Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The method for the determination of enzymic activity in turbid, lipaemic sera, which involves clearing by polyanion precipitation with heparin and magnesium chloride, was critically reviewed. In the diagnosis of diseases of the liver and pancreas, which are frequently associated with hyperlipoproteinaemia, only residual enzyme activities are measured in the cleared serum after polyanion treatment. In the measurement of glutamate dehydrogenase and in the Phadebas test for alpha-amylase, the enzymes are inactivated by treatment with heparin and magnesium chloride. On the other hand, as a result of polyanion precipitation gamma-glutamyl transferase is transferred, together with lipoproteins and chylomicrons, to the lipid-rich supernatant. Acid phosphatase also exhibits only residual activity in cleared serum. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, leucine arylamidase, cholinesterase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and the activity of alpha-amylase in the Merckotest are not affected by polyanion treatment of the serum.
 ...
PMID:[Enzyme diagnosis in lipaemic sera before and after polyanion precipitation with heparin and magnesium chloride (author's transl)]. 92 35

The activities of aspartate transminase (EC 2.6.1.1), alanine transminase (EC 2.6.1.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) leucine arylamidase (EC 3.4.1.1), aldolase (EC 4.1.2), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.38) and cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) were measured in serum of male rabbits and albino Wistar rats in dlplicate by means of microliter techniques. Furthermore, the diurnal alterations of enzyme activity were established in 8--10 animals of both species. Aspartate transaminase activity in the serum of rats was found to be significantly higher than in the serum of humans and rabbits, and essentially lower alkaline phosphatase values were obtained from the serum of rabbits in comparison with those found for the serum of humans and rats. Relatively high acid phosphatase and aldolase values as well as a very low cholinesterase activity were found in the serum of rabbits and rats. The mean malate dehydrogenase-activity was found to be twice as high as the mean lactate dehydrogenase, which is the contrary of the situation found in human serum. No significant diural alterations of the examined enzyme activities were established. The differences found between the animal and the human enzyme activities in serum are explained by species-determined peculiarities of metabolism or specific enzyme configuration.
 ...
PMID:[Enzyme activities in serum of rabbits and rats-reference values and circadian alterations. Serum enzymes and factors that influence their activity,I (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)]. 103 68

In the serum of 40 male and 40 female rats the following parameters were determined: Sodium, potassium, creatinine, chloride, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, glucose, urea, protein, cholesterol, bilirubin, lipids, alanine amino-transferase, alkaline phosphatase and leucine arylamidase. The analyses were carried out in the same rats both after continuous feeding, and after a 24-hour fasting periods spaced at intervals of 3- to 4-weeks. The concentration of glucose and the activities of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were higher after feeding than after fasting, and in most cases these differences were statistically significant. The concentration of lipids tended towards increased values. The other parameters examined were slightly or not influenced by the time of the foregoing feeding.
 ...
PMID:[The influence of feeding on clinical-chemical parameters in the serum of rats (author's transl)]. 119 11

A prospective study was performed in the Dutch flower bulb culture to investigate the possible effects of subchronic exposure to the soil fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (DCP) on liver and kidney function and on glutathione conjugation capacity in blood. Urine spot samples and venous blood samples from 14 workers applying DCP (applicators) were taken at the start of the season in July, and after the season in October. The parameters of liver function measured were: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, and total bilirubin (conjugated and unconjugated). Total bilirubin was significantly decreased from 9.5 before to 7.0 mumol/l after the season. In combination with an increase in serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity from 12.5 to 19.5 U/l this indicates moderate hepatic enzyme induction. To study renal function, creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin in serum, and beta 2-microglobulin, albumin, alanine aminopeptidase, beta-galactosidase, and retinol binding protein in urine were measured. The glomerular function parameters albumin in urine and creatinine in serum changed significantly during the season: albumin concentration increased from 5.2 to 7.6 mg/l, whereas creatinine concentration [corrected] decreased from 93.0 to 87.5 mumol/l. The tubular function parameter retinol binding protein also increased in concentration from 20.0 to 26.9 micrograms/l. Therefore, a subclinical nephrotoxic effect of subchronic exposure to DCP cannot be excluded. Effects on glutathione conjugation capacity were studied by measuring erythrocyte glutathione S-transferase activity and blood glutathione concentrations. The activity of glutathione S-transferase in erythrocytes was significantly decreased from 4.7 before to 3.3 U/g haemoglobin after the season. The same was true for the blood glutathione concentrations, which decreased from 0.93 to 0.82 mM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Biological effect monitoring of occupational exposure to 1,3-dichloropropene: effects on liver and renal function and on glutathione conjugation. 191 9

Excretion of urinary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27), gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT, EC 2.3.2.2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP, EC 3.1.3.1), alanine aminopeptidase (AAP, EC 3.4.11.-), alanine aminotransferase (GPT, EC 2.6.1.2) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG, EC 3.2.1.30) was studied following a single i.v. application of 1 mg mercuric chloride/kg body weight or a radio contrast medium (SH H 340 AB) at a dose of 7.5 g iodine/kg body weight in rats. Measurements of urinary enzymes and serum urea nitrogen and creatinine were carried out on the second, third, fourth and ninth days after treatment. Histological examinations of kidneys were performed on day 9. A drastic increase in urinary LDH and moderate increase in gamma-GT, ALP and AAP and a very slight increase in GPT was observed in the first 18-h urine samples after mercuric chloride. This increase in enzymuria was associated with a drastic increase in serum urea nitrogen and creatinine, with a maximum on day 4. The radio contrast medium-treated animals showed a similar but less pronounced pattern of urinary enzymes excretion and only a slight increase of serum urea nitrogen on day 2. A good correlation was found between histological findings and enzymuria as well as serum urea nitrogen and creatinine. Thus, determination of only some urinary enzymes (LDH and gamma-GT) is valuable in predicting early nephrotoxicity and sufficient for the diagnosis of proximal tubule damage in rats.
 ...
PMID:Value of enzyme determinations in urine for the diagnosis of nephrotoxicity in rats. 287 61

The average biological intra-individual CV in 20 patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD), estimated for 14 analytes during a stationary phase, significantly exceeded that for a normal group in the cases of Na+, K+, Cl-, total protein, albumin, cholinesterase, hemoglobin, and alpha-amylase; it did not differ significantly from the normal group for cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminopeptidase; and it was significantly lower than in the normal group for alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. There were no significant sex-related differences in mean intra-individual variation in CLD patients. Individual values were gaussian-distributed for all analytes, including enzymes. The estimated biological component of intra-individual variation and the analytical variation as determined for each laboratory can be used to derive decision-making criteria in monitoring CLD.
 ...
PMID:Intra-individual variation of analytes in serum from patients with chronic liver diseases. 288 11

Twelve serum analytes [triglycerides, cholesterol, total and conjugated bilirubin, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alkaline phosphatase (AP), gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), beta-glucuronidase (beta-glu), alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), and 5'-nucleotidase (5'nuc)] were measured to investigate their correlation with exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT). The relationship between serum lipids, lipophilic toxicants, and the analytes was also evaluated. The beta-glu, 5'nuc, triglycerides, cholesterol, and total bilirubin correlated positively and significantly with log concentrations of serum total PCBs and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), a metabolite of DDT. The more highly chlorinated PCBs (Aroclor 1260) had significant, positive correlations with several serum analytes, but the less chlorinated PCBs (Aroclor 1242) correlated significantly and negatively only with HDL-cholesterol. Triglyceride- and cholesterol-rich lipoproteins were added to serum to determine the effects of lipids on these assays. Several were spuriously elevated. AP and beta-glu were not affected by lipoprotein addition with the methods used in this study. AAP was increased significantly only at triglyceride concentrations exceeding 400 mg/dl. Lipoproteins may be elevated because of deranged lipid metabolism in response to PCBs, or PCBs may be elevated because elevated lipoproteins are present, as in familial triglyceridemia, a relatively common dyslipoproteinemia. Because this relationship is not well understood with respect to cause and effect, we propose the further use in epidemiological investigations of assay methods that are little affected by blood lipids yet are correlated with PCB concentrations. Congener-specific quantification of PCBs would help elucidate the effects of PCBs on assays used to monitor health effects.
 ...
PMID:Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls and lipemia on serum analytes. 302 64

The aminopyrine breath test, postprandial serum bile acids, and routine liver tests were assessed as indicators of liver dysfunction in 38 patients with porphyria cutanea tarda. In 17 patients needle biopsy specimens of the liver were obtained. Bile acids were increased in almost all the patients studied (97%) but impairment of aminopyrine demethylation was found in only 45%. More than 50% of cases had elevated activities of serum alanine aminopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT). All liver biopsy specimens showed fluorescence characteristic of porphyrins. Histologic examination of biopsy material revealed cellular lesions in all cases, the most common pathological findings being fatty degeneration of varying degree and iron accumulation. The most frequent electronmicroscopic changes in the liver were fat droplets, granules containing bile material, and siderosomes in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. However, there was no evident relationship between morphological and functional liver changes.
 ...
PMID:The function and morphology of the liver in porphyria cutanea tarda. 650 22

Statistical analysis of variance was applied to data from determinations of 14 plasma constituents in 25 rats in order to evaluate the analytical, experimental and biological (inter-and intraindividual) component of variance. Blood was taken seven times in intervals of 8-10 days, the last one by catheter technique and the other by heart puncture. The analytical portion of variance was determined by the concurrent analysis of a pool plasma standard. The experimental component of variance was evaluated by the comparison of the variation of the catheter values with that of the pooled data from heart puncture. The coefficient of variation for the latter may be grouped into three categories: less than 10% for protein, Na+, K+, Ca2+; 10-20% for urea, phosphate and the enzymes as alanine aminotransferase, choline esterase, alkaline phosphatase and leucine arylamidase and 20-65% for the other enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase. The results from the samples taken by catheter technique generally revealed the lower values for the mean as well as for the variance. It became evident that the procedure of heart puncture is afflicted with the most aggravating interference factors, thus accounting for most of the experimental component of variance. The observed differences between the single blood drawings, the non-Gaussian distribution for several constituents, and the interactions between the components of variance do not always fit for the statistical concept of additivity of the single components.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Biological, analytical and experimental components of variance in a long-term study of plasma constituents in rat. 660 70