Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) level was estimated in 132 patients with different liver diseases (chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis, postnecrotic cirrhosis, chronic alcholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis, cholestasis syndrome, fatty liver, Gilbert disease) and malignancies with and without liver involvement. The gamma-GT levels were compared with the values for serum bilirubin, transaminases (GOT, GPT) and alkaline phosphatase in the same patients. gamma-GT values were normal in chronic persistent hepatitis and increased in chronic active hepatitis. Very high activities were measured in chronic alcoholic cirrhosis in contrast to postnecrotic cirrhosis. gamma-GT proved to be more sensitive than alkaline phosphate as an index of cholestasis and liver involvement in malignancies. It is suggested that gamma-GT activity offers valuable aid in differential diagnostics of liver-diseases. gamma-GT being an inducible enzyme, its activity may be raised by enzyme inducing drugs also in subjects without liver disease.
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PMID:Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: its clinical significance. 2 44

Biochemical studies on the two transaminases GOT and GPT of swine kidney worm Stephanurus dentatus have been made. GOT has been found much more active than GPT. Enzyme activities are based on the formation of oxaloacetate (GOT) or pyruvate (GPT) from aspartic acid and alanine respectively with oxoglutarate. A linear relationship is observed between the enzyme concentration and activity. GOT shows a maximum activity at pH 8.0 and Michaelis constant 9 X 10(-3) M for male and 2.9 X 10(-3) M for female. GPT has an optimum pH of 7.5 and a Michaelis constant 19 X 10(-3) M for male and 8 X 10(-3) M for female. The optimum temperature for both GOT and GPT was 60 degrees C.
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PMID:Studies on glutamic-oxalacetic (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic (GPT) transaminases of swine kidney worm Stephanurus dentatus (Diesing, 1839). I. Assay and general properties. 2 9

In order to establish the hepatic enzymogram in healthy African black people, four enzymes have been studied in 50 apparently healthy male Africans: transaminases (GOT, GPT), alcaline phosphatases, ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). The findings do not show any difference with the usually admitted levels in European countries, except for alcaline phosphatases which are situated at the upper limit of the normal.
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PMID:[Examination of the enzymatic functions of the normal liver in black Africans (Apropos of 50 Senegalese cases)]. 2 10

NADP-linked dehydrogenases, glucose-6-P dehydrogenase (G 6PDH) 6-P gluconate dehydrogenase (6 PGDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), malate dehydrogenase decarboxylating (ME) and aminotransferases GOT and GPT were analyzed in the soluble fraction of blood free homogenates. Glutmate dehydrogenase (GDH) was assayed in the mitochondrial fraction. TAM was i.p. administered to male albino rats (50 mg/kg/day) for 28 days. enzyme activities were determined as described by Bermeyer 1965 (Methods Enzymatic Analysis. Verlag Chemie. Acad. Press).
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PMID:Hepatotoxic effect of thioacetamide (TAM) on NADP-linked enzymes, aminotransferases and glutamate dehydrogenase. 2 11

1. Under optimal ionic conditions (4 mM-MnCl2) the specific activity of guanylate cyclase in fresh platelet lysates was about 10nmol of cyclic GMP formed/20 min per mg of protein at 30 degrees C. Activity was 15% of optimum with 10mM-MgCl2 and negligible with 4mM-CaCl2. Synergism between MnCl2 and MgCl2 or CaCl2 was observed when [MnCl2] less than or equal to [GPT]. 2. Lower than optimal specific activities were obtained in assays containing large volumes of platelet lysate, owing to the presence of inhibitory factors that could be removed by ultrafiltration. Adenine nucleotides accounted for less than 50% of the inhibitory activity. 3. Preincubation of lysate for 1 h at 30 degrees C increased the specific activity of platelet guanylate cyclase by about 2-fold. 4. Lubrol PX (1%, w/v) stimulated guanylate cyclase activity by 3--5-fold before preincubation and by about 2-fold after preincubation. Triton X-100 was much less effective. 5. Dithiothreitol inhibited the guanylate cyclase activity of untreated, preincubated and Lubrol PX-treated lysates and prevented activation by preincubation provided that it was added beforehand. 6. Oleate stimulated guanylate cyclase activity 3--4-fold and arachidonate 2--3-fold, whereas palmitate was almost inactive. Pretreatment of lysate with indomethacin did not inhibit this effect of arachidonate. Oleate and arachidonate caused marked stimulation of guanylate cyclase in preincubated lysate, but inhibited the enzyme in Lubrol PX-treated lysate. 7. NaN3 (10mM) increased guanylate cyclase activity by up to 7-fold; this effect was both time- and temperature-dependent. NaN3 did not further activate the enzyme in Lubrol PX-treated lysate. 8. The results indicated that preincubation, Lubrol PX, fatty acids and NaN3 activated platelet guanylate cyclase by different mechanisms. 9. Platelet particulate fractions contained no guanylate cyclase activity detectable in the presence or absence of Lubrol PX that could not be accounted for by contaminating soluble enzyme, suggesting that physiological aggregating agents may increase cyclic GMP in intact platelets through the effects of intermediary factors. The activated and inhibited states of the enzyme described in the present paper may be relevant to the actions of these factors.
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PMID:Factors affecting the activity of guanylate cyclase in lysates of human blood platelets. 2 7

The simultaneous iv. infusion in conscious rabbits of 7.5 mg/kg.h sodium nitroprusside (SNP) plus sodium thiosulfate in the molar ratios 1:5 or 1:10, respectively, for 4 h produced perilobular necroses of liver cells. 21 days after the infusion, regeneration of the damaged cells was complete. No histological changes were found in various other organs after this high dose of SNP. No signs of liver toxicity were found in rabbits that had received 0.75 mg/kg.h SNP for 8 h daily during a period of 5 consecutive days. This dose was in the range of SNP doses recommended for clinical use in human patients. Nevertheless we suggest that apart from the thiocyanate plasma levels, also the GOT, GPT, and gamma-GT concentrations in blood be controlled, especially when high doses of SNP are to be given for prolonged periods in order to exclude possible hepatotoxic effects of SNP.
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PMID:Organotoxic effects of excessive doses of sodium nitroprusside in the rabbit. 3 31

During the recovery stage of the hemolytic uremic syndrome in 2 cases an increase of serum levels of GOT, GPT, LDH, gammaGT, 5'ND and AP was noticed, without signs of a recurrence of the disease. In one patient also jaundice and hepatomegaly were found. The observations suggest a parenchymal damage of the liver.
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PMID:Liver damage in the hemolytic uremic syndrome. 3 33

Increased serum activities of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) occurred in 12 out of 19 patients with idiopathic parkinsonism when they were treated with the ergot derivative lergotrile at an oral dose varying from 50 to 150 mg daily. Hepatocellular injury was confirmed by microscopic examination of liver biopsies obtained from 3 of these patients when the serum activities of ALT and AST were appreciably elevated. Light microscopy revealed features of mild acute hepatocellular injury, and electron microscopy showed proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and apparently unique mitochondrial changes in hepatocytes. This is the first report of pathological changes in the liver associated with the therapeutic use of an ergot derivative. The presence of a potentially reactive cyanide group in the lergotrile molecule could be causally related to the observed hepatocellular injury. It is suggested that serum ALT and AST activities should be monitored carefully when the therapeutic potential of any new ergot derivative is assessed.
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PMID:Hepatocellular injury with distinctive mitochondrial changes induced by lergotrile mesylate: a dopaminergic ergot derivative. 3 55

The influence of single oral dose of anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic agents on urinary enzymes was investigated in rats as a indicator of nephrotoxic effect. Urinary LDH activity was significantly elevated by aspirin, ketophenylbutazone, aminopyrine, phenacetin and acetaminophen. These drugs increased also H/M ratio of LDH isoenzymes. Although other test drugs have no effect on LDH in urine phenylbutazone and indomethacin elevated GPT and A1-P, oxyphenbutazone did gamma-GT and anthranilic acid derivatives did Al-P and gamma-GT. Other drugs such as sodium salicylate, ibufenac, ibuprofen, bucolome, aminopropylone, sulfinpyrazone, benzydamine and mepirizole did not significantly influence any enzyme activities measured in urine.
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PMID:Influence of some anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic agents on urinary enzyme level in rats. 3 31

We looked for variables that could serve as indexes of alcohol consumption. We tested iron, gamma-glutamyltransferase, mean erythrocyte volume, mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration, urea, uric acid, and alanine aminotransferase, among others, in an unselected population of men, and by principal components analysis we singled out the correlation between the two enzymes and the two hematologic values. On the other hand, calculation of the coefficients of correlation between the total amount of alcohol consumed and the 10 variables studied, together with multiple regression analysis, showed that the three variables that correlated most significantly with alcohol consumption were gamma-glutamyltransferase, mean erythrocyte volume, and the use of tobacco. Critical evaluation of the results leads us to conclude that still more discriminative biological indices msut be sought and that the use of psychosocial data is also desirable.
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PMID:Relations between reported alcohol consumption and certain biological variables in an "unselected" population. 3 2


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