Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Milk production of dairy cows in 14 herds was increased by 3.8-32.1% by the administration of recombinant methionyl bovine somatotropin (bST) in a sustained-release vehicle at 14 d intervals at 40-94 d post partum. A greater response in multiparous than in primiparous cows was found in cows turned out to graze spring pasture. Administration of recombinant bST resulted in elevated plasma bST during the first 9 d after injection. Clinical characteristics such as respiration, heart rate and body temperature were unaffected by bST treatment, as were blood erythrocyte and leucocyte counts, haemoglobin concentrations and haematocrit values. Plasma levels of glucose, free fatty acids, urea and P, and serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were not affected by bST treatment, and acetone was not detected. No adverse effects of bST on general health, infection status of mammary glands, mastitis incidence and reproduction were found.
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PMID:Effect of methionyl bovine somatotropin in a prolonged-release vehicle on milk production, hormone profiles and health in dairy cows. 145 34

The effects of 2 liquid formula diets differing in protein source were evaluated in orphan foals. The response of 7 foals fed a diet containing casein as the protein source, and 6 foals fed a diet containing a combination of whey and casein, was compared with the response in a reference group of 8 mare-raised foals. Orphaned foals were fed 150 kcal/kg of body weight/d, divided into 6 equal feedings of 25 kcal/kg. Formula intake was comparable among the experimental groups, and foals fed the liquid formula diet grew as well as mare-raised foals. There was no difference among groups in mean daily body weight gain, wither height, heart girth, body temperature, pulse, respiration rate, capillary refill time, or skin tenting. Insulin and blood glucose concentrations increased in both groups of foals fed formula diets, returning to prefeeding values within 4 hours. Differences among groups were found for serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, cholesterol, creatinine, and glucose values; all other serum chemical values were comparable among groups. Plasma amino acid determinations revealed that arginine and ornithine were significantly lower in foals in both experimental groups than in reference foals, suggesting that arginine may have been the limiting amino acid in these diets. Diarrhea developed in foals in all treatment groups, but in most cases was self-limiting. These results suggest that the protein source of liquid formula diets may be less important in foals than in infants.
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PMID:Effect of protein source in liquid formula diets on food intake, physiologic values, and growth of equine neonates. 145 45

To explore the relationship between intestinal fluid absorption and oxidative metabolism, we measured the effects of amino acids and glucose on piglet jejunal ion transport and oxygen consumption (QO2) in vitro. Jejunal QO2 was stimulated by L-glutamine and D-glucose but not by the nonmetabolizable organic solutes methyl beta-D-glucoside or L-phenylalanine. QO2 was maximally enhanced by the combination of D-glucose and L-glutamine (5 mM). Even though 5 mM L-glutamine was previously found to be insufficient to stimulate NaCl absorption, 5 mM L-glutamine enhanced jejunal NaCl flux when combined with equimolar mucosal D-glucose. Either D-glucose or methyl beta-D-glucoside caused an increase in short-circuit current (Isc), an increase in Na+ absorption in excess of Isc, and a decrease in Cl- secretion, when L-glutamine was substituted for D-glucose (10 mM) on the serosal side. This relationship suggests that mucosal sugars, if combined with L-glutamine, enhance neutral NaCl absorption as well as electrogenic Na+ flow. (Aminooxy)acetate, an inhibitor of alanine aminotransferase, abolished the stimulation of QO2 and the NaCl-absorptive response to L-glutamine. We conclude that the oxidative metabolism fueled by L-glutamine is linked to a NaCl-absorptive mechanism in the intestine. We propose that the CO2 produced by glutamine metabolism yields carbonic acid, which dissociates to H+ and HCO3-, which may stimulate parallel antiports in the apical membrane.
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PMID:L-glutamine with D-glucose stimulates oxidative metabolism and NaCl absorption in piglet jejunum. 147 2

Biochemical and metabolic indicators were monitored in a group of volunteers suffering from a variety of chronic illnesses participating in a week's course on a special uncooked vegetable diet, known as "living food". Unmatched healthy controls ate the same diet cooked for 2 min in a microwave oven. After 1 week on the regimen, serum protein and urea contents decreased and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) activity increased in both groups, although all within the normal range. Blood glucose increased in both groups to slightly above normal limits but total serum cholesterol dropped about 1 mmol/l from normal starting levels. Serum tocopherol and retinol increased only in the group eating the uncooked diet. In both groups urinary sodium dropped drastically without a significant change in potassium. Serum and urinary phenol and p-cresol diminished also significantly. It is concluded that this vegetable diet may be of some benefit in the short term but any longer-term use requires evaluation.
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PMID:Effects of eating an uncooked vegetable diet for 1 week. 148 62

Nineteen hematological and serum biochemical values were analyzed for 91 healthy cats of both sexes (aged 1 to 48 months) that were bred and reared in our laboratory. Age-related changes were found for many parameters. Red blood cell counts (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), Mean corpuscular constants, GPT, total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) initially were low but increased then stabilized. White blood cell counts (WBC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), inorganic phosphorus (Pi), total bilirubin (TBil), total cholesterol (TC), glucose (GLU), and triglyceride (TG) initially were high, but decreased then stabilized. No age-related changes were found for GOT, blood urea nitrogen, or calcium. Of the parameters that changed with age, the mean corpuscular constants, GPT, GLU, and TG became stabilized during the first 3 to 4 months of life, but others (RBC, Hb, Ht, TP, ALB) became stabilized after 9 to 11 months, during which period body weight reached a plateau. Some parameters (WBC, ALP, TG, Pi) showed change up to 18 months of age. These results suggest that cats 9 to 11 months old can be regarded as adults; but for some parameters, cats aged 18 months, or older, are better regarded as adults. Sex-related differences in the values for mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and WBC that were found after 11 months of age were higher in females. ALB was higher in males.
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PMID:[Age-related changes in hematological and serum biochemical values in cats]. 150 20

Serum chemistry values were obtained from 64 adult San Joaquin kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis mutica) in western Kern County, California (USA). The goal of the study was to establish normal chemistry values for this endangered species. No significant differences were found for mean values of alanine aminotransferase (217.1 IU/l), alkaline phosphatase (44.2 IU/l), cholesterol (145.6 mg/dl), total protein (5.8 g/dl), creatinine (0.63 mg/dl), calcium (8.2 mg/dl), albumin (3.0 g/dl), glucose (129.2 mg/dl), amylase (196.8 IU/l), sodium (153.7 mEq/l) and phosphorus (5.42 mg/dl) between sexes or seasons. Significant differences were noted for aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen and potassium between seasons. Possible disturbances in normal hepatic and renal functions were noted.
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PMID:Serum chemistry values of the endangered San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica). 151 73

To investigate gonadal disorders and changes of the testicular receptors occurring during the sleeping sickness disease (African trypanosomiasis), an experimental model was developed with 10-month-old rats infested by bloodstream forms of two variants of Trypanosoma brucei brucei (AnTat 1.1 A and AnTat 1.8). At the acute phase, three days after inoculation, the animals were sacrificed for estimating the serum levels of LH and testosterone and the number of testicular LH receptors. Considering a possible intervention of the stress during the infestation and to improve our investigations on gonadal imbalance related to trypanosomasis, levels of additional parameters [corticosterone, glucose and transaminases (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase)] were determined. Stimulation testing with hCG was likewise assessed in infested rats to analyse the testicular testosterone response to gonadotropin. A significant decrease was demonstrated for serum LH and testosterone levels in the infested rats, as well as the loss of: (i) the testicular responsiveness to exogenous gonadotropin; (ii) the number of testicular LH receptors. Moreover, the remaining testicular receptors of infested rats showed an increase in their equilibrium association constant (Ka). Our study suggests that dysfunction of Leydig cells occurring during African trypanosomiasis is in part related to stress induced by the presence of the parasites.
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PMID:Decrease of testosterone level during an experimental African trypanosomiasis: involvement of a testicular LH receptor desensitization. 151 28

Monitoring of biochemical constituents in serum is an important component in revealing potential toxicity in humans and experimental animals due to exposure to a variety of xenobiotic agents. The relative toxicity of pure compounds, usually at large doses, has helped elucidate the mode of action of these compounds and their relative risk. However, most actual cases of environmental exposure present an extensive range of components and the potential for synergistic or inhibitory interactions. In this paper we review two such environmental cases: The Love Canal chemical dump site in Niagara Falls, NY, and the transformer fire at the State Office Building in Binghamton, NY. We focus on the clinical laboratory measurements obtained in these studies (including serum glucose, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, sodium and potassium), their usefulness, limitations, and application to such cases. Significant alterations in serum triglyceride and alanine aminotransferase levels were found in guinea pigs due to exposure to dioxins. These two tests were useful in estimating the 'equivalent' concentration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in complex chemical mixtures.
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PMID:Application of clinical laboratory measurements to issues of environmental health. 157 81

The sera from 144 patients (27 males and 117 females) with documented gallstones were assayed for eight different biochemical quantities, in order to study the pattern of specific biochemical changes in the blood of such patients and to establish any aetiologic relationship with gallstones. These quantities included: fasting glucose, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, fasting total cholesterol, and fasting triacylglycerol. The same analysis was performed on sera obtained from 50 (9 males and 41 females) age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The statistical analysis showed that female patients had significantly higher values for fasting plasma glucose; alkaline phosphatase, total protein and albumin; and significantly lower values for bilirubin and total cholesterol than female controls. No overall differences in the levels of alanine aminotransferase and triacylglycerol were observed between the two female groups. Male patients on the other hand showed significantly higher values for fasting glucose and alkaline phosphatase than male controls. All other quantities, however, were not significantly different between the two male groups. When chemical analysis of the gallstones was performed, no consistent relationship was observed between the level of any of the above mentioned quantities and the chemical subtype of the gallstone (for both male and female patients). These data suggest that no specific serum biochemical pattern characterizes gallstone disease, and that there is no relationship between the stone type and the serum level of the studied quantities.
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PMID:The pattern of serum biochemical abnormalities in patients with gallstones. 157 35

Curcumin, the active principle of turmeric, is known to act as an anti-oxidant, anti-mutagen and anti-carcinogen in experimental animals. In the present study, anti-mutagenic effects of turmeric were assessed in 16 chronic smokers. It was observed that turmeric, given in doses of 1.5 g/day for 30 days, significantly reduced the urinary excretion of mutagens in smokers. In contrast, in six non-smokers, who served as control, there was no change in the urinary excretion of mutagens after 30 days. Turmeric had no significant effect on serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, blood glucose, creatinine and lipid profile. These results indicate that dietary turmeric is an effective anti-mutagen and it may be useful in chemoprevention.
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PMID:Effect of turmeric on urinary mutagens in smokers. 157 64


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