Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Age-related changes of 27 items in serum chemistry were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes from 6 to 30 weeks of age. The following 12 items were shown as an increase in those values during growth and maturity, i.e., total protein, albumin (female only), glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid (female only), beta-lipoprotein, cholinesterase (female only), asparate aminotransferase (female only), creatinine, direct-bilirubin and total-bilirubin. However, the following 4 items decreased with aging, i.e., asparate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine phosphokinase and inorganic phosphorus. No age-related changes were found in the values for calcium, sodium and chloride in both sexes and for alanine aminotransferase, cholinesterase and albumin in males. The sex differences were shown in the following 12 items: higher values in males were alkaline phosphatase, creatinephosphokinase, glucose and inorganic phosphorus, and higher values in females were cholinesterase, albumin, phospholipid, non-esterified fatty acid, urea nitrogen, direct-bilirubin, total-bilirubin and serum iron. No sex-related differences were found in the values for calcium, sodium, chloride and total cholesterol.
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PMID:[Age-related changes and sex differences on the serum chemistry values in Sprague-Dawley rats--I. 6-30 weeks of age]. 749 31

We investigated the effect of Probucol in preventing fatty liver in monosodium-L-glutamate (MSG) treated obese mice and control mice fed a high fat diet. MSG mice became significantly obese 9 weeks after birth with higher levels of serum blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, GPT, and cholinesterase, and had greater triglyceride contents in their livers relative to control mice. Morphologically, MSG obese mice also had a marked fatty liver. Administration of Probucol mixed with the high fat diet for 2 weeks significantly decreased the serum levels of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, and liver triglyceride contents in both MSG and control mice. Morphologically, the livers were less fatty after Probucol treatment. These results suggest that Probucol prevents the development of fatty liver, and in addition reduces hypercholesterolemia.
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PMID:Probucol prevents the progression of fatty liver in MSG obese mice. 755 75

Erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities are often used as indices of vitamin B-6 nutritional status; however, results using a mixed population of erythrocytes can be quite variable. Erythrocytes from two strains of mice (Mus domesticus), A/Ibg and DBA/Ibg, were separated according to age by centrifugation through discontinuous Percoll density gradients into three fractions: top (least dense, youngest), middle and bottom (most dense, oldest). A sufficient yield of age-fractionated erythrocytes was obtained from a single mouse for all of the enzyme measurements. The activities of AST, ALT and three age-marker enzymes, pyruvate kinase, acetylcholinesterase and hexokinase, were found to be significantly higher in the youngest cell fractions, and declined in the older, more dense fractions. A mice had significantly lower AST and ALT activities in the age separated fractions than did DBA mice. The measurement of enzyme activities in low density, young cells may be especially useful in studies involving conditions in which the proportion of young erythrocytes may be elevated with respect to the entire erythrocyte mass.
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PMID:Aminotransferase activities in mouse, Mus domesticus, erythrocytes separated according to age. 755 57

To determine the factors involved in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia frequently found in human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) infection, we studied the clinical and laboratory findings of 35 Japanese HIV-infected hemophiliacs regarding their association with thrombocytopenia. Seventeen HIV-positive patients were thrombocytopenic. They had fewer CD4+ cells and were in more advanced stages of the disease, compared with the 18 patients without thrombocytopenia. We carried out the stepwise regression analysis on 32 patients in the early stage of HIV infection, with the platelet count as the dependent variable, and with the CD8+ cell count, serum cholinesterase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), CD4+ cell count and white blood cell count as explanatory variables. The CD8+ cell count, serum cholinesterase, and ALT were entered into the regression model as explanatory variables of the platelet count with statistical significance. A positive linear correlation in these 32 patients between the CD8+ cell count and platelet count (r = 0.50, P < 0.01) was noted. We conclude that the decrease of the CD8+ cell count may play a role in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in Japanese hemophiliacs in the early stage of HIV-infection.
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PMID:The association of the platelet count and the peripheral CD8+ cell count in Japanese HIV-infected hemophiliacs. 756 68

The effects of N-benzyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate (BGD), diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC), and N-p-hydroxymethylbenzyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate (HBGD) on the enzymatic activities in mice were studied. The mice were given i.v. injections of these chelating agents (1 mmol/kg) and 3 h later the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and cholinesterase (ChE) in the liver, kidney, and blood were determined. These enzymatic activities were little changed by treatment with these chelating agents. Cadmium (Cd) administration markedly decreased the activities of AST and ALT in the liver and kidney and greatly increased these enzymatic activities in blood. The changes in the enzymatic activities by treatment with Cd were prevented by injection of BGD (1 mmol/kg). These results indicate that BGD, DDTC, and HBGD were not toxic to the liver or kidney of mice and that BGD treatment protected against the acute hepatic and renal toxicity induced by Cd.
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PMID:Effects of dithiocarbamates and cadmium on the enzymatic activities in liver, kidney and blood of mice. 762 88

Information on the stability of serum analytes during storage of serum or whole blood samples is often incomplete and sometimes contradictory. Using a widely available analyser (Hitachi 737/Boehringer), we therefore determined the effects of storage time and temperature on the measured concentrations of the following serum analytes: sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, inorganic phosphate, magnesium, creatinine, urea, uric acid, bilirubin, cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, alpha-amylase, lactate dehydrogenase and cholinesterase. When separated serum was stored at + 9 degrees C for seven days, the mean changes in inorganic phosphate and lactate dehydrogenase exceeded significantly (p < 0.05 or 0.001, respectively) the maximum allowable inaccuracy according to the Guidelines of the German Federal Medical Council; all other quantities were sufficiently stable. In serum at room temperature, inorganic phosphate, uric acid, HDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerols increased continuously, whereas bilirubin, LDL-cholesterol, creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase decreased more than the guidelines permit during the storage period (p < 0.05 for aspartate aminotransferase, p < 0.001 for the other analytes mentioned). In whole blood stored for 7 days at + 9 degrees C, only the following serum analytes satisfied the stability requirements of the guidelines: calcium, urea, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, creatine kinase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and cholinesterase. When stored at room temperature, only sodium, uric acid, bilirubin, cholesterol, triacylglycerols, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, alpha-amylase and cholinesterase were still stable after 3 days. The data collected show that all quantities examined are sufficiently stable for four days in separated serum stored at + 9 degrees C.
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PMID:Storage of serum or whole blood samples? Effects of time and temperature on 22 serum analytes. 762 90

The effects of strenuous physical exercise on the serial changes in the haematological, biochemical and hormonal markers were investigated. A group of 14 soldiers, aged 24-36 years, took part in a military training course for about 13 weeks. After severe exercise stress, an increase (90%) in the number of peripheral blood leucocytes was observed. The degree of leucocytosis showed a close correlation with the values of some serum parameters, such as concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST; r = 0.747), lactate dehydrogenase (LD; r = 0.748), blood urea nitrogen (r = 0.756), creatine kinase (CK; r = 0.637), manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD; r = 0.508), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; r = 0.542) and uric acid (r = 0.538), and concentrations of urinary parameters, such as vanilmandelic acid (r = 0.429) and free cortisol (r = 0.437). The subjects showing prominent leucocytosis over 9500 cells.microliters-1 exhibited a lower concentration of serum cholinesterase than those who showed milder leucocytosis. The serum Mn-SOD concentration was closely correlated with the serial changes in serum concentrations of AST, ALT, LD and CK, indicating exercise-induced muscle and liver damage. The change in peripheral leucocyte number was assumed to be diagnostically informative and may be a prognostic marker, reflecting organ damage and restoration after strenuous physical exercise.
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PMID:Leucocytosis as a marker of organ damage induced by chronic strenuous physical exercise. 878 93

Effects of 4-7-week feeding of naturally contaminated wheat grains containing 0.284 mg T-2 toxin/kg were investigated on the health, certain serum biochemical parameters and reproductive status of sexually mature, virgin female rabbits. Three of the ten contaminated animals died before the end of the experiment (acute, fibrinous-purulent peritonitis and pneumonia). Hepatic damages are suggested by significant serum alanine aminotransferase and slight aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, malate dehydrogenase activity increases, as well as by cholinesterase activity decrease as compared to control animals. The damage of kidney function is indicated by significantly higher creatinine level, as compared to the control. The T-2 toxin feeding also impaired ovarian functions, reflecting by unaltered progesteron concentration, macro- and microscopical pictures after GnRH-stimulation.
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PMID:Biochemical and physiological effects of long-term sublethal T-2 toxin feeding in rabbits. 774 Sep 2

The activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and catalase are increased by 42 to 283% in patients with neurodermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis, whereas the activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and cholinesterase are unchanged. In women with neurodermatitis and psoriasis the level of GPT is by 24-28% lower than in men. In psoriasis catalase activity in women is by 50% higher than in men. Hence, the activities of some enzymes in disease are related to patients' sex. Blood serum catalase measurements are diagnostically valuable in skin diseases.
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PMID:[Blood enzyme activities in men and women with certain diseases]. 775 54

A complex of enzymatic tests, characterizing the liver function and cellular cytolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction of various severities (without complications and with various types of complications and outcomes) was used in examinations over the first week of the disease. Significant changes in five of the seven tested enzymes were found: aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, cholinesterase, alanine aminotransferase, the degree and incidence of changes in their activities being the lowest in the patients with acute myocardial infarction without complications, higher in those with this condition with isolated complications, still higher in those with combined complications and a favorable outcome, and the highest in those with combined complications and a lethal outcome. Secondary hepatopathy in patients with acute myocardial infarction augments as the complications develop, particularly in arrhythmia, disordered conductivity, and combined complications. Measurements of glutamate dehydrogenase and sorbitol dehydrogenase are recommended starting from the first day of the disease, of cholinesterase from the third day of the disease for a dynamic monitoring of the liver status in order to timely detect and correct hepatopathy and assess the status of patients with complicated acute myocardial infarction.
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PMID:[Enzyme diagnosis of liver dysfunction in acute myocardial infarct and its complications]. 800 Jul 90


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