Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the behaviour of serum myoglobin and of serum enzymes in 25 young men, before and after physical stress. The stress appeared to markedly increase myoglobin, aldolase and CK activity and to a lesser extent GOT. Myoglobin, aldolase return to normal levels within 24 hours but CK appeared to decrease more slowly. The simultaneous determination of some organic-specific enzymes (CK-MB, gamma-GT, GPT) permitted us to state that the myocardium and liver are not involved in the increase of tests following muscular stress.
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PMID:[Variations in serum myoglobin due to physical exertion]. 613 26

Radioimmunoassays specific for fructose-1, 6-diphosphate aldolase isozymes were developed for the quantification of human aldolase A, B and C. The method is a double-antibody radioimmunoassay using radioiodinated purified aldolase A, B and C as ligand, chicken antibodies to aldolase A, B and C, and rabbit antibodies to chicken IgG. The Iodogen method was used for the iodination of aldolase A, B and C in this study. Aldolase A was predominantly high in concentration in muscle, aldolase B was high in normal adult liver, and aldolase C was high in adult brain. Aldolase A was elevated in hepatoma tissue and hepatoma cell lines, where aldolase B was distinctly low. Normal serum levels for the three isozymes were determined. The aldolase A levels in serum obtained from 41 normal subjects were 170 +/- 39 ng/ml. Serum aldolase A levels were increased in many patients with cancer and muscle diseases, but were not increased in patients with hepatitis or other benign diseases. Serum aldolase B levels obtained from 11 normal subjects were 28.5 +/- 9.2 ng/ml. Serum aldolase B levels were increased in patients with hepatitis and correlated well with serum GPT levels. Serum aldolase C levels obtained from 12 normal subjects were 2.4 +/- 0.7 ng/ml. The determination of aldolase A, B and C by radioimmunoassay may be a valuable tool in biochemical and clinical studies of aldolase isozymes.
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PMID:Subunit-specific radioimmunoassay for aldolase A, B, and C subunits: clinical significance. 632 58

The effect of a four-week experiment on ten fa/fa Zucker rats (aged seven weeks at the beginning) fed on a lipid-rich diet (HL: 31 per cent w/w lipids, 45.6 per cent starch) was compared to that of a control diet (C: 10 per cent lipids, 66 per cent starch) on control Fa/- rats using a special pair-feeding apparatus that made it possible to obtain an identical intake rhythm. Energy level of the intake was significantly higher for the HL diet than for the C diet. At the end of the experiment, fa/fa rats remained obese and hyperlipemic, and still showed liver steatosis. With equal energy levels ingested, the obesity of fa/fa rats was comparable for both diets; hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were identical for both diets. When compared to the C diet, the HL diet modified neither their obesity nor their hyperlipemia. Obese rat liver on the HL diet showed lower levels for triacylglycerols, cholesterol, GGT, ALT, LDH and aldolase activities, while hepatic glycerol kinase and AST activities were higher than and comparable to, respectively, the C diet. Thus the HL diet led to a decreased liver steatosis for fa/fa rats as compared to the C diet.
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PMID:Influence of diet composition on obesity, hyperlipemia and liver steatosis in Zucker fa/fa rats pair-fed with Zucker Fa/- rats. 637 17

Skeletal limb muscles of the dog could generally be differentiated into three fibre types according to myosin adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) (pH 9.4) and succinic dehydrogenase activities. However, because this was not always possible, for comparative purposes only, division into low myosin ATPase (slow twitch) type I and high myosin ATPase (fast twitch) type II fibres was used. The percentage of these fibre types in m deltoideus, m triceps brachii caput longum, m vastus lateralis, m gluteus medius, m biceps femoris and m semitendinosus was examined in the greyhound, crossbred and foxhound. In all muscles the greyhound had a significantly higher percentage of fibres with high myosin ATPase activity at pH 9.4 than the other breeds, with almost 100 per cent in most muscles examined. The activities of nine enzymes and glycogen concentration were determined in m gluteus medius and m semitendinosus of the greyhound and crossbred. Significantly higher levels of creatine kinase, aldolase, alanine aminotransferase and citrate synthase and significantly lower activities of 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase and hexokinase were found in both muscles of the greyhound. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Skeletal muscle fibre composition in the dog and its relationship to athletic ability. 645 29

Investigations were carried out with a total of 276 high-producing and clinically healthy cows that had freshly calved on 11 farms, being divided into groups according to the extent to which ketonuria was present if al all. Whole blood and blood serum were sampled to determine the ketone bodies, blood sugar, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, hemoglobin, inorganic phosphorus, Ca, Mg, total protein, carotene, and activity of the GOT and GPT enzymes as well as the activity of lactic acid dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aldolase, and leucine aminopeptidase. Studied were the body temperature, the pulse rate, and the respiration rate. It was found that on farms with ketosis in cows ketonuria was manifested most often after the ketone bodies in the blood rose to 10-12 mg%. At the same time the blood sugar level was lowered and as a rule it showed reverse correlation with the levels of ketonemia and ketonuria. In such cows there was a lowering trend with the Ca and carotene contents and the erythrocyte count, and the respiration rate was higher. There were no changes in the body temperature, pulse rate, leukocyte count, Ca, Mg, hemoglobin, protein, and the activity of aldolase. The activity of the other enzymes mentioned was higher, and it correlated positively with the rise of ketonemia and ketonuria. With diseased cows the activity of alkaline phosphatase only was shown to be lower, negatively correlating with ketonuria.
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PMID:[Changes in the serum enzymes and clinical and clinico-biochemical indices of cows with subclinical ketosis]. 653 57

Twenty Thoroughbred 3 year old horses (10 stallions and 10 mares), trained and raced at the Warsaw Race-Course were studied from March through November. Blood was taken approximately every 8 weeks to determine the activities of aspartate and alanine transaminases, acid and alkaline phosphatases and aldolase. It was observed that the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase reached their maxima in July and alanine transaminase in May. The activities of acid phosphatase and aldolase showed their minima in July. Comparing these data with the literature it was noted that the changes observed are mainly seasonally-dependent; but, training had some influence on the activity of the enzymes involved in energy metabolism.
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PMID:Seasonal enzyme activity changes in two aminotransferases AspAT and AlAT, acid and alkaline phosphatases and aldolase in the serum of Thoroughbred horses during a racing season. 653 19

Spontaneous thymoma rats, Buffalo/Mna (B/Mna), in which nephrotic syndrome (NS) has recently been observed, have notable features in connection with muscle diseases; they exhibit muscle fatigability and weakness. Some biochemical measurements used for diagnosis of muscle diseases and NS were performed in these rats. ACI strain served as a reference strain. Urinary creatinine level and serum enzyme activities such as CPK, aldolase, GOT and GPT in the B/Mna rats did not differ from those in the ACI rats. On the other hand, urinary creatine level, the ratio of urinary creatine to creatinine and serum total cholesterol level in the B/Mna rats were significantly greater than those in the ACI rats. B/Mna rats also showed proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia. These results indicate the possibility of some pathological change of skeletal muscles which may result at least partially from abnormal lipid metabolism and hypoproteinemia as a consequence of NS, differing from the typical muscular dystrophy.
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PMID:Biochemical study on spontaneous thymoma rats with motor dysfunction. 662 Jan 16

Some experimental and clinical studies were done from the metabolic viewpoint to elucidate the characteristics of myonephropathic-metabolic syndrome. In experimental dogs with their femoral arteries ligated and two third of femoral muscles divided, aldolase and myoglobin showed remarkable increase without significant changes in electrolytes. Slight increase of GPT and GOT was observed. Amino acids showed elevation in urea, taurin, leucin, isoleucin, valine, threonine, 3-methylhistidine, phenylalanine, histidine, lysine, methionine, tyrosine and anserin and decrease in glutamine, alanine, glycine, proline, carnosine, citrullin and arginine. In patients with acute arterial occlusion, potassium, GOT, LDH, CPK, lactate and pyruvate increased moderately and myoglobin showed remarkable increase and aldolase slight increase. Amino acids showed remarkable increase in 3-methylhistidine and beta-amino-isobutyric acid and moderate increase in phenylalanine and arginine. These results revealed that measurement of free amino acid concentration, especially that of methylhistidine as well as myoglobin, pyruvate, lactate and some other enzymes might be of great help to predict the prognosis of patients with acute arterial occlusion of the extremities.
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PMID:[Metabolic study on acute arterial occlusion of the extremities]. 667 89

The effect of a chronic intake of dietary alcohol upon myocardial enzymes was studied in rats. Alcohol, comprising more than 40% of the dietary calorie content, was administered to rats for 6 or 12 weeks. To assess the metabolic changes in the myocardium, the following enzymes were measured: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), aldolase (ALD), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), creatine kinase (CK) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT). The activity of CK was decreased (4.79 +/- 0.99 U X mg-1 protein) after 6 weeks on alcohol and was significantly different from that of the controls (5.98 +/- 1.44 U X mg-1 protein). After 12 weeks the CK activity of alcoholic rats had recovered to 5.99 +/- 1.08 U X mg protein-1 and approached the value found in the normal myocardium. A pronounced decrease was found in the activity of MDH: 8.26 +/- 0.69 U X mg protein-1 in the controls, and 6.78 +/- 1.07 U X mg protein-1 and 5.79 +/- 0.85 U X mg protein-1 in the alcoholic rats after 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. The LDH activity decreased to a lesser extent, but significantly: 2.45 +/- 0.18 U X mg protein-1 in the controls, and 2.11 +/- 0.07 U X mg protein-1 and 2.06 +/- 0.29 U X mg protein-1 after 6 and 12 weeks on test. Only slight, not significant, changes were observed for the other enzymes investigated (ICDH, ALD, GPT).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Enzyme activity changes in rat heart after chronic alcohol ingestion. 668 85

Studies on the influence of long-lasting hyperthyroidism on enzyme activities and total protein level in the blood plasma of adult Leghorn hens showed that: 1. Protein level during whole experimental period showed inconsiderable variability irrespective of T4 dose. 2. Activity of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (GPT) increased. Changes were dependent on T4 dosage level. 3. T4 had no effect on activity of aldolase.
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PMID:The effect of repeated administration of L-thyroxine on the activity of certain enzymes in the blood plasma of hens. 668 47


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