Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of cercal deafferentation (cercectomy) on the ganglionic protein metabolism of the cricket, Gryllotalpa africana was studied. Significant changes in the activities of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase, glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were observed in the terminal ganglion following unilateral and bilateral cercectomy.
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PMID:Cercal sensory regulation of ganglionic protein metabolism in the field cricket, Gryllotalpa africana. 179 75

Brain dead donor can not be maintained the systemic circulation more than 48 hours despite rather large dosage of catecholamine. The combined administration of arginine vasopressin (ADH) and catecholamine (epinephrine or dopamine) succeeded in long-term circulatory maintenance after brain death. We examined the renal and hepatic function by the method of circulatory maintenance. Twenty brain dead patients were randomly separated into two groups. Ten patients were maintained the systemic blood pressure with ADH and epinephrine (Group E). And the other ten were maintained with ADH and dopamine (Group D). Circulation was maintained with a small dosage of catecholamine at least six days in all donors. Urine output was well controlled, and serum BUN and creatinine were normal for 14 days. Daily creatinine clearance was always normal in both groups. Serum GPT, cholinesterase and alkaliphosphatase were the same in both groups, but total bilirubin was lower in group D than in group E on the seventh day. The combination of ADH and catecholamine preserved the kidney and liver after brain death for more than a week. This method will be of great value in organ transplantation from brain dead organ donors.
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PMID:[Organ preservation with the combination of vasopressin and catecholamine in brain dead donors]. 188 89

1. Rosy barb (Puntius conchonius) were exposed to 181 micrograms/l mercuric chloride for 48 h and the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases (AcP and AIP), aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), alanine aminotransferase (AIAT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were measured in vivo in several organs. 2. The AcP activity was inhibited in the liver, gills, kidneys, and gut but stimulated in the gonads. With the exception of kidney, the AIP activity showed an increase in all the organs examined. The AAT and AIAT were generally inhibited in different organs. An increase in LDH activity occurred in the cardiac and skeletal muscles while the AchE activity was considerably lowered in the brain, gills, and liver. 3. In vitro exposure to mercury at concentrations ranging between 10(-10) and 10(-4) M, inhibited the AIP, AAT, AIAT, LDH, and AchE activities in the tissues examined. The AcP activity was also depressed in all the tissues except in the testes, in which a marginal increase was noted. 4. The in vivo and in vitro effects of Hg were not of similar quality implying sequestration of toxic cations in the intact animals.
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PMID:Use of the fish enzyme system in monitoring water quality: effects of mercury on tissue enzymes. 198 72

Wistar male rats underwent a midline ventral abdominal incision under pentobarbital anaesthesia and were divided into two groups: the experimental rats were injected with 0.04 ml.kg-1 bodyweight Ethibloc (Ethicon-FRG) into a tributary of the superior mesenteric vein, close to the hepatic portal vein and the control, saline. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation on the 1st and on the 30th day after the treatment. The serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities are significantly increased at the 24 hr following the i.v. injection in the experimental rats. The 30th LDH5 level is decreased 19% in the experimental group from the ones in the control group. The serum activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) and serum cholinesterase do not differ substantially in the experimental group from these in the control group in the different periods of assessment.
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PMID:Changes in serum enzyme activities in splanchnic ischemia shock. 208 7

The effects of soman poisoning on hematological (counts of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets and measurement of hematocrit) and coagulation parameters (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and concentrations of fibrinogen, factor V, factor VII, and factor XI) and serum biochemistry (concentration of albumin, protein, calcium, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), magnesium, and creatinine and activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholinesterase, creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and amylase) were determined at 1, 2, 4, 24, and 48 hours after poisoning of rabbits. There were significant (p less than 0.05) decreases in the RBC counts in all treatment groups that were measured initially at 4 hours and were reflected by parallel decreases in the hematocrit values. These changes were probably due to an increase in the hemolysis of the RBC rather than a decrease in the production of RBC. There were minor changes in the coagulation parameters. Generally, the fibrinogen content increased. The activated partial thromboplastin time decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) 24 and 48 hours after soman (50 micrograms/kg) poisoning. Blood cholinesterase values were significantly reduced in all treatment groups at all time periods. The CPK activity was increased after 4 and 24 hours in the 20 and 50 micrograms/kg soman groups. There were minor changes in the other biochemistry values, but none that showed a dose-response relationship; thus, they were considered to be of limited significance with regard to the toxic manifestations of soman exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of soman poisoning on hematology and coagulation parameters and serum biochemistry in rabbits. 212 98

Heptachlor is a major component of the insecticide, chlordane. It is a health hazard but is still in use in some countries of Southeast Asia. To elucidate the toxicity of heptachlor its effects on mice after oral and intraperitoneal administration were studied. A 3-day group, 92-day group and 180-day group were given heptachlor intraperitoneally, orally and ad libitum, respectively. Results showed increased levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and decreased levels of serum cholinesterase activity. Serum creatine phosphokinase levels increased significantly. These may be due to the disruption of muscle membrane by chlordane. Results also showed significant variations of serum lipid levels from control as heptachlor has a known effect on lipid metabolism. Also the lipid peroxide levels expressed as TBA values were increased significantly, showing heptachlor's role in causing liver injury. These results suggest that the deterioration of membranes due to lipid peroxidation leads to liver and muscle injuries caused by heptachlor.
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PMID:Hepatic and muscle injuries in mice treated with heptachlor. 224 40

In 34 patients (16 women and 18 men) with acute leukaemias (8 with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and 26 with acute myeloblastic leukaemia), as yet untreated, the serum levels were determined of conjugated cholic acid, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT), alanine aminotransferase (AlAT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cholinesterase (Chol). Serum conjugated cholic acid level was determined by radioimmunoassay. The mean values of AP and Chol activity were within the range of normal values in this laboratory, the values of AspAT and AlAT were slightly above this range, and LDH value exceeded twice this normal range. The mean bilirubin concentration was within normal range. The greatest changes were noted in conjugated cholic acid values, the mean value exceeded five times the upper normal range (1.0 mumol/l). In 30 patients (88%) the conjugated cholic acid level in the serum was above 1.0 mumol/l, in the remaining 4 cases it was above the mean value for the control group. No correlation was found between conjugated cholic acid and any of the determined parameters. These results point out that the serum level of conjugated cholic acid may be a valuable parameter for assessment of hepatocellular function in acute leukaemias.
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PMID:[Serum cholic acid levels in patients with acute leukemia]. 225 Dec 7

During an ultra-long-distance race (1000 km in 20 days) the influence of running was examined on the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) with regard to their release from the liver cells or their induction. Furthermore the liver synthetic capacity was assayed by measuring the enzyme activity of cholinesterase and the concentration of serum albumin during the race. Of the 110 participants, 55 finished the race and only the results of these runners were used in our study. AP increased continuously from day 0 (mean = 102 U/L) to day 19 (mean = 120 U/L). A fivefold increase of AST and a twentyfold increase of CK up to day 3 was followed by a significant decrease towards the end of the race. ALT rose as well up to day 6 from a mean value of 8 U/L to 24 U/L but remained at this level. Surprising was the individual increase of the enzymes GLDH (up to twentyfold) and GGT (up to sixfold) in more than half of the finishers on various days indicating liver cell injuries. The activity of CHE and the concentration of serum albumin decreased during the race, both were significantly correlated.
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PMID:Ultra-long-distance running and the liver. 228 82

Selected serum constituents were analyzed from 50 adult mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) of both sexes during several stages of reproduction: pre-egg laying, egg laying, incubating, molting, and postreproductive. Similar assays were conducted on sera from ducklings aged 5 to 58 days. Values for total protein (TPR), albumin (ALB), glucose (GLU), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), calcium (CA), phosphorus (PHOS) and magnesium (MG) differed by sex. When all data were combined and analyzed for sex-related differences within each reproductive condition separately, all assays except lactate dehydrogenase (LD-L), cholinesterase (CHE), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CRN) and direct bilirubin (BIDI) differed between sexes during one or more reproductive periods. Each assay showed differences among the various reproductive conditions regardless of gender. The pattern of change differed between sexes. All assays except ALB, GLU, CA and MG showed age-related changes. Lipemia in the sample interfered with all chemistries except TPR, LD-L and CA. Results indicate that when using clinical chemistry as a diagnostic tool in the mallard, age and reproductive condition should be determined in order to compare the data to appropriate control values.
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PMID:Changes in mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) serum chemistry due to age, sex, and reproductive condition. 230 2

Dichlorvos was applied as spray at 1 and 2% concentrations daily for a period of 28 and 21 consecutive days, respectively to buffalo calves. Animals sprayed with 1% dichlorvos displayed mild to moderate clinical signs of toxicosis during the 4th week of exposure. The higher concentration (2%) produced clinical signs of poisoning after 12-16 applications, and was lethal to one of three animals. Daily spraying of dichlorvos at both concentrations inactivated erythrocyte cholinesterase (ChE) (15-21%), plasma ChE (17-20%) and serum carboxylesterase (5-10%) within 3 days. The extent of inhibition of esterases was increased with repeated treatment and maximal inhibition of erythrocyte ChE (80-89%), plasma ChE (81-91%) and serum carboxylesterase (33-54%) with 1 and 2% concentrations was observed on the 28th and 21st day after start of application, respectively. In surviving animals, blood esterases remained inactivated to the extent of 14-65% on the 14th day after the termination of treatment. Dichlorvos at both concentrations significantly (P less than 0.01) elevated the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. The activities of these enzymes in surviving animals recovered to control values within 14 days after the final application of dichlorvos.
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PMID:Effects of repeated topical application of dichlorvos on blood enzymes and its toxicity in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis). 236 59


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