Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

After prolonged application of ethanol the liver and brain of rats show an appreciable increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity, noticeable lowering of cytoplasmic aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activity, elevation of liver arginine succinate lyase activity with unchanged activities of other enzymes of the ornithine cycle (ornithine carbamoyltransferase and arginase), reduction of glutamate and malate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase activity in brain tissue. Concurrent application of ethanol and pyridoxine normalizes the effect of ethanol on liver arginine succinate lyase and on brain tissue lactate and malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase.
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PMID:[Enzyme activity changes in chronic alcoholic intoxication and the simultaneous administration of pyridoxine]. 689 33

This study describes an occupational health survey carried out in the polyester industry in order to investigate the hepatic effects caused by exposure to styrene. Fifty-seven workers underwent a medical examination. They were submitted to blood and urine sampling for the determination of the degree of exposure, by the analysis of urinary mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids (styrene metabolites), and the intensity of induction and/or hepatic effects, by the analysis of urinary glucaric acid and plasma enzyme activities (gamma glutamyl transferase, ornithine carbamoyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase). The results showed that styrene does not give rise to measurable autoinduction. With regard to the hepatic tests, exposure to styrene caused an increase in the plasma enzyme activities, a phenomenon illustrating a possible damaging effect on liver cells. This effect appears with exposure below 100 ppm (time-weighted average).
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PMID:Study of some hepatic effects (induction and toxicity) caused by occupational exposure to styrene in the polyester industry. 693 26

Serum levels of ornithine carbamyl transferase (S-OCT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase were compared for 37 Reye's syndrome patients with regard to variation with clinical stage an serum ammonia levels. In stage I patients, the mean S-OCT activities were greater and the serum ammonia levels lower than found with patients in the more advanced stages. Covariation of these two parameters was found only in the more advanced stages. No significant correlation with stage or serum ammonia levels was found for S-GOT or S-GPT activities. These observations are discussed in terms of their relevance to reports of an early transient decrease of hepatic OCT activity in Reye's syndrome.
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PMID:Serum ornithine carbamyl transferase activities in Reye's syndrome. 706 88

Of 510 adult buffaloes examined, 88 (17.3 per cent) were found to be suffering from Fasciola gigantica infestation. There was a reduction in the haemoglobin, packed cell volume and red blood cell count in the fasciola affected buffaloes and an increase in their white blood cell count. There was no significant change in mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin or mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration in the fasciola affected buffaloes. There was also a decrease in total serum protein and albumin concentrations and in the albumin globulin ratio and significant increase in alpha globulin and gamma globulin concentrations and in the activity of the serum enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, serum alkaline phosphatase and ornithine carbamoyl transferase.
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PMID:Changes in blood cellular components, serum protein concentrations and serum enzyme activities in buffaloes infested with Fasciola gigantica. 714 34

Primary cultures of hepatocytes from postnatal Sprague-Dawley rats were grown in arginine-deficient, ornithine-supplemented medium to inhibit fibroblastic overgrowth and to selectively isolate relatively pure cultures of parenchymal hepatocytes. This system of primary cultures of rat hepatocytes was utilized to evaluate the cytotoxicity of certain tricyclic antidepressant drugs (TCAs). The compounds tested were chosen to represent two distinct chemical classifications of TCAs: the dibenzazepine derivatives, imipramine (1) and desipramine (D), and the dibenzocycloheptadiene derivatives, amitriptyline (A) and nortriptyline (N). The study also allowed direct comparison of the parent tertiary amines, A and I, and their respective demethylated pharmacologically active metabolites, N and D. The hepatotoxicity of the compounds was determined by measuring leakage of cytoplasmic enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), into the culture medium and by assessing cell viability by the trypan blue dye exclusion test. LDH leakage was a more sensitive index of early cellular injury in this study. The compounds demonstrated a dose- and time-dependent order of toxicity; their hepatotoxicity potency was ranked as A = N greater than D greater than I.
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PMID:Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of tricyclic antidepressants in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. 726

The influence of a raw green gram (RGG) diet, an autoclaved green gram (AGG) diet and green gram trypsin inhibitors (GGTI) incorporated in AGG diet on urinary and blood urea and creatinine levels in rats was studied. The activities of certain liver enzymes of pathways associated with protein or amino acid metabolism were also studied. The levels of urea and creatinine in urine and blood were found to be significantly increased in rats fed the RGG and GGTI-incorporated AGG diets when compared to the animals fed with the AGG diet. The levels of enzyme activities of arginase, ornithine transcarbamoylase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were also found to be significantly increased along with that of urea and creatinine, The possible role of GGTI on the altered levels of the above-mentioned parameters is discussed.
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PMID:Influence of dietary raw green gram (Phaseolus aureus Roxb) and green gram trypsin inhibitors on the activity of certain protein metabolism enzymes in rats. 733 25

We examined the polyamine metabolism in liver transplanted after cold ischemia and effects of putrescine administration on liver injury, liver regeneration, and survival rate after orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat. Male Wistar rats were used as donors and recipients. Grafts were stored in Euro-Collins solution for 6 h at 4 degrees C. Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed by the three cuff technique. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase elevated and peaked 4 h after liver transplantation. Hepatic ornithine decarboxylase and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase activities were also elevated and peaked 8 h after the operation. In agreement with the increases in ornithine decarboxylase and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase activities, the putrescine content increased and spermidine content decreased in the transplanted liver. Putrescine administrated intraperitoneally improved the survival rate, decreased serum transaminase level and increased the [3H]thymidine incorporation into the liver DNA. These findings suggest that both biosynthetic and biodegradative pathways are stimulated in liver transplantation, resulting in the increase in the formation of putrescine from ornithine and from spermidine, and that putrescine administration improve the survival rate by protecting the damaged graft after cold ischemia and reperfusion and by stimulating liver regeneration.
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PMID:Polyamine metabolism in the rat liver after orthotopic liver transplantation. 749 79

Blood samples were collected from 158 Holstein-Friesian cows and analysed for aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and ornithine carabamoyltransferase activities and glucose, total bilirubin, triglyceride, cholesterol-ester and non-esterified fatty acids concentrations. Ultrasonography of the liver was performed, and hepatic ultrasonograms were evaluated subjectively or analysed digitally, and liver samples were examined histopathologically. The diagnostic rates for the different tests were compared. Of the 158 animals, 117 had a normal liver and 41 had fatty infiltration of the liver. For diagnosis of fatty infiltration, digital analysis had the highest sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values, followed by ultrasonography.
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PMID:Comparative evaluation of fatty infiltration of the liver in dairy cattle by using blood and serum analysis, ultrasonography, and digital analysis. 761 May 50

The amphistomes Gigantocotyle explanatum and Gastrothylax crumenifer utilize leucine, alanine, proline and methionine during in vitro incubations. Autoradiography on sections of these flukes reveal a time-dependent differential incorporation of tritium-labelled amino acids in various tissues. The tegument appears to be the primary surface through which amino acids are absorbed. Following absorption, the reappearance of [3H]-leucine and [3H]-alanine on the tegumental surface during late chase periods indicates their possible involvement in tegumental secretion. A combination of diffusion and carrier-mediated uptake, possibly involving gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, is indicated. The transport loci show differences in carrier-affinity (Kt) and maximum uptake velocities (Vmax) for amino acids under study, which suggest multiple transport molecules. Metabolic studies reveal that aspartate, alanine, ornithine, proline, leucine and methionine undergo transamination through 2-oxoglutarate-linked transaminases, distributed in the cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions of G. explanatum and G. crumenifer. With the exception of alanine transaminase, the enzyme levels in the cytosolic fraction were higher than the mitochondrial fraction of the two amphistomes. Predominantly cytosolic glutamate dehydrogenase which was comparatively higher in G. explanatum, catalyse amination of alpha-ketoglutarate. A high level of cytosolic arginase alone does not indicate a functional urea cycle. A tentative pathway of amino acid metabolism in these amphistomes is proposed.
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PMID:[3H]-amino acid uptake and metabolic studies on Gigantocotyle explanatum and Gastrothylax crumenifer (Digenea: Paramphistomidae). 763 32

Changes in the serum concentrations of aspartic aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), rhodanese and arginase were measured in dogs, sheep and cattle with hepatic necrosis induced by the oral administration of carbon tetrachloride. A new method for arginase assay was based on the determination of remaining arginine (after its conversion to urea and ornithine) by its reaction with p-nitrophenyl glyoxal (PNPG). In all species studied the serum arginase increased 6-12 h after liver damage, reached a peak value in 48 h and returned to normal thereafter. Rhodanese activity did not change in dogs but rose significantly in sheep and, to a lesser extent, in cattle. AST increased strikingly in sheep as compared with dogs and cattle and remained high for > 5 days. In dogs ALT rose sharply and remained elevated for > 10 days. No change in ALT was seen in sheep or cattle. The determination of arginase by a simple procedure such as the PNPG method, in conjunction with AST or ALT assay, may be of value in assessing the stage of liver necrosis.
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PMID:Changes in arginase, aminotransferases and rhodanese in sera of domestic animals with experimentally induced liver necrosis. 804 Mar 68


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