Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a series of experiments with a total of 1480 veal calves, different aspects of treating calves with anabolic steroids were examined. The anabolics used were 17beta-estradiol (E), trenbolone acetate (T), progesterone (P), testosterone (Te), C+T, E+P, E+Te and zeranole (Z). The N-retention was estimated by examining the urea: creatinine ratio in single urine specimens during the course of two feeding trials. Increased gain due to the treatment with E (20 mg implanted/calf) + P (200 mg) and Te (200 mg), respectively, E + T (140 mg) or Z (36 mg) was during the whole experimental period. The extra gain, due to anabolics seems to contain even more protein. This conclusion may be supported by the crude protein content of meat samples. The antibody production of a total of 311 male and female calves was investigated after the application of the following steroids: E (20 mg), T (200 mg), T (200 mg), E + T, P (200 mg), Te (200 mg), E + P, E + Te, and Z. Eleven days after the implantation of the steroids the animals were immunized with alumprecipitated human serumalbumin. Antibody-titres were determined by the Antigen-Binding-Capacity Test on day 14 following immunization. In nearly all groups the antibody-titres of female calves exceeded those of male calves on the average by 75%. The immune response of all experimental groups did not differ significantly from that of the corresponding control groups. However, the results indicate that both E + T and its single components E and T exert an immunodepressive effect in male calves. While the humoral antibody formation in the calf appears not to be influenced by anabolic steroids, it cannot be decided presently whether these substances effect cell-mediated immune reactions and/or unspecific mechanisms of resistance. When estradiol (20, 200, and 500 mg) and trenbolone acetate (140, 1400, 3500 mg) alone and in combination were implanted in female calves, blood glucose, GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase, LDH, cholesterine and bilirubine; Hb, PVC, quick value; urine density and pH were not affected by treatment. Some criteria of the mineral metabolism (Ca- and P-levels in serum and bone) was not altered by treatment. Trenbolone (1 400 and 3 500 mg), especially with estradiol, caused a decrease of the serum Mg-level and of the Mg-deposition in the bone. It is discussed that Trenbolone affects the dig-metabolism of calves. Some morphological findings are worth mentioning. The weight of uterus was not affected by the different doses of E or T, but a combination E + T led to a surprising weight increase. The proliferation of uterine glandular cells was responsible for the increased uterine size. The lumen of uterus was partially filled with a watery liquid. The reduction of the ovarian weight was accompanied by a diminution of follicular size for all treated calves, most evident for E (200, 500 mg) + T (1400, 3500 mg). A decrease in the number of follicles was also found for these two groups. T (3500 mg) caused an abnormal size of the clitoris and led to a reduction of the size of thymus.
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PMID:Physiological data including evaluation of immuno-response in relation to anabolic effects on veal calves. 78 65

Three alleles at the Gpt-1 (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase-1) locus in the mouse, as identified by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate, and their distribution among inbred mouse strains and wild stocks are described. The Gpt-1 locus was shown to control the soluble form of the enzyme. Three-point linkage analysis established th location of Gpt-1 on chromosome 15 between uw and bt. In addition, a new staining procedure is described that allows the visualization of GPT activity on gels by the deposition of formazan. This is an improvement over previous methods that produced bands of nonfluorescence against a fluorescent background.
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PMID:Chromosomal location of soluble glutamic-pyruvic transaminase-1 (Gpt-1) in the mouse. 84 43

Experiments were carried out with a total of 25 chickens of the Leghorn breed divided into two test groups and one control group. The test chickens were given daily the phosphorus organic pesticides timet and lebaized at rates of 0.05 mg anen mg per kg. The treated birds were kept under observation in the course of 72 days recording their cholinesterase activity (ChEA), serumglutamatoxal-acetate transaminase (SGOT), serumglutamatpyruvate transaminase (SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase (APh), and blood sugar level. It was found that as early as the third day from the beginning of the experiment ChEA dropped abruptly--by 62.72 per cent following treatment with timet, and by 29.26 per cent when treatment was carried out with lebaizid. SGOT and SGPT rose up to the 36th day by 78.74 and 59.42 per cent as against the controls. The blood sugar level increased by 20.44 per cent following the administration of timet, and by 6.95 per cent following that of lebaizid. APh on the 12th day was by 60.84 per cent higher as compared to the initial level in the case of timet, and by 39.15 per cent in the case of lebaizid. Results showed that the continuous giving of phosphorus organic insecticides (timet and lebaized) at low rates to chickens leads to the drop of ChA and the rise of SGOT, GPT, APh, and blood sugar, these changes being more clearly manifested in chickens that have been offered timet.
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PMID:[Changes in some blood biochemical indices in chickens poisoned with Thimet and Letaycide]. 94 89

Glycylprolyl beta-naphthylamidase activities in sera from 40 normal subjects (18-81 years) were: 22.6 +/- 0.9 (S.E.) (11.8-38.2) I.U./1 serum at 37 degrees C. The enzyme activities did not differ significantly with age between the younger group under 40-years-old and the older group over 40-years-old. Males, especially under 40-years-old, had slight but significantly higher activities than females. The levels were decreased in patients with gastric cancer. The levels were elevated in patients with hepatobiliary diseases, and had significant correlations with the results of the serum tests in hepatic diseases such as glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin, but had no correlation with serum lactate dehydrogenase. In cellulose acetate electrophoresis, normal sera had a single peak at the beta-globulin region, but the sera in hepatitis or liver cirrhosis showed not only an increase in the normal peak at the beta-globulin region but also the appearance of the other one or two new peaks in the alpha1 and alpha2-globulin regions.
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PMID:Glycylprolyl beta-naphthylamidase activity in human serum. 114 81

Tests conducted with rats demonstrated that hydrocortisone and desoxycorticosterone-acetate (DOCA) manifest an effect close by its orientation with regard to mitochondrial and extramitochondrial forms of aspartate- and alanine-aminotransferase (ACT and ALT), as well as cytoplasmatic malate-dehydrogenase (MDG) of the liver. It was only mitochondrial MDG that lent itself to be inhibited by hydrocortisone, but it was induced by DOCA. Adrenalectomy resulted in inhibition on ALT and MDG and in activation of ACT and of mitochondrial LDG. A course-wise introduction of sulphapyridazine with an excess of deficiency of corticosteroids changed the effects of hydrocortisone with respect to cytoplasmatic LDG, as well as the effects of DOCA or adrenalectomy in regard to LDG and MDG.
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PMID:[Effect of corticosteroids on the enzymatic activity of hepatic tissue]. 118 92

18 women were treated with Deposition (4th, 11th, and 18th cycle day each, 1 mg 17alpha-Ethynyl-3-isopropylsulfonyloxy-Estradiol; 25th cycle day, 10 mg norethisterone acetate). When these medicines were taken, the activities of aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase and alpha-amylase, cholesterol, total bilirubin and proteins of the serum, TTT, and indocyanine green were measured. A little significant decrease of the activity of alaninamino transferase (GPT) was to be stated. Whereas at the end of the 6th cycle the TTT as well as the contents of total proteins and albumin, showed a little significant decrease and the contents of alpha-2-globulin, beta-globulin as well as cholesterol were statistically shown to grow. The indocyanine green elimation was longer at the end of the 6th cycle without any pathological worth from the clinical point of view being proved.
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PMID:[Liver function tests after a 6-month deposiston therapy]. 118 58

The effect of subacute and acute doses of ammonium acetate was studied on the production of 14CO2 from 14C-labeled glutamate and aspartate by neuronal perikarya and synaptosomes isolated from rat cerebellum. Studies with inhibitors for aminotransferases (aminooxy acetic acid) and glutamate dehydrogenase (glutamic acid diethyl ester) indicated that transamination reactions play a major role in this process. There was a suppression in this process in hyperammonemic states. Activities of the enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase and glutaminase were decreased in both preparations in hyperammonemic states. Activity of glutamine synthetase was unaltered.
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PMID:Ammonia-induced alterations in the metabolism of glutamate and aspartate in neuronal perikarya and synaptosomes of rat cerebellum. 135 57

This study was undertaken to determine whether regular endurance exercise is a deterrent to a developing state of muscle atrophy from glucocorticoids and to evaluate whether the contractile activity antagonizes the hormonal actions on glutamine synthetase, alanine aminotransferase, and cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase (cAspAT). Adult female rats were administered cortisol acetate (CA, 100 mg/kg body wt) or an equal volume of the vehicle solution for up to 15 days. Exercise (treadmill running at 31 m/min, 10% grade, 90 min/day) was introduced after 4 days of CA treatment, at which time plantaris and quadriceps muscle mass had been reduced to 90% of control levels. Running for 11 consecutive days prevented 40 mg of the 90-mg loss and 227 mg of the 808-mg loss that were subsequently observed in plantaris and quadriceps muscles, respectively, in the sedentary animals. Glutamine synthetase mRNA and enzyme activity were elevated threefold by glucocorticoid treatment in the deep quadriceps (fast-twitch red) muscles after 4 days. Initiating exercise completely interfered with the further hormonal induction (to approximately 5-fold) of this enzyme and, after 11 consecutive days of the exercise regimen, glutamine synthetase mRNA and enzyme activity were 58 and 68% of values from CA-treated sedentary animals. In vehicle-treated groups, basal levels of glutamine synthetase expression were also diminished by exercise to approximately 40% of the values in sedentary controls. Hormone treatment did not alter either aminotransferase enzyme activity but reduced cAspAT mRNA in fast-twitch red muscles by 50%. Exercise abolished the glucocorticoid effect on cAspAT mRNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Exercise interrupts ongoing glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy and glutamine synthetase induction. 136 40

Embryonal nervous tissue from Wistar rats was transplanted into male rats of Wistar and August strains. Activity of eight enzymes belonging to various systems was estimated in brain cortex of rats recipients within 36 days after the transplantation. Lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, acid phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, ATPase and aldolase exhibited the dissimilarly decreased rate of activity in brain cortex of Wistar rats after transplantation as compared with the enzymatic activity in intact animals of this strain, while activity of alkaline phosphatase and esterases hydrolyzing alpha-naphthyl acetate was increased. Activation of almost all the enzymes studied was found within 36 days in Wistar rats after the transplantation. The rate of activity of zonal esterase isoenzymes was higher in brain cortex of August rats after transplantation of embryonal nervous tissue from Wistar strain as compared with that of Wistar to Wistar rats transplantation. The data obtained suggest that tissues of donors affected definitely the enzymatic activity in brain cells of rats-recipients as activity of most enzymes studied was higher in brain cortex of donors as compared with that of recipients.
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PMID:[Specifics of changes in various groups of enzymes in rat cerebral cortex after interstrain transplantation of embryonal nerve tissue]. 141 28

To explore the relationship between intestinal fluid absorption and oxidative metabolism, we measured the effects of amino acids and glucose on piglet jejunal ion transport and oxygen consumption (QO2) in vitro. Jejunal QO2 was stimulated by L-glutamine and D-glucose but not by the nonmetabolizable organic solutes methyl beta-D-glucoside or L-phenylalanine. QO2 was maximally enhanced by the combination of D-glucose and L-glutamine (5 mM). Even though 5 mM L-glutamine was previously found to be insufficient to stimulate NaCl absorption, 5 mM L-glutamine enhanced jejunal NaCl flux when combined with equimolar mucosal D-glucose. Either D-glucose or methyl beta-D-glucoside caused an increase in short-circuit current (Isc), an increase in Na+ absorption in excess of Isc, and a decrease in Cl- secretion, when L-glutamine was substituted for D-glucose (10 mM) on the serosal side. This relationship suggests that mucosal sugars, if combined with L-glutamine, enhance neutral NaCl absorption as well as electrogenic Na+ flow. (Aminooxy)acetate, an inhibitor of alanine aminotransferase, abolished the stimulation of QO2 and the NaCl-absorptive response to L-glutamine. We conclude that the oxidative metabolism fueled by L-glutamine is linked to a NaCl-absorptive mechanism in the intestine. We propose that the CO2 produced by glutamine metabolism yields carbonic acid, which dissociates to H+ and HCO3-, which may stimulate parallel antiports in the apical membrane.
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PMID:L-glutamine with D-glucose stimulates oxidative metabolism and NaCl absorption in piglet jejunum. 147 2


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