Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
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Four population groups in Burundi were examined with respect to the following genetic markers: Hp, HbS, G6PD, 6PGD, PGM, ADA, AK, PHI, LDH, AcP, PGK, PGAM, DPGM, Dia-1, MDH, ICD, EsD, GOT and GPT. Based on the distributions of these markers a distinction could be made between 2 groups: Tutsis from Burundi and Rwanda on the one hand, and Bantus from Burundi and Zaire on the other. Some significant variations were, however, also noted inside each of these 2 groups. A factorial analysis which considered the data from a quantitative point of view confirms these conclusions.
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PMID:A study of genetic markers of the blood in four Central African population groups. 715 31

The maximum extractable activities of twenty-one photosynthetic and glycolytic enzymes were measured in mature leaves of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum plants, grown under a 12 h light 12 h dark photoperiod, exhibiting photosynthetic characteristics of either a C3 or a Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant. Following the change from C3 photosynthesis to CAM in response to an increase in the salinity of in the rooting medium from 100 mM to 400 mM NaCl, the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31) increased about 45-fold and the activities of NADP malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) and NAD malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.38) increased about 4- to 10-fold. Pyruvate, Pi dikinase (EC 2.7.9.1) was not detected in the non-CAM tissue but was present in the CAM tissue; PEP carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32) was detected in neither tissue. The induction of CAM was also accompanied by large increases in the activities of the glycolytic enzymes enolase (EC 4.2.1.11), phosphoglyceromutase (EC 2.7.5.3), phosphoglycerate kinase (EC 2.7.2.3), NAD glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12), and glucosephosphate isomerase (EC 2.6.1.2). There were 1.5- to 2-fold increases in the activities of NAD malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (EC 2.6.1.2 and 2.6.1.1 respectively) and NADP glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.13). The activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11), phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11), hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.2) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) remained relatively constant. NADP malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.82) activity exhibited two pH optima in the non-CAM tissue, one at pH 6.0 and a second at pH 8.0. The activity at pH 8.0 increased as CAM was induced. With the exceptions of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the activities of all enzymes examined in extracts from M. crystallinum exhibiting CAM were equal to, or greater than, those required to sustain the maximum rates of carbon flow during acidification and deacidification observed in vivo. There was no day-night variation in the maximum extractable activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, NADP malic enzyme, NAD malic enzyme, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and NADP malate dehydrogenase in leaves of M. crystallinum undergoing CAM.
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PMID:Activity of enzymes of carbon metabolism during the induction of Crassulacean acid metabolism in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. 2427 20

1. Electron microscopic studies of the sieve tube sap obtained from the secondary phloem of Robinia pseudoacacia by the method of Hartig (1860) showed the presence of well developed mitochondria in addition to membrane fragments. 2. In this sieve tube sap the following enzymes could be detected qualitatively: UTP-glucose-1-phosphate-uridyl transferase, UDPG-fructose glucosyl transferase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase (for glucose and fructose), phosphohexose isomerase, phosphofructokinase, and UDPG-pyrophosphatase. 3. The following enzymes were determined quantitatively: phosphorylase, amylase, aldolase, triosephosphate isomerase, NAD(+)-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglyceromutase, enolase, pyruvate kinase, pyruvate decarboxylase, alcohol dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, fumarase, malate dehydrogenase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase, and anorganic pyrophosphatase. 4. The following enzymes could not be detected: UDGP dehydrogenase, UDPG-fructose-6-phosphate-glucosyltransferase, invertase, phosphoglucomutase, lactate dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase. 5. The enzyme pattern in the sieve tube saps of Tilia platyphyllos, Carpinus betulus, Fraxinus americana, Quercus borealis maxima, and Salix viminalis is qualitatively similar to that of Robinia, but shows quantitative differences (as far as analyzed). 6. The meaning of the results for the metabolism and function of the sieve tubes in situ is discussed.
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PMID:[Enzyme activities in the sieve tube sap of Robinia pseudoacacia L. and of other tree species]. 2449 58