Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The following 10 enzymes were assayed in 187 amniotic fluid and maternal serum samples at 15-42 weeks of gestation: alkaline phosphatase, heat-stable alkaline phosphatase (only in amniotic fluid), acid phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alpha-amylase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and lysozyme. The normal reference ranges are reported for amniotic fluid and maternal serum enzymes, together with the abnormal values accompanying neural tube defects and EPH-gestosis. The determination of gamma-glutamyltransferase, heat-stable alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase was found to be of appreciable diagnostic significance in clinical practice.
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PMID:Variation in some enzymes in amniotic fluid and maternal serum during pregnancy. 256 24

The effect of 17 beta-estradiol (E) on an osteoblast-like cell line, UMR106, was studied in vitro. The concentrations of transferrin and seven enzymes (gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) were measured in these cells after incubation in culture medium containing either E or the vehicle. E treatment increased five of the seven enzymes and increased the transferrin concentration in the UMR106 cells while simultaneously reducing the proliferation rates. 4-Hydroxytamoxifen, an estrogen antagonist, produced a mild estrogen agonist action on growth rates and enzyme concentrations in the UMR106 cells. When E was present simultaneously, the agonist properties of 4-hydroxytamoxifen were enhanced. These studies show that E enhanced activity of five enzymes and the transferrin content of UMR106 cells after a 2-day incubation. 4-Hydroxytamoxifen enhanced the E effect, illustrating that estrogen antagonists may manifest agonist or antagonist properties depending on the model. These results extend our previous observations showing a direct effect of E in vitro on osteoblast-like cells.
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PMID:Biochemical effects of 17 beta-estradiol on UMR106 cells. 256 66

All published and unpublished population frequency data that could be located for U.S. populations is tabulated and presented for the isoenzyme systems phosphoglucomutase, esterase D, adenylate kinase, acid phosphatase, glyoxalase I, adenosine deaminase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, carbonic anhydrase II, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Results obtained by combining data for comparable racial/ethnic groups are also presented. The results obtained with combined data may give better information on frequencies for the U.S. population at large than is obtainable from studies conducted in restricted geographic areas.
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PMID:Distributions of genetic markers in United States populations: II. Isoenzyme systems. 295 46

Perfluorochemical (PFC) emulsion as a perfusate of liver preservation prior to transplantation was evaluated in continuous hypothermic perfusion for 24 hours followed by orthotopic transplantation in inbred male Lewis rat. Three different contents of PFC emulsion that is, 20% (original Fluosol DA), 10% and 0% PFC solution were prepared as a perfusate. Isolated liver was stored for up to 24 hours using a continuous non-pulsatile perfusion technique of closed circuit with each perfusate. Gas content, GOT, GPT, LDH, potassium and glucose of the perfusate were measured. Oxygen consumption of perfused liver was higher in PFC emulsion than non PFC perfusate. Biochemical analysis of perfusate suggested that liver was preserved best in 10% PFC emulsion. Histological findings, especially, acid phosphatase staining, showed better result in PFC groups. One week survival rates after liver graft were 4/6 (66.7%) in 10% PFC solution, 1/6 (16.7%) in 20% and 0/6 (0%) in 0% solution. In spite of the highest oxygen consumption of perfused liver in early phase, 20% PFC emulsion did not bring the good preservation of perfused liver because of impaired circulation due to higher viscosity in low temperature. Ten percent PFC solution is considered the best in hypothermic preservation of the liver.
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PMID:[Perfluorochemical emulsion as a perfusate in 24-hour liver preservation prior to transplantation in the rat]. 305 66

Guinea pig skin was treated with 50 mg/kg sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and nickel (Ni) alone and in combination (50 mg/kg SLS and 50 mg/kg Ni) for 7 and 14 days. Release of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, beta-glucuronidase, lactic dehydrogenase and malic dehydrogenase was observed, following treatment with SLS and Ni alone or in combination. Similarly, the skin contents of amino nitrogen and sulphydryl groups also increased significantly. These alterations were slightly more marked when the skin was treated simultaneously with the combination of SLS and Ni. The present study suggests that industrial workers or populations exposed simultaneously to SLS and Ni are more prone to dermal irritation or inflammation.
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PMID:Effect of sodium lauryl sulphate and nickel alone and in combination on the skin of guinea pigs. 317 54

1. Alkaline phosphatase [EC 3.1.3.1], acid phosphatase [EC 3.1.3.2], aspartate aminotransferase [ASAT, EC 2.6.1.1] and alanine aminotransferase [ALAT, EC 2.6.1.2] were measured in mucosal homogenates of different segments of the alimentary tract of White Rock cockerels. 2. The activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases were higher in the duodenum, jejenum and caecum than the anterior segments of the alimentary tract. 3. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase was higher in the oesophagus and crop than in the caudal segments of the alimentary tract. Alanine aminotransferase activity did not show any specific pattern. 4. The increased phosphatase activities in the caudal alimentary tract indicates their involvement in the nutrient transport across the mucosa. Aminotransferases were probably involved in the synthesis of amino acids and proteins in the anterior alimentary tract.
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PMID:Activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase and alanine and aspartate aminotransferase in different regions of the alimentary tract of adult White Rock cockerels. 322 95

This paper reports on oral high-dose ketoconazole treatment (3 x 400 mg/die) in 38 patients with advanced (pT3-4NXMOGIII - n = 9), metastasizing (Ml - n = 23) prostatic cancers that had been treated previously (n = 23) or untreated (n = 15). The primary response rate was 66% with 37% remissions. After 1 year, the response rate was 40% with 8% remissions and 8% progressive tumours. There was drop-out rate of 34% because of adverse experience and a very high rate of side-effects for 74%. During treatment there was a significant reduction in testosterone, cortisol and acid phosphatase blood levels. There was a transient rise in liver enzymes (gamma-GT, GOT, GPT, LDH and bilirubin) above the limit. There was no change registered in the renal parameters (BUN, creatinine) or in the calcium and phosphorus blood levels. There was no difference in the response rate between patients who had been treated previously and those with no treatment. There was also no difference in the outcome of tumours that had metastasized and those that had not.
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PMID:[High dosage ketoconazole therapy in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer]. 337 69

Changes of enzyme activity in the colostrum, milk, and serum samples of 14 mothers were followed. For the enzyme assay, the colostrum and the milk samples were diluted, 1:10 and 1:5, respectively. The activity of the following enzymes were measured: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (GGT); aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT); alanine aminotransferase (ALAT); cholinesterase; alkaline, and acid phosphatase. Milk, LDH, ASAT, and ALAT activities did not change during the first four days of lactation, yet were significantly higher than the corresponding activities of serum. The activity of GGT and alkaline and acid phosphatase in milk showed a marked decrease by day 4 postpartum; however, the GGT stayed much higher than that of serum, while the activity of the other two enzymes decreased to the level of the serum. By contrast, as compared to the colostrum, the cholinesterase activity in the breast milk showed a significant increase.
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PMID:Comparative analysis of enzyme activity in human colostrum, milk, and serum. 339 Aug 99

Time-and cost-saving methods for paternity testing are described. Seventeen genetic systems were divided into six groups: (1) transferrin (Tf), factor B (Bf), and phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1); (2) group-specific component (Gc) or alpha 1-antitrypsin (PI) and alpha 2HS-glycoprotein (HSGA); (3) complement components C6 and C7, factor 13B (F13B), and plasminogen (PLG); (4) haptoglobin (Hp), C8 alpha-gamma chain (C81), and factor I (IF); (5) red cell acid phosphatase (ACP), esterase D (ESD), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT); and (6) 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) and glyoxalase I (GLO). Each group of systems was typed simultaneously by electrophoresis or isoelectric focusing (IEF) followed by staining or immunoblotting. These methods are very practical because they afford a considerable saving of time, work and expense, and facilitate semipermanent preservation of electrophoretic patterns.
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PMID:Simultaneous phenotyping of genetic markers for paternity testing. 348 Jun 66

Male Baladi rabbits were acutely and sub-chronically intoxicated with cyanofenphos and profenophos. The levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, B-lipoproteins and total proteins were determined in the serum, brain, spinal cord and sciatic nerve of rabbits. Moreover, the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase were determined in the liver of the animals. The whole studies revealed that the biochemical constituents were highly affected by the tested insecticides. Also, the liver function suffered from adverse effects of the tested insecticides.
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PMID:Effects of two organophosphorus insecticides on some biochemical constituents in the nervous system and liver of rabbits. 358 39


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