Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Monensin fed to beef cows at levels of 50, 200 or 300 mg daily during late gestation and early lactation induced feed savings of 3.2, 10.5 and 13.5%, respectively, when feed intakes were regulated to produce similar changes in cow weights, condition scores and weight to height ratios during the 168-day feeding period. Feed dry matter intakes were different (P < .05) for the orthogonal single degree of freedom comparisons that were made. The monensin treatments and the adjustments in feed intake associated with them had no apparent effect on (1) calf birth weights, (2) adjusted 205-day weaning weights or (3) first-service conception rates for the cows. Monensin increased (P < .05) the proportion of propionate and the ratio of acetate to propionate in rumen samples taken prepartum, but not in samples taken postpartum. Blood samples obtained at the same time that rumen samples were obtained showed no treatment effects on serum creatinine, lactic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus, calcium, creatine phosphokinase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase or total protein.
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PMID:Efficacy of monensin for beef cows. 719 80

Isozyme patterns of 13 enzymes were compared for cultures of Trypanosoma avium, T. vespertilionis, T cruzi and T. rangeli. The isozyme separation was made by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Each of the species had distinctly migrating isozyme bands for glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), malic enzyme (ME), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), and malic dehydrogenase (MDH). For other enzymes, two or more species had identically migrating bands. In addition to these interspecific species differences, variability was observed among the strains of T. cruzi and T. rangeli. Among the T. cruzi strains, there were two different isozyme (possibly allozyme) types of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), fructokinase (FK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), GOT, MDH and three types of ME. In the T. rangeli isolates two isozyme types for the enzymes ALAT, FK, G6PDH, GOT, ICD, and LDH, were observed. Among the eight strains of T. cruzi studied there were six isozyme types, and among the seven T. rangeli isolates there were four isozyme types. There was an indication that isozyme types were associated with geographical distribution.
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PMID:Biochemical characterization of Trypanosoma spp by isozyme electrophoresis. 723 23

Climacteric symptoms of 21 women were treated for 6 mth with sequential combination preparations containing natural oestrogen (oestradiol and oestriol) and norethisterone acetate as progestin. There were no significant changes during the treatment period in the serum alanine aminotransferase activity or concentrations of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, cholic acid and deoxycholic acid. The concentration of chenodeoxycholic acid was, however, significantly decreased after 6 mth treatment. It thus appears that the above natural oestrogen--progestin combinations do not have adverse effects on hepatic function and lipid metabolism.
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PMID:Serum bile acids and lipids during treatment of climacteric symptoms with natural oestrogen--progestin combinations. 725 32

Experimental pathogenicity was for the first time demonstrated in a strain of C. lusitaniae of clinical origin by the use of concentrated inocula (5.10(7) Y-shaped cells) and the administration of 4 mg of methylprednisolone acetate i.m. injected 4 days before and 3 days after the inoculation. Counts on malt-agar (fig. 1) in kidney and brain showed a decrease during the first 12 hours, followed by a definite increment in cell number between the first and second day. Clinical tests showed a strong proteinuria, high levels of blood urea and creatinine, and a low GOT increase. Glycemia, GPT, and total serum protein values were normal. Histological examinations of kidney showed a delayed penetration with discrete clumps of Y-shaped cells, inflammatory focuses, and compromised tubules and glomerula (Fig. 2). After 2 weeks of study accumulations of cells followed by degenerative phenomena were seen in the various structures examined. Reparation processes were seldom observed (Fig. 3-4).
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PMID:[Experimental pathogenicity of Candida lusitaniae in mice]. 729 97

Cardiac metabolism following hypothermic potassium cardioplegia was studied in 23 patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement. All had normal coronary arteries. Cardioplegia was induced by infusing 700-1 000 ml of cold Ringer's acetate containing 20 mekv K+ selectively into the left coronary artery. Simultaneous blood samples were taken from the radial artery, a central vein and from the coronary sinus before and after cardioplegia. The PO2, O2-saturation and content, PCO2, pH, lactate, glucose, potassium, myoglobin, total creatine kinase (CK), its isoenzyme CK-MB, aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) were assessed. Before bypass lactate was extracted by the heart. During the initial 10 to 20 min after cardioplegia there was a marked release of lactate in the coronary sinus. Myoglobin concentration and CK-MB serum activity peaked during the first 4 hours after the release of the aortic cross-clamping. In order to determine the best indicator of myocardial damage after cardioplegia, duration of extracorporeal circulation (ECC-time), aortic occlusion time (AOT), mean myocardial temperature (MMT) and the product of AOT and MMT, referred to as time-temperature area (TTA), were related to possible indicators of myocardial injury, such as enzyme and myoglobin release. The TTA was the best way of expressing the degree of exposure of the heart to ischaemia. The CK-MB to peak area (CK-MB max area) was the best indicator of the degree of ischaemic injury sustained by the heart during operation.
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PMID:Myocardial protection during aortic valve replacement. Cardiac metabolism and enzyme release following hypothermic cardioplegia. 737 90

We studied the effect of L-glutamine (Gln), the principal intestinal fuel, on proliferation of a porcine jejunal cell line, IPEC-J2. In cells synchronized by serum deprivation for 4 h, Gln stimulated ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17) in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with maximal effects at 10 mM in 3 h (P < 0.01). Similar effects were seen for the structurally related amino acid L-asparagine and serum. The Gln effect on ODC was specific, as isosmolar mannitol, glucose, methyl-beta-D-glucoside, L-phenylalanine, ammonia, and aminoisobutyric acid were ineffective. The alanine aminotransferase inhibitor aminooxyacetate (AO) inhibited the ODC stimulation by Gln in a dose-dependent manner (half-maximal inhibitory concentration = 0.5 mM). AO was not toxic to cells, as determined by propidium iodide uptake into nuclei. In addition, Gln stimulated a twofold increase of cellular 24-h [3H]thymidine incorporation above rates of control cells bathed in standard media (P < 0.01); this effect was also blocked by AO. Gln and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulated ODC in a synergistic manner. The Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor methylisobutyl amiloride blocked the enhancement of ODC by Gln. Gln also induced the mRNA of the immediate-early gene c-jun. Gln stimulates proliferation in a porcine jejunal cell line through a mechanism requiring transamination and intact Na+/H+ exchange. This stimulation of enterocyte proliferation by Gln suggests that therapeutic Gln administration could facilitate epithelial recovery in the injured small intestine.
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PMID:L-glutamine and L-asparagine stimulate ODC activity and proliferation in a porcine jejunal enterocyte line. 748 12

Dogs are particularly susceptible to development of glucocorticoid-induced hepatopathy, but the mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid hepatopathy by examining sequential morphologic and biochemical changes in the liver of dogs during steroid administration. Six adult Beagles were given prednisolone acetate (4mg/kg of body weight, once daily for 24 days IM). Serum samples and percutaneous liver biopsy specimens were obtained before the start of the study (treatment day [TD] 0) and at TD 5, 10, 15, and 25. There were significant (P < 0.05) and progressive increases in serum activities of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and alanine transaminase. Light microscopic changes in liver biopsy specimens included progressive hepatocellular swelling and vacuolation. Electron microscopy revealed glycogen accumulation, peripheral displacement of organelles, and prominent dilatation of bile canaliculi, compared with findings at TD 0. Liver biopsy specimens taken at TD 25 had significantly (P < 0.05) increased activities of the plasma membrane enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, and 5'-nucleotidase was significantly (P < 0.001) decreased. Subcellular fractionation on reorientating sucrose density gradients revealed high-density peaks of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, compatible with a specific increase in the biliary canalicular component of the enzyme activities. Neutral alpha-glucosidase activity was shifted to the denser fractions, indicative of an increase in the proportion of rough to smooth endoplasmic reticulum and consistent with enhanced synthesis of plasma membrane proteins. There also was evidence for progressive increase in fragility of intracellular organelles, particularly lysosomes. These findings indicate that glucocorticoid hepatopathy in dogs is associated with progressive alterations not only to the plasma membrane, but also to other subcellular organelles.
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PMID:Subcellular pathologic features of glucocorticoid-induced hepatopathy in dogs. 757 58

Two cases of type C chronic hepatitis with the presence of epitheloid granulomas were reported. Case 1 was a 44-year-old man who presented with a moderate increase in serum ALT and positive anti-HCV. Histological examination of percutaneous liver biopsy specimens showed dense portal inflammation with piecemeal necrosis. Lobular inflammation was present mederately and a large well-organized epitheloid granuloma was found within a liver lobule. Case 2 was a 55-year-old woman, who was presented because of a slight increase in serum ALT and positive anti-HCV. Histologically, liver biopsy specimens showed lymphoid aggregates in the portal area and slight piecemeal necrosis. Moderate steatosis were noted and an epitheloid granuloma was present in the hepatic lobule. Acid-fast stains were negative for both cases and serum ACE and lysozyme were within normal range. These granulomas were composed of epitheloid cells surrounded by lymphocytes. They were not present within the portal tracts, but were found in the hepatic lobule. The incidence of the appearance of epitheloid granuloma in liver biopsy specimens of type C chronic hepatitis was 2 out of 273 cases (0.73%). The role of HCV infection in the genesis of epitheloid granulomatosis is of much interest and should be investigated.
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PMID:Epitheloid granuloma formation in type C chronic hepatitis: report of two cases. 759 May 82

The kidney is probably the major site of production of the plasma enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx-P). For this study, GSHPx-P activity was determined in 40 healthy people, in 34 patients with differing degrees of renal impairment, and in hemodialysis patients from whom blood samples were withdrawn either before or after each session (18 patients) or throughout the dialysis session (27 patients). Hemodialysis patients were treated by means of different techniques (bicarbonate hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration, and acetate free biofiltration), and different membranes (cuprophane, polyacrylonitrite, and polymethylmethacrylate). The following results were obtained: 1) GSHPx-P activity was significantly decreased in renal impairment patients; 2) GSHPx-P activity negatively correlated with serum creatinine values in renal impairment patients (r = -0.55; p < 0.001); and 3) the enzyme activity slightly increased after the session in hemodialysis patients. The following conclusions can be drawn: GSHPx-P activity could be new index of renal function, because it was decreased in patients with renal failure; the decrease in GSHPx-P activity paralleled the severity of renal impairment, and was maximal in hemodialysis patients; GSHPx-P activity was slightly raised at the end of the hemodialysis session, concomitant with other enzyme activities (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase) and total protein concentration. This seems to be attributable to the process of water loss rather than other hypothetical mechanisms, such as A) enzyme activation by either peroxide generation during blood-membrane contact, or by the removal of a hypothetical inhibitor; and B) de novo synthesis in the residual renal mass or in other sites of production.
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PMID:The plasma glutathione peroxidase enzyme in hemodialyzed subjects. 785 33

Hepatic and renal subacute toxicity induced by the antineoplastic drugs chlorambucil, cisplatin, epirubicin and methotrexate and the steroid alkylating agent 3 beta-hydroxy-13 alpha-amino-13,17-seco-5 alpha-androstan-17-oic-13, 17-lactam (p-[bis(2-chloroethyl) amino] phenyl) acetate was investigated in rats using serum biochemical parameters. Toxicological evaluation was performed in serum samples following the administration of dose regimens of the agents that were previously shown to be effective in suppressing malignant tumor growth or to prolong survival in tumor bearing animals. Hepatic and renal subacute toxicity was evaluated by measuring enzyme activity or concentrations of: alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, gamma-glutamyltransferase, glucose, potassium, sodium, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid. The use of the above serum biochemical parameters indicated that the overall toxicity impact of the antitumor drugs was methotrexate < cisplatin < epirubicin < chlorambucil. The homo-azasteroid ester only transiently affected the biochemical parameters associated with renal toxicity, while it affected some of the biochemical parameters associated with hepatic toxicity, though to a significantly lower extent than the antitumor drugs.
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PMID:Evaluation of kidney and liver subacute toxicity of antitumor agents using serum biochemical parameters in rats. 790 82


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