Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The administration of 350 microgram T-2 toxin to six-week-old chickens by intramuscular injection produced a temporary reduction in food intake, changes in plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, increases in plasma aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase activity, falls in the activities of plasma acid and alkaline phosphatases, a reduction in the weight of the pancreas, enlargement of the liver and an apparent exacerbation of hepatic haemorrhage. It also delayed and reduced the hyperlipaemic response to the injection of oestradiol-17beta-dipropionate. These changes were attributed to cytotoxicity involving the liver, intestine and possibly muscle, and an inhibition of enzyme synthesis.
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PMID:Biochemical changes produced by Fusarium T-2 toxin in the chicken. 62 8

Spontaneous renal artery embolism is not rare, but a correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment are often delayed. Clinical features and follow-up of 17 cases are reported. Cardiac disease or arrhythmias pre-existed in 16 patients. Initial symptoms included flank pain (seven cases), abdominal or chest pain alone (seven), and nausea and vomiting (eight). Fever (greater than or equal to 37.5 degree C) occurred in 10 cases and flank tenderness in only eight. Laboratory findings included leukocytosis, proteinuria, hematuria, and elevated levels of lactic dehydrogenase, serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase. Serum creatinine level exceeded 1.3 mg/dl in 88% and 4.0 mg/dl in 65%; four patients required dialysis. The diagnosis, made by scintiscan, arteriography, or both was often delayed. Renal embolization was bilateral in seven patients and unilateral in 10, with serum creatinine level above 4.0 mg/dl in five of the latter. Emboli to other organs caused early death; cardiovascular disease led to later death. With anticoagulants, renal function returned in patients surviving more than 1 month, even those with bilateral emboli. Thus, renal embolism is recognizable if the disease is considered, and a favorable outcome is common with long-term anticoagulants.
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PMID:Renal artery embolism: clinical features and long-term follow-up of 17 cases. 69 26

Blood sampling by catheterisation of the abdominal aorta to test plasma haemoglobin and various plasma enzyme activities was compared with two other blood sampling techniques and their application to farm-kept minks under general anaesthesia, cardiac puncture and tail-tip amputation. The plasma haemoglobin values in plasma obtained from the abdominal aorta were significantly lower than those recorded from the two other blood sampling techniques, which applied to plasma enzyme activities, as well. Those findings were equal for males and females. The plasma enzyme activities tested were glutamate oxalo-acetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and malic dehydrogenase. Some plasma enzyme actvities were tested from a random sample of 164 animals for sex-dependence (88 males and 76 non-pregnant unserved females), with no consideration being given to blood sampling techniques. The standards or physiological indices derived from those tests are reported.
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PMID:[Morphology and biochemistry of various Mustelidae. 2. Effect of different blood collection technics on various plasma enzyme activities in Mink (Mustela vision Schreber, 1777)]. 74 38

We describe the use of a continuous-flow clinical analyzer with an immobilized coupled-enzyme nylon tube reactor and an immobilized single-enzyme nylon tube reactor for routine estimation of lactate and pyruvate in serum. These reactors are incorporated into the flow system of a modified continuous-flow analyzer (Technicon AutoAnalyzer). Results for serum lactate and pyruvate by this method are compared with those by corresponding methods in which the same enzymes are used in solution, either automatically (pyruvate) or manually (lactate) performed. Routine clinical laboratory determinations with use of the coupled-enzyme system lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase, co-immobilized in the nylon tube reactor for estimation of lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase reactors for estimation of pyruvate give reliable and reproducible results with high precision at low cost.
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PMID:Single- and coupled-enzyme nylon tube reactors for routine determination of pyruvate and lactate in serum. 75 22

The paper described the findings of the activity of aspartate amino transferase (GOT) and alanine amino transferase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and aldolase in the blood serum of calves examined for white-muscle disease (WMD). Relapsing mass accurrence of the disease was reported from various agricultural enterprises where calves were fed a milk replacer without vitamin E. In comparison with clinically healthy calves fed a feed mixture with vitamin E, calves suffering from the clinical form of WMD showed an alkaline phosphatase level decrease from 32.3 +/- 7.6 u. K. A. to 15.1 +/- 8.2 u. K. A. On the other hand, the activites of ALD, GOT, GPT, and LDH showed a statistically significant increase. The acute and sub-acute course of the disease increased enzyme activities as follows: ALD from 4.2 +/- 1.1 mumol (= 70.0 +/- 17.0 i.u.) to 9.7 +/- 2.1 mumol (= 163.0 +/- 33.2 i. u.), GOT from 0.9 +/-0.5 mumol (= 68.0 +/- 5.8 i.u.) to 16.7 +/- 11.7 mumol (= 567.0 +/-40.0 i. u.) GPT from 0.2 +/- 0.8 mumol (= 5.0 +/- 12.4 i. u.) to 9.8 +/- 2.8 mumol (= 330.0 +/- 40.4 i.u.), LDH from 46.1 +/- 5.4 mumol (= 765.0 +/- 40.0 i.u.) to 72.7 +/- 24.3 mumol (= 1,207.0 +/- 403.0 i.u.). In WMD-affected herds, similar enzyme activity fluctuations were observed even in calves showing no clinical signs of the disease. It follows from the study that the examination of serum enzymes provides a method to demonstrate the clinical and pre-clinical forms of white-muscle disease and that it can be included in the set of tests for the diagnosis of diseases in calves. The significant differences in all calves in the affected herds show that the disease is a danger to all animals in the herd fed a deficient mixture.
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PMID:[Activity of some serum enzymes in calves suffering from white muscle disease]. 81 57

The paper described the findings of the activity of aspartate amino transferase (GOT) and alanine amino transferase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and aldolase in the blood serum of calves examined for white-muscle disease (WMD). Relapsing mass accurrence of the disease was reported from various agricultural enterprises where calves were fed a milk replacer without vitamin E. In comparison with clinically healthy calves fed a feed mixture with vitamin E, calves suffering from the clinical form of WMD showed an alkaline phosphatase level decrease from 32.3 +/- 7.6 u. K. A. to 15.1 +/- 8.2 U. K. A. On the other hand, the activities of ALD, GOT, GPT, and LDH showed a statistically significant increase. The acute and subacute course of the disease increased enzyme activities as follows: ALD from 4.2 +/- 1.1 mumol (= 70.0 +/- 17.0 i. u.) to 9.7 +/- 2.1 mumol (= 163.0 +/- 33.2 i. u.), GOT from 0.9 +/- 0.5 mumol (= 68.0 +/- 5.8 i. u.) to 16.7 +/- 11.7 mumol (= 567.0 +/- 40.0 i. u.), GPT from 0.2 +/- 0.8 mumol (= 5.0 +/- 12.4 i. u.) to 9.8 +/- 2.8 mumol (= 330.0 +/- 40.4 i. u.), LDH from 46.1 +/- 5.4 mumol (= 765.0 +/- 40.0 i. u.) to 72.7 +/- 24.3 mumol (= 1,207.0 +/- 403.0 i. u.). In WMD-affected herds, similar enzyme activity fluctuations were observed even in calves showing no clinical signs of the disease. It follows from the study that the examination of serum enzymes provides a method to demonstrate the clinical and pre-clinical forms of white-muscle disease and that it can be included in the set of tests for the diagnosis of diseases in calves. The significant differences in all calves in the affected herds show that the disease is a danger to all animals in the herd fed a deficient mixture.
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PMID:[Activity of various serum enzymes in calves suffering from nutritionally-induced muscular dystrophy]. 81 73

Forty-seven male Macaca mulatta, 3 to 4 kg weight, were inoculated intravenously or subcutaneously with various doses of yolk sac-grown Rickettsia rickettsii. Thirty-four macaques became febrile and exhibited signs of infection ranging from transient illness with a few days of fever to severe illness with subsequent death. The rash appeared more frequently in the macaques inoculated subcutaneously. Febrile macaques that survived had leukocytosis, with concomitant neutrophilia. Febrile macaques that died had, in addition, marked terminal leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Packed cell volume of all febrile macaques decreased. In almost all of the febrile macaques, there were increased serum urea nitrogen, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase and decreased total serum protein and amylase concentrations. A few febrile macaques had increased bilirubin values and decreased sodium, chloride, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations. Changes did not occur in serum glucose, potassium, calcium, and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase values. The experimental form of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the macaque provides a subhuman primate model for studying the pathophysiology of this disease.
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PMID:Changes in blood serum constituents and hematologic values in Macaca mulatta with Rocky Mountain spotted fever. 82 Feb 24

Circulating levels of lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate-oxaloacetate, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, and creatine phosphokinase, as well as its isoenzymes, were measured to investigate the possibility of myocardial damage during acceleration to high +Gz. Serum samples were analyzed in 12 human volunteers before, 6 h after, and 24 h after several bouts of accleration to 6, 8, 9, and 10 G. No substantial elevations of enzyme activities were observed. However, multivariate analysis of variance and multiple comparisons of the data indicated a small but statistically significant (p less than 0.01) increase in creatine phosphokinase. The results were consistent with enhanced skeletal muscle cell permeability consequent to muscular exercise.
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PMID:Serum myocardial enzymes after +Gz acceleration. 83 3

Twenty calves were infected with 1000 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica, the activities of 10 enzymes in plasma or serum were assayed and concentrations in serum of proteins, urea and bilirubin were determined. These values were compared with control data obtained from 14 uninfected calves. Aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, ornithine carbamoyl transferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities increased in infected calves. Total serum protein increased, albumin decreased, globulin increased and the albumin/globulin ratio was decreased in infected calves. Plasma alanine aminotransferase, leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase activities and serum concentration of urea and bilirubin were unaffected. It was concluded that glutamate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were the most sensitive indicators of liver cell damage in fascioliasis.
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PMID:Biochemical indicators of liver injury in calves with experimental fascioliasis. 83 11

In order to assess the extent to which metabolism within the sheep placenta may influence the transfer of metabolites between mother and foetus at different stages of gestation the activities of enzymes concerned with some aspects of carbohydrate, amino acid and keton body metabolism were determined in placental cotyledons resected from ewes during the last three months of pregnancy. The activities of pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), ATP citrate (pro-3S)-lyase (EC 4.1.3.8), citrate (si)-synthase (EC 4.1.3.7), acetyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.1), acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.9) and 3-keto acid CoA-transferase (EC 2.8.3.5) per gram wet weight cotyledon do not change during the period studied. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.1.1.42), ornithine-oxoacid aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.13) and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.30) show an increase in activity between the third and fourth months of pregnancy whilst the activities of arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) and possibly pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1) show an increase in activity between the fourth and final months of pregnancy. Ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) activity declines to one tenth of its activity during this later period. The absence of detectable activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32) and ornithine carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.3) indicate that gluconeogenesis and urea synthesis from ammonia do not occur in the sheep placenta. It appears that the ability of the placenta to metabolise several substrates is achieved by the time the placenta reaches its maximum size at approximately 90 days.
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PMID:Enzyme activities in the sheep placenta during the last three months of pregnancy. 84 73


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