Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The critical difference, which may help to judge whether the difference between two consecutive analytical results may be safely ascribed to natural variation or not, was calculated for 12 clinical chemical components determined in blood samples collected once a week for 5 consecutive weeks from 19 clinically healthy Red Danish dairy cows. For each clinical chemical component, the total variance of the analytical results was divided into the component of variance between cows (S2Inter), the component of variance for weeks within cows (S2Intra) and the component of variance for measurements (S2Anal) using nested analysis of variance. The critical difference calculated in absolute values from S2Intra and S2Anal was 0.15 mu kat per 1 for alanine aminotransferase, 0.55 mu kat per 1 for aspartate aminotransferase, 0.57 mu kat per 1 for alkaline phosphatase, 0.14 mu kat per 1 for gamma-glutamyltransferase, 1.95 mu kat per 1 for creatine kinase, 2.23 mmol per 1 for urea, 22 mu mol per 1 for creatinine, 2.4 g per 1 for albumin, 10.0 g per 1 for serum protein Total, 0.71 mmol per 1 for glucose, 0.54 mmol per 1 for calcium and 0.25 mmol per 1 for magnesium. These critical differences may be used as guidelines to evaluate the difference between two consecutive analytical results in cows. However, the analytical results should not be assessed by the critical differences alone, but should also be compared with the corresponding reference intervals.
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PMID:Critical differences of clinical chemical components in blood from Red Danish dairy cows based on weekly measurements. 129 85

The influence of Ukrain on the activity of aminotransferases (ALT and AST) and on the serum total protein content was estimated in mice and rats of both sexes receiving single or repeated doses of the drug. It was found that one hour after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of Ukrain no characteristic changes were recorded in the activity of the investigated enzymes, or in the serum protein content of animals of either sex. Similar effects were observed after three months treatment with Ukrain in rats of either sex. Only in mice receiving Ukrain for three months was a rise in ALT and AST activity found. No particular changes were observed in the total serum protein level, except for a small decreases in the sera of male mice.
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PMID:Effect of single and three months treatment with Ukrain on aminotransferases (ALT and AST) and on the serum protein level in rodents. 130 51

Total serum protein, serum albumin, total urine protein excretion, and the serum activity of several enzymes--aldolase (ALS), cholinesterase (CHS), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD), creatine kinase (CK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)--were estimated in rats with nephrotic syndrome (NS) at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, and 30 days after a single injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN). It was found that: (a) total serum protein and serum albumin diminished on day 4 and returned to control values on days 20 and 30, respectively; (b) total urine protein excretion rose on day 4, reached a peak value on day 8, and then fell substantially but still remained higher than control values on day 30; (c) ALS and CHS activities increased; (d) LAP, ICD, and AST activities showed a biphasic pattern, first increasing and then decreasing; (e) ALT, LDH, HBD, CK, and ALP activities decreased; and (f) GGT activity remained unchanged. The differences in the profiles of the enzyme activities suggest their independent regulation in experimental NS induced by PAN.
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PMID:Activity of serum enzymes in puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrotic syndrome. 146 3

The present study examined the preventive effects of green tea extract on D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced hepatic injury in rats, an animal model of viral hepatitis. A single i.p.-injection of GalN (700 mg/kg) to male Wistar rats caused fulminant hepatitis by 48 hr as assessed by marked increases in the serum aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine aminotransferase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities; decreases in the serum protein and cholesterol levels and the amount of liver microsome P-450; and marked changes in organ weights. The lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity markedly increased at 8 hr and markedly decreased at 24 hr after the GalN injection. In the experiment, animals were orally administered green tea extract at doses of 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg five times each before and after the GalN injection. Treatment with green tea extract significantly prevented the increases in the GOT, GPT and ALP activities in a dose-related manner. It also significantly prevented the decreases in serum albumin and total cholesterol, although not in a dose-related manner. A tendency to prevent the increase in LCAT activity and the decrease in liver microsome P-450 was also noted. Little effect was found on the other abnormal changes in the serum lipids and proteins and the organ weights. These results suggest that green tea may have an ameliorating effect on hepatic dysfunction.
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PMID:[Effects of green tea extract on galactosamine-induced hepatic injury in rats]. 146 98

Biochemical and metabolic indicators were monitored in a group of volunteers suffering from a variety of chronic illnesses participating in a week's course on a special uncooked vegetable diet, known as "living food". Unmatched healthy controls ate the same diet cooked for 2 min in a microwave oven. After 1 week on the regimen, serum protein and urea contents decreased and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) activity increased in both groups, although all within the normal range. Blood glucose increased in both groups to slightly above normal limits but total serum cholesterol dropped about 1 mmol/l from normal starting levels. Serum tocopherol and retinol increased only in the group eating the uncooked diet. In both groups urinary sodium dropped drastically without a significant change in potassium. Serum and urinary phenol and p-cresol diminished also significantly. It is concluded that this vegetable diet may be of some benefit in the short term but any longer-term use requires evaluation.
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PMID:Effects of eating an uncooked vegetable diet for 1 week. 148 62

The effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA, 450 mg daily) in patients with histologically proven chronic active hepatitis (CAH) have been evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Twenty-six patients with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values at least twice the normal upper limit in two of three pre-treatment tests received UDCA or a placebo for twelve weeks. In all UDCA-treated patients, serum aspartate amino-transferase (AST), ALT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) fell significantly after 4 weeks of treatment. There was a further decrease at the end of therapy, as well as a small but significant fall in total serum bilirubin. Conversely, 4 weeks after suspension of therapy, serum enzyme levels had increased, reaching values not much lower than those recorded before treatment. Total serum protein, albumin and gamma-globulin did not change after UDCA treatment. In the placebo group no significant variation in the test results were found. The results indicate that UDCA therapy in CAH, as has been observed in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, is able to improve several indices of liver damage, without producing any toxic adverse effects.
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PMID:Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on serum liver damage indices in patients with chronic active hepatitis. A double-blind controlled study. 167 91

Eight patients with metastatic hypernephroma were treated with constant infusion recombinant Interleukin-2 (rIL-2), changes in renal and hepatic function and protein levels were monitored during 2 cycles of treatment. The rIL-2 infusion caused a reversible fall in ures and a non-reversible rise in creatinine. Liver function tests (bilirubin, ALT, ALP and GGT) rose during rIL-2 treatment and had returned to pretreatment levels 3 weeks after the last day of rIL-2. There was also a reversible fall in serum protein levels during rIL-2 infusion. Although constant infusion rIL-2 ameliorated much of the severe toxicities usually seen with high-dose bolus rIL-2, the non-reversible rise in serum creatinine levels is not a previously reported feature of rIL-2 therapy.
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PMID:Changes in biochemical laboratory investigation in patients treated with constant infusion recombinant interleukin-2. 177 40

The hypocholesterolaemic effect of Cassia fistula was investigated using hypercholesterolaemic male albino rats. Hypercholesterolaemia was induced by feeding on a mixture of cholesterol plus cholic acid for a 12 weeks period. Hypercholesterolaemia was characterized by significant increase in the average levels of total lipids, total cholesterol, and triglycerides and significant decrease in phospholipids content. Administration of Cassia fistula significantly reduced blood and liver total lipids. Brain, spleen, kidneys and heart followed nearly the same trend but with moderate effect. Blood, liver, kidneys, spleen and heart total cholesterol was significantly reduced, while that of brain was not affected. The level of triglycerides was markedly improved. There was a moderate rise, however, in phospholipids content in all studied organs. That is to say a marked progress in the correction of lipid metabolism occurred. Also, administration of Cassia fistula induced a significant decrease in the high activities of serum GOT, GPT, alkaline and acid phosphatase and the values nearly returned the initial values. Total serum protein, albumin (A), globulin (G), A/G, free amino acids, uric acid and creatinine were also determined and their values were improved and attained nearly the normal values of the control group.
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PMID:The biochemical role and hypocholesterolaemic potential of the legume Cassia fistula in hypercholesterolaemic rats. 178 5

Male albino rats were fed on a mixture of cholesterol and cholic acid for 12 weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia, then Karkade was administered at 5 and 10% for 9 weeks to evaluate its hypocholesterolemic and hypolipemic effect. The experimental parameters include total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids. Liver and kidney functions were also investigated in normal, hypo- and hypercholesterolemic rats administered Karkade. A remarkable progress (lowering effect) in the level of different lipid fractions was noticed in spite of the continued cholesterol and cholic acid loading during the treatment. However, blood phospholipids were increased after Karkade administration. Hypercholesterolemia has resulted in an effect on the activity of liver and kidney functions. Therefore, the measurement of serum enzyme activity has provided a useful tool for hepatic recovery. Although the administration of Karkade at 5 and 10% induced a significant decrease in the activity of serum GOT and serum GPT, alkaline and acid phosphatase as well as total serum protein, the values nearly returned to the initial levels after 9 weeks of Karkade administration.
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PMID:Biochemical dynamics and hypocholesterolemic action of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Karkade). 178 44

In the mouse experimental model the effect of two different methods of myeloablation-immunosuppression treatment administered as preparation for bone marrow transplantation was studied, also the effect of animal's age on the values of the essential biochemical parameters in the serum and on the body weight of the animals was assessed. The recipients were prepared for the transplantation with total-body irradiation and administration of cyclophosphamide (radio-chemotherapy) or administration of busulphan with cyclophosphamide (combined chemotherapy). Transplantation was done in animals aged 2.5 and 12 months. In all studied animals serum protein and calcium levels were decreased after the transplantation and the uric acid level was transiently raised. In the older mice a short lasting increase in the serum levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, AST and ALT was noted. However, no changes were found in the results biochemical investigations which could have been related to the method of myeloablation and immunosuppression, apart from slight hypercholesterolaemia which developed about 30 days after the operation in mice prepared by radio-chemotherapy. However, after a year lower body weight was observed in young mice prepared for the procedure with radiation exposure and cyclophosphamide, as compared to those receiving combined chemotherapy. Clinical aspects of these disturbances are discussed.
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PMID:Values of certain biochemical parameters in mouse serum after syngeneic bone marrow transplantation. Effect of various methods of myeloablation-immunosuppression preparation and recipient's age. 210 62


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