Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a group of 113 consecutive patients taken into a coronary care unit on suspicion of acute myocardial infarction, blood samples were taken every 6 h and the following enzyme activities were measured: creatine kinase (S-CK), aspartate aminotransferase (S-ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (S-ALAT) and lactate dehydrogenase (S-LD). All measurements were made according to the Recommendations of the Scandinavian Committee on Enzymes. On all patients S-CK B subunit activity was determined by immunoinhibition with a specific anti CK M-subunit inhibitory antibody. At peak values of the respective total enzyme activities CK and LD isoenzymes were further qualitatively estimated by electrophoresis. The data indicate that even serial determinations of total CK, ASAT, ALAT and LD activities in serum do not provide the information required for a conclusive diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the individual case. In contrast, the positive predictive value (PV) of S-CK B was found to be 1.0 and the negative predictive value was 0.98. S-CK MB showed a PV pos. of 1.0 and also a PV neg. of 1.0. Electrophoretic determination of S-LD isoenzymes was slightly poorer with a PV pos. of 0.96 and PV neg. of 0.98. S-CK, total activity with nearly 9 per cent false positives had a positive predictive value of only 0.91, but a negative one of 1.0.
 ...
PMID:Creatine kinase B-subunit activity in human serum. II. Evaluation of s-ck b-subunit activity in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. 88 49

Heat acclimatization was induced in a group of healthy male test subjects by repetitive treadmill walking (5.6 km-h-1, 49 degrees/27 degrees C dry/wet bulb, 90 min-day-1, 7 days). A second group of men, paired for maximal O2 consumption and body weight, remained sedentary under identical environmental conditions. Total plasma protein increased significantly after 45 (P less than 0.05) and 90 (P less than 0.025) min of exercise on the first day of heat exposure, yet after 7 days no increments occurred. Even after heat acclimatization was achieved (day 7), plasma levels of creatine phosphokinase increased during the 90-min walk in the heat (time O vs. 90, P less than 0.025), as was also the case on day 1 (P less than 0.05). Levels of lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase were not significantly affected by exercise in the heat either before or after heat acclimatization. No correlations could be drawn between base-line enzyme levels and state of physical conditioning.
 ...
PMID:Recurrent heat exposure: enzymatic responses in resting and exercising men. 89 89

Changes in serum enzyme levels, liver histology and liver function tests have been correlated to determine the usefulness of these tests in assessing liver status. The effects of carbon tetrachloride administration on these parameters has been determined in a group of 20 sheep. Normal levels, elevated levels after injury and the effect of elapsed time after injury are reported for serum glutamic dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, fructose-1-phosphate adlolase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and proteins. Variation in the time of elevation of enzyme activities may be useful in determining the elapsed time between acute injury and serum sampling. In comparison to sheep fed an adequate diet, a diet with a restricted protein intake was associated with increased severity of histological lesions and decreased liver function.
 ...
PMID:A comparison of parameters used to assess liver damage in sheep treated with carbon tetrachloride. 92 59

The method for the determination of enzymic activity in turbid, lipaemic sera, which involves clearing by polyanion precipitation with heparin and magnesium chloride, was critically reviewed. In the diagnosis of diseases of the liver and pancreas, which are frequently associated with hyperlipoproteinaemia, only residual enzyme activities are measured in the cleared serum after polyanion treatment. In the measurement of glutamate dehydrogenase and in the Phadebas test for alpha-amylase, the enzymes are inactivated by treatment with heparin and magnesium chloride. On the other hand, as a result of polyanion precipitation gamma-glutamyl transferase is transferred, together with lipoproteins and chylomicrons, to the lipid-rich supernatant. Acid phosphatase also exhibits only residual activity in cleared serum. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, leucine arylamidase, cholinesterase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and the activity of alpha-amylase in the Merckotest are not affected by polyanion treatment of the serum.
 ...
PMID:[Enzyme diagnosis in lipaemic sera before and after polyanion precipitation with heparin and magnesium chloride (author's transl)]. 92 35

The activity of the following enzymes in clinically normal newborn calves was investigated: glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (APh), creatine phosphokinase (CPhK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), leucine-aminopeptidase (LAP), aldolase (A), and cholinesterase (ChE). The studies were carried out at the first hour prior to offering colostrum as well as at the 6th, 12th, 24th hr and on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 7th, 10th, 15th, and 20th day following it first intake. Regularly rising values of the enzyme activity up to the 24th hour were observed with APh, GOT, GPT, CPhK, and LAP. The aldolase enzyme (after colostrum had been given for the first time) in all animals showed a statistically significant drop of activity at the 6th hour. The activity of LDH displayed a consistently rising trend up to the end of the experimental period. The cholinesterase activity showed high values immediately following birth, reaching those found in the dams by the end of the observation period.
 ...
PMID:[Dynamics of some serum enzymes in the postnatal development of calves]. 94 95

The Vitatron has been used as designed by the manufacturer under routine laboratory conditions (Broughton, P.M.G., Buttolph, M.A., Gowenlock, A.H., Neill, D.W. and Sleutelberg, R.G. (1969) J. Clin. Pathol. 22, 278). We assessed the possibilities of the AKES with regard to determination of the activities of three enzymes: alanine transaminase (AIT), aspartate transaminase (AsT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum. Precision, accuracy, carry over and sample-diluent contamination were evaluated. This resulted in recommendations for optimal use in terms of capacity and precision, which were supported by computations on a mathematical model for measuring results.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of the Vitatron "AKES" modification for optimal use in routine enzyme analysis. 97 29

We report the effect of exercise on the activity values of five enzymes in sera as studied in four healthy male volunteers. The underlying purpose of this present study was to produce an increase in the activity values in the sera of selected enzymes found in muscle. Then by observing the decay rate of these enzymes, we computed the inter-individual differences in clearance rates serum half-life) of these enzymes. Blood specimens were collected just prior to exercise, 1 h after excerise, and on eight additional times up to 93 h after exercise. All specimens were assayed on one occasion for activity values of creatine kinase, asparate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase. We found increases in the three muscle enzymes with average increases being: creatine kinase, +116%; asparate aminotransferase, +41%; and lactate dehydrogenase, +32%; all of which remained above baseline values for 53 h or longer. In the case of creatine kinase, a monoexponential decay curve depicted the data (from the 19-h specimen to the 67-h specimen). The calculated "apparent serum half-life" for creatine kinase varied from 38 h to 118 h in the subjects tested.
 ...
PMID:The effect of a short burst of exercise on activity values of enzymes in sera of healthy young men. 97 77

Gastric and duodenal ulcers were characterized by the high activity of alkaline phosphatase within the zone of impairment. In gastric ulcer the high concentration of the enzyme was observed also in the region of minor curvature. Activities of aspartate and alanine transaminases were decreased in the zone of gastric ulcer; in duodenal ulcer only the alanine transaminase activity was decreased. The total lactate dehydrogenase activity was unaltered in gastric ulcer, but it was increased in impaired duodenum, where, among the other LDH isozymes, LDH5 fraction was increased.
 ...
PMID:[Non-proteolytic enzymes of human gastric and duodenal mucosa in peptic ulcer]. 103 Aug 92

The activities of aspartate transminase (EC 2.6.1.1), alanine transminase (EC 2.6.1.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) leucine arylamidase (EC 3.4.1.1), aldolase (EC 4.1.2), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.38) and cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) were measured in serum of male rabbits and albino Wistar rats in dlplicate by means of microliter techniques. Furthermore, the diurnal alterations of enzyme activity were established in 8--10 animals of both species. Aspartate transaminase activity in the serum of rats was found to be significantly higher than in the serum of humans and rabbits, and essentially lower alkaline phosphatase values were obtained from the serum of rabbits in comparison with those found for the serum of humans and rats. Relatively high acid phosphatase and aldolase values as well as a very low cholinesterase activity were found in the serum of rabbits and rats. The mean malate dehydrogenase-activity was found to be twice as high as the mean lactate dehydrogenase, which is the contrary of the situation found in human serum. No significant diural alterations of the examined enzyme activities were established. The differences found between the animal and the human enzyme activities in serum are explained by species-determined peculiarities of metabolism or specific enzyme configuration.
 ...
PMID:[Enzyme activities in serum of rabbits and rats-reference values and circadian alterations. Serum enzymes and factors that influence their activity,I (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)]. 103 68

Because of the difficulties in drawing blood for clinical chemistry in small laboratory animals there exist many methods for sampling blood and the preparation of serum, none of which is generally accepted or well standardised. It was the aim of this study to investigate the effects of sampling techniques on normal values of enzyme activities in the serum of rat and mouse. The activities of the following enzymes were determined: sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, pyruvate kinase, creatine kinase, myokinase, alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase. In addition plasmaproteins, urea and inorganic phosphorus were measured. In rats blood was obtained from the following sites: retroorbital venous plexus, jugular vein, heart and ventral aorta. In mice blood was sampled from the jugular vein and the ventral aorta. Shifts of water from the interstitial to the intravascular space due to hypovolemia occurring during the experimental procedure were followed up by measuring the hematocrit and the distribution of radioiodide labelled albumin. In rats the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, pyruvate kinase, creatine kinase and myokinase found in blood serum obtained from the retroorbital venous plexus and the ventral aorta were too high compared to the other sampling sites. Activities of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase were slightly elevated when blood was sampled from the punctured retroorbital venous plexus. Small differences in plasmaproteins and hematocrit values were found to be due to acute shifts of water within the extracellular space. In mice the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and myokinase were found to be too high in blood serum obtained from the ventral aorta. Efflux of enzymes from damaged cells and the interstitial space ive caused erroneous results too, but only to a minor extent. The most reliable method for blood sampling in rat and mouse is the cannulation of the jugular vein. The heart puncture can be recommended too. Attention should be paid, however, to the possibility of aspirating disrupted muscle cells through the inserted needle.
 ...
PMID:[Effects of blood sampling on enzyme activities in the serum of small laboratory animals (author's transl)]. 108 84


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>