Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We sought to determine if there were any differences in the results of clinical laboratory tests between blood samples collected from the orbital venous plexus and the posterior vena cava of adult male rats. Thirty healthy adult male Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized by ether inhalation, and blood samples were collected successively from the orbital venous plexus (OVP) and the posterior vena cava (PVC) for hematologic (n = 10), serum chemistry (n = 10), and coagulation (n = 10) analyses. The prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times of samples from the OVP were prolonged (17% and 288%, respectively) when compared with samples from the PVC. Respective hematologic biases were as follows: red blood cell count (7%), hemoglobin (6%), hematocrit (5%), mean corpuscular volume (-3%), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (-1%), mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (1%), white blood cell count (13%), and platelet count (-7%). Respective serum chemistry biases were as follows: sorbitol dehydrogenase (-7%), glucose (-7%), blood urea nitrogen (-10%), creatinine (-2%), total protein (4%), albumin (2%), globulin (9%), alkaline phosphatase (5%), lactate dehydrogenase (-6%), aspartate aminotransferase (-5%), alanine aminotransferase (-2%), total bilirubin (0%), direct bilirubin (0%), magnesium (-17%), sodium (4%), potassium (0), chloride (4%), calcium (-2%), phosphorous (-17%), cholesterol (3%), triglycerides (24%), creatinine kinase (-8%), 5'nucleotidase (0%), and total bile acids (4%). For hematologic testing, there were no biologically significant differences between samples collected from the OVP and PVC. The coagulation times and serum Mg and P showed biologically significant differences between samples collected from the OVP and PVC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of bleeding site on clinical laboratory testing of rats: orbital venous plexus versus posterior vena cava. 132 Jan 64

A 52-week oral repeated dose toxicity study of suplatast tosilate (IPD-1151T), a newly developed anti-allergic agent, was carried out in beagles by oral administration of 30, 90, 270 and 810 mg/kg/day for 52 weeks. The recovery study was carried out by the withdrawal for 5 weeks using control and the 810 mg/kg groups. The results are as follows: 1. Observation of general conditions revealed soft feces, mucous feces, and diarrhea in both sexes of the 270 and 810 mg/kg groups during the administration period, and these findings disappeared during the withdrawal period. One female of the 810 mg/kg group exhibited tremors in the legs and neck, staggering, a decrease of spontaneous motor activity, and clonic convulsions in Week 17 of administration and died on Day 118. One male of the same group exhibited whole body tremors and staggering from Week 32 to Week 52. 2. Body weight gain tended to be inhibited in males of the 810 mg/kg group during the administration period. The body weight of the female that died decreased rapidly after the appearance of neurological symptoms. The body weight of the male that exhibited neurological symptoms decreased after their appearance but later increased. 3. There were no abnormal changes in food consumption in all of the sacrificed dogs. The female that died did not eat at all after the appearance of neurological symptoms. The male that exhibited neurological symptoms did not eat at all for 1 week after their appearance, but the food consumption returned to normal thereafter. 4. Prothrombin times were prolonged in males of the 270 and 810 mg/kg groups at Week 26, and activated partial thromboplastin times were prolonged in males of the 810 mg/kg group at Week 52. 5. Plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase, GPT and LDH were elevated in some males and females of the 810 mg/kg groups. 6. No abnormalities due to IPD-1151T administration were found in urinalysis, opthalmological examination, electrocardiography, and fecal occult blood examination, or organ weights. 7. Autopsies including histopathological and electron microscopic examinations on the sacrificed dogs revealed no abnormalities. Subserosal hemorrhage in the base of the heart, congestion in the lungs, congestion and vacuolation in the liver and slight cell infiltration around vessels of the brain were found in the female that died.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[A fifty two-week oral repeated dose toxicity study of suplatast tosilate (IPD-1151T) in dogs]. 132 Dec 56

The prognostic value of hemostatic parameters after orthotopic liver transplantation was evaluated in 37 consecutive patients. Six simple hemostatic parameters (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, thrombin coagulase time, plasma fibrinogen and platelet count) were obtained for each patient pre-transplantation and daily post-transplantation for at least 8 days. Using the results of these tests, the degree of hemostatic impairment was arbitrarily scored from 0 to 6. Starting from the first day post-transplantation, hemostatic parameters improved progressively, reaching plateau values on day 7 post-transplantation. On day 8 there were significant differences in the activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and in the overall hemostatic scores between patients who survived at least 6 months and those who died. Comparing these hemostasis parameters with such liver function tests as AST, ALT and serum bilirubin, univariate analysis showed that activated partial thromboplastin time, coagulation score and AST were significant predictors of 6-month survival, but by multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazard rate model) only the activated partial thromboplastin time was an independent predictor. Hence, a simple coagulation test is useful for predicting the survival of patients undergoing liver transplantation.
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PMID:Prognostic value of hemostatic parameters after liver transplantation. 150 28

Patients with severe Lassa fever have high serum levels of liver enzymes. Studies of the histology of the liver have shown only minor alterations, seemingly insufficient to account for death. Pichinde virus is an arenavirus which causes severe illness similar to Lassa fever in strain 13 guinea pigs, but does not cause severe illness in man. This can serve as a relatively safe model for studying the pathology and pathophysiology of fatal arenaviral infection. We used this infection to evaluate the effect of arenavirus on liver morphology and function. When guinea pigs were infected with Pichinde virus, all developed severe disease and died within 14 days of infection. The animals lost large amounts of weight. Higher levels of virus were detected in the liver than in serum. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were elevated late in the course of the disease; no elevations were seen in gamma glutamyl transpeptidase or bilirubin. Alkaline phosphatase, initially high in these growing animals, was markedly decreased early in infection. Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were increased late in the disease, and decreased levels of Factors VIII and IX were seen relatively early. Fatty metamorphosis, indicating problems in lipid processing, occurred by day 11, but necrosis was minor and occurred late. Pichinde virus infection results in significant alterations in the metabolic and synthetic capacities of the hepatocytes early in infection in the absence of significant necrosis.
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PMID:The effect of an arenavirus infection on liver morphology and function. 197 92

The effects of soman poisoning on hematological (counts of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets and measurement of hematocrit) and coagulation parameters (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and concentrations of fibrinogen, factor V, factor VII, and factor XI) and serum biochemistry (concentration of albumin, protein, calcium, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), magnesium, and creatinine and activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholinesterase, creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and amylase) were determined at 1, 2, 4, 24, and 48 hours after poisoning of rabbits. There were significant (p less than 0.05) decreases in the RBC counts in all treatment groups that were measured initially at 4 hours and were reflected by parallel decreases in the hematocrit values. These changes were probably due to an increase in the hemolysis of the RBC rather than a decrease in the production of RBC. There were minor changes in the coagulation parameters. Generally, the fibrinogen content increased. The activated partial thromboplastin time decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) 24 and 48 hours after soman (50 micrograms/kg) poisoning. Blood cholinesterase values were significantly reduced in all treatment groups at all time periods. The CPK activity was increased after 4 and 24 hours in the 20 and 50 micrograms/kg soman groups. There were minor changes in the other biochemistry values, but none that showed a dose-response relationship; thus, they were considered to be of limited significance with regard to the toxic manifestations of soman exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of soman poisoning on hematology and coagulation parameters and serum biochemistry in rabbits. 212 98

To investigate hemostatic changes after artificial valve replacement, I studied platelets, fibrinogen (Fbg), antithrombin III (AT-III), fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), thrombotest (TT), prothrombin time (PT), bleeding time (BT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in 75 patients complicated with combined cardiac valvular disease. Twenty-nine patients with tricuspid regurgitation (TR group) and 46 patients without that (control group) were compared. 1) TR group, that contained patients with severer cases, showed a significantly longer operative time and greater bleeding volume than control group (p less than 0.01). 2) Many patients in TR group showed high serum II, frequency of abnormal platelet functions during and after extracorporeal circulation total-bilirubin and GPT level after operation and higher ICG R-value before operation than in control group. 3) After operation, the platelet count was significantly lower in TR group (p less than 0.01) than in control group, and was lowest on the 3rd postoperative day in both groups. 4) In both groups Fbg increased significantly after operation, and was lower in TR group on the 7th and 10th postoperative days than in control group. FDP was significantly higher in TR group than in control group after the 3rd postoperative day. 5) BT and APTT were similar in the two groups. 6) PT and TT were lower in TR group before operation (p less than 0.01) than in control group, and decreased after operation and administration of anticoagulants in both groups. These results indicate that patients with combined cardiac valvular disease with tricuspid regurgitation have a hemorrhagic tendency due to disorders of extrinsic coagulant, which may be caused by liver hypofunction, and are easy to bleed.
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PMID:[Hemostatic changes after artificial valve replacement--especially tricuspid regurgitation]. 223 Mar 77

Fifteen Thai children, diagnosed with dengue hemorrhagic fever and admitted to the Children's Hospital in Bangkok, were studied. All cases were serologically proved to be secondary dengue infections. The clinical signs and symptoms in the first few days of the acute febrile phase were similar to those observed in cases with classical dengue fever, and included continuously high fever, headache, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, etc. In the laboratory findings we noted hypoalbuminemia and mild elevation of the GOT and GPT. The hemogram showed an increasing atypical lymphocyte count during the acute febrile period. Prolongations of the partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time were also found, especially in the severe shock cases. All patients had varying degrees of hepatomegaly and pleural effusion from their chest x-rays accompanied by a rapid increase in the hematocrit of more than 20% and a fall in the platelet count to less than 100000/microliters. During the plasma leakage period the patients easily developed shock, even leading to death, unless adequate fluid supplies were given. This is also the major pathophysiological difference between dengue hemorrhagic fever and classical dengue fever. Although some studies concerning the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever have been reported, but the exact mechanisms need further investigation.
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PMID:[Clinical observation of 15 Thai children with dengue hemorrhagic fever]. 234 55

A 2-month-old boy was admitted to our hospital because of poor sucking and jaundice. There were no abnormalities during the whole period of pregnancy and at birth. His mother was a HBeAb positive HBsAg carrier, but prophylactic maneuver such as anti-HB immunoglobulin and HB vaccine was not performed on him at birth. Physical examination on admission revealed mild disturbance of consciousness. The laboratory findings showed marked increments of serum bilirubin, GOT, GPT, and NH3, and prolongation of prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and hepaplastin test. Thus, he was diagnosed as fulminant hepatitis and treated with exchange transfusion once or twice a day. Biochemical data improved gradually, but hypocoagulable states remained unchanged. At that time we decided to use Factor VII concentrate, because we found that, among several coagulation factors, factor VII activity decreased most rapidly after exchange transfusion. The alternate therapy of exchange transfusion and Factor VII concentrate improved his coagulation abnormality without any side effects. Our experience suggests that the combination therapy of exchange transfusion and Factor VII concentrate may be useful for management of fulminant hepatitis, particularly for uncontrollable coagulopathy.
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PMID:[Successful treatment of an infant with fulminant hepatitis by factor VII concentrate]. 260 16

Adult wild-trapped opossums were infected with Leishmania donovani (Khartoum strain, WR 378) and evaluated as an animal model of visceral leishmaniasis. All infected opossums died within 32 days. Loss of body fat, hepatomegaly, and petechiae of skin and abdominal musculature were seen at necropsy. Microscopically, numerous amastigote-laden macrophages were seen in histologic sections of liver, spleen, and lymph nodes; fewer parasite-laden macrophages were in the bronchial-associated lymphoid tissues and renal glomeruli. Hematological findings included thrombocytopenia (terminal), neutropenia, and lymphopenia. Blood lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin was decreased markedly at day 24 post-infection (PI). Serum antibodies (1:40 dilution) to promastigotes of L. donovani were detected in five of eight infected opossums tested on days 10 and 24 PI. Total bilirubin concentrations and alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were increased after day 25 PI. Activated partial thromboplastin times and one-stage prothrombin times were prolonged before death. Concurrently, factors V, VIII, and XII activities were decreased.
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PMID:Experimental visceral leishmaniasis in the opossum. 276 21

Bromovinyldeoxyuridine (BVDU), a substituted pyrimidine analog with antiviral activity, was given orally to beagle dogs (6/sex/dosage) at dosages of 0, 5, 12, and 30 mg/kg/day for 52 weeks. Complete physical examinations, including ECG recordings and rectal temperature measurements, and clinical laboratory determinations were performed every 13 weeks. At the end of the dosing period, 4 dogs/sex/dosage were sacrificed and complete gross and microscopic examinations performed. The remaining 2 dogs/sex/dosage were sacrificed following a 13-week recovery period. BVDU had no effect on feed consumption, respiration, body temperature, or heart rate. At 30 mg/kg, males gained less weight than controls. At 12 mg/kg (males) and 30 mg/kg (both sexes) there were slight, but statistically significant decreases in mean corpuscular volume, but no changes in red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit, or hemoglobin, and no evidence of reticulocytosis. In males dosed at 30 mg/kg, during the last 6 months of dosing, partial thromboplastin times, serum alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase increased, and cholesterol decreased. Histologically, bile ductule hyperplasia and gall bladder epithelial hyperplasia were present at 12 and 30 mg/kg in both sexes at the end of both the dosing and recovery periods. At 30 mg/kg, bone marrow hypocellularity and testicular germ cell atrophy were also present in males. Thus, the liver and gall bladder are the major target organs of chronically administered BVDU in dogs. BVDU causes degenerative and proliferative hepatobiliary damage, and secondarily causes changes in clinical chemical parameters. At higher dosages, there are hypoplastic and degenerative changes in the bone marrow and testes.
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PMID:The chronic toxicity of bromovinyldeoxyuridine in beagle dogs. 320 11


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