the experimental peroid. 4. The results suggest that there was an adaptation to chronic Se intake.
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PMID:Effects of ingestion of organic selenium in adapted and non-adapted rats. 112 69


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