Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fundamental and clinical trials were carried out with cefminox (CMNX, MT-141) in pediatric infections. Results were as follows. The mean serum concentrations of CMNX following intravenous injection of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg were 73.1, 112.5 and 181.4 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after injection, respectively. The serum half-life times were 1.37, 1.20 and 1.53 hours, respectively. Average recovery rates in the urine until 6 hours from the start of injection were 91.4, 59.4 and 85.8%, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of CMNX against clinically isolated organisms was measured; CMNX was more active than CMZ and CEZ against H. influenzae. CMNX was equal to or more active than CMZ and CEZ against E. coli. CMNX was administered clinically to 32 pediatric patients with various infections; 19-pneumonia, 5-bronchopneumonia, 3-bronchitis and 5-pyelonephritis. Overall efficacy rate was 93.8%. Slight elevation of S-GOT and S-GPT was observed in 2 patients. No other serious side effect was observed.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefminox in pediatric field]. 389 3

To evaluate the antibacterial potency of cefotiam (CTM) clinical and laboratory studies were carried out and the results were as follows. Clinical evaluation and adverse reaction CTM was given to total of 23 patients, 10 with bronchopneumonia, 10 with bronchitis and one each with cystitis, enteritis and suspected sepsis. Overall efficacy rate was 78.3% (18/23) (excellent 9, good 9, fair 3, poor 2). Only 1 case showed a side effect of slightly elevated GOT and GPT. Antibacterial activities MIC of CTM against isolates from sputum was investigated on those patients mentioned above and was compared with MIC of CEZ and CMZ. CTM showed superior antibacterial activity against almost all strains. Especially on Haemophilus and Klebsiella antibacterial activity of CTM was impressive. Organisms in sputum Four out of 8 causative bacteria disappeared and 1 out of 8 decreased after administration of CTM. Thus CTM is considered to be the useful drug for the treatment of respiratory infection.
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PMID:[Antibacterial potency of cefotiam based on the clinical effect, MIC and decrement of organisms in the sputum]. 631 12

T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, was basically and clinically studied in the field of pediatrics, and the following results were obtained. 1. The antibacterial activity of T-1982 was compared with that of CEZ, CMZ and ABPC. T-1982 was more active than the other drugs against Gram-negative bacteria, the sensitivity of E. coli (22 strains), K. pneumoniae (18 strains), P. mirabilis (19 strains), P. vulgaris (4 strains), P. morganii (5 strains) and K. oxytoca (4 strains) distributing less than 0.39, 0.1, 1.56, 0.39, 6.25 and 0.2 microgram/ml, respectively. Two of 3 strains of C. freundii were inhibited by 12.5 micrograms/ml. Against Gram-positive bacteria, the activity of T-1982 was inferior to that of the other drugs. S. pyogenes (28 strains) were inhibited by 0.78 microgram/ml or less, but the sensitivity of S. aureus (34 strains distributed 12.5-100 micrograms/ml). 2. T-1982 was administered to each 3 children at a dose of 20 mg/kg by one shot intravenous injection or 1 hour drip infusion, or at dose of 40 mg/kg by 1 hour drip infusion. The mean serum levels at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after one shot intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg were respectively 74.3, 56.3, 42.3, 17.6, 5.7 and 1.2 micrograms/ml with the mean half-life of 1.01 hours. The values were 32.9, 50.0, 73.7, 27.5, 12.4 and 4.5 micrograms/ml and 1.31 hours by intravenous drip infusion of 20 mg/kg and 50.4, 104.7, 136.3, 62.3, 18.6 and 6.9 micrograms/ml and 1.16 hours by intravenous drip infusion of 40 mg/kg. The mean urinary recovery rates within 6 hours were 47.7, 67.6 and 60.9%, respectively. 3. Treatment with T-1982 was made in 28 cases of pediatric infections; 1 case of acute bronchitis, 19 cases of acute bronchopneumonia or lobar pneumonia, 2 cases of acute purulent cervical lymphadenitis, 4 cases of acute pyelonephritis and each 1 case of subcutaneous abscess and suspected bacterial endocarditis. The clinical responses assessed in 27 cases were excellent in 21 cases, good in 5 cases and poor in 1 case, the efficacy rate being 96.3%. Bacteriologically, 2 strains of S. aureus, 3 strains of S. pneumoniae, 4 strains of H. influenzae, 2 strains of E. coli and 1 strain of P. mirabilis were eradicated. One strain of S. faecalis was reduced. No side effects were observed in any cases. Slight elevation of GOT and GPT and that of GOT were noted in each 1 case.
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PMID:[Basic and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of pediatrics]. 634 36

T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new injectable cephamycin antibiotic, was studied for its antibacterial activity, concentration in serum and urine, penetration into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as well as clinical application. The following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial activity: The susceptibilities of clinically isolated K. pneumoniae, E. coli and E. cloacae to T-1982 were superior to those of CEZ CMZ, and ABPC. T-1982 seemed to be useful for various infections due to Gram-negative rods. 2. Concentration in serum and urine: Subjects were 10 children with congenital heart failure but no abnormal renal and liver functions. T-1982 was given intravenously to 3 groups at 200 mg/kg by one shot (4 cases), 20 mg/kg by 1 hour drip infusion (3 cases) and 10 mg/kg by 1 hour drip infusion (3 cases). The half-lives were 60, 78 and 85 minutes, respectively. 3. Penetration into cerebrospinal fluid: Three children with malignant tumor were injected 20 mg/kg intravenously. A small amount of T-1982 was penetrated into CSF. 4. Clinical efficacy: T-1982 was administered daily 40-116 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d. for 2-14 days to 17 children comprising 1 bronchopneumonia, 1 bronchitis, 4 tonsillitis, 1 lymphadenitis, 1 sepsis, 1 pharyngitis, 1 impetigo, 1 acute sinusitis and 6 pyelonephritis. Clinical efficacy was excellent in 10, good in 2, fair and poor in 3, and the efficacy rate was 70.6%. Bacteriological effect was as follows; eradicated in 9 cases and unknown in 8 cases. As side effect, GOT and GPT elevations unrelated to the drug were observed in 2 cases. Other abnormal findings were not found. T-1982 seems to be safe antibiotic in the field of pediatrics.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of pediatrics]. 634 37

T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, was studied for its MICs against clinical isolates, transfer into uterine tissues and clinical efficacy in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The following results were obtained. The MICs of T-1982 were measured against 397 strains of 13 species. In antibacterial activity, T-1982 was equal to CTT but inferior to CMZ against Gram-positive bacteria. Against Gram-negative bacteria, T-1982 was superior to CEZ and other cephamycin antibiotics, i.e. CMZ and CTT. The activity of T-1982 was almost equal to that of CMZ and superior to that of CTT against B. fragilis. T-1982 concentrations in various uterine tissues attained the peaks of 16.8-35.9 micrograms/g at 34 minutes after intravenous administration of 1 g, the tissue/serum ratios being 34-72%. The tissue concentrations were about 3-4 micrograms/g even at 5-5.5 hours after administration. T-1982 was intravenously administered at a dose of 1 g twice daily to 5 cases with obstetrical and gynecological infections. All the cases responded to the therapy. Elevated GOT and GPT were observed in 1 case, but they returned to normal on 8 days after the therapy.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. 635 87

As a result of conducting experimental and clinical tests with the newly developed cephalosporin, cefoperazone (CPZ), the following conclusions were obtained: (1) When tested against 10 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 16 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, the antibacterial activity of CPZ was found to be weaker than that of CEZ. Against 5 strains of A-beta-Streptococcus and 4 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, both CPZ and CEZ exhibited similar excellent antibacterial activity. CPZ was effective against 18 strains of Escherichia coli though its activity was influenced by the amount of inoculated bacteria present. Against 15 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 10 strains of Haemophilus parahaemolyticus, CPZ was found to be more effective than CEZ though several high-resistant strains were noted. CPZ also showed more excellent antibacterial activity than CEZ against 4 strains of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 5 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 8 strains of Salmonella sp., 4 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 4 strains of Proteus sp. (2) The mean half-life in the blood following intravenous injections of 25 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of CPZ to three children was 70 minutes. (3) One hour after intravenous injection of 25 mg/kg of CPZ to 3 cases of aseptic meningitis, drug concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was 1.20 mcg/ml, less than 0.39 mcg/ml and 1.55 mcg/ml. In one case, the CSF/serum ratio was 2.7%. (4) The average recovery rate in the urine of children who had received intravenous administrations of 25 mg/kg (3 children) and 10 mg/kg (1 child) was 17.8% between 0 and 6 hours. (5) Eighteen pediatric patients received CPZ in doses ranging from 48 to 170 mg/kg divided three-four times a day. They were RTI in 7, URI in 5, UTI in 5, SSSS in 1 and enteritis in 1 children. The clinical effectiveness of CPZ was judged to be remarkedly effective in 11 children, effective in 5 children and ineffective in 3 children, with an overall effective rate of 84.2%. One patient of tonsillitis combined sinusitis was considered 2 cases. The three cases in which the drug was found to e ineffective were 2 cases of pyothorax and 1 case of sinusitis. (6) Side effects were 1 case of eosinophilia, 2 cases of elevation of GOT and GPT, and 1 case of mild elevation of GOT. All were considered to be minor.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefoperazone in children (author's transl)]. 645 30

Clinical trials were carried out with cefotetan (CTT) in pediatric infections. Results were as follows; The mean serum concentrations of CTT following intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg were 204, 97, 56, 15, 10 micrograms/ml at 15, 60, 120, 360, 480 minutes after injection. The serum half-life was 2.18 hours. 68.3% was excreted in urine within 8 hours after injection. In vitro, the antimicrobial activity of CTT was more active than CEZ and CMZ against E. coli, H. influenzae and K. pneumoniae. CTT was administered clinically to 22 pediatric patients with various infections; 9 pneumonias, 4 bronchopneumonias, 1 acute tonsillitis and 8 urinary tract infections. Overall efficacy rate was 95%. The favorable clinical response could be gained by the doses of 30 mg/kg with being given every 12 hours. Slight elevation of S-GOT and S-GPT with mild diarrhea was observed in 2 patients and eosinophilia in 1 patient. No other serious side effect was observed.
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PMID:[Evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics]. 658 34

The therapeutic efficacy and safety of cefmetazole, a cephamycin-derived antibiotic in an injectable form were evaluated in patients with pyogenic infection in the dermatological field. Especially, it was found to be extremely effective for the skin diseases due to staphylococci or streptococci. The results obtained were the following; marked improvement in 18 cases and moderate improvement in 34 cases out of 61 cases, attaining efficacy of 86.7%. Side effects were noted as the rise of GOT and GPT in 3 cases, which were normalized by ceasing its further administration. The MIC of cefmetazole against Staphylococcus aureus isolated out of foci was 0.39-6.25 microgram/ml, while those of CEZ, CXM and ABPC used as the controls exceeded 50 microgram/ml in some cases. It is considered thus, that cefmetazole, is superior to these other antibiotics also in terms of MIC.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefmetazole in the dermatologic field]. 675 65

Laboratory and clinical studies were performed on a newly introduced antibiotic of the cephamycin series, cefoxitin (CFX), and the results obtained were as follows: 1. Employing clinical isolates, MICs were determined and comparisons made with those of cephalosporins. The MICs of CFX against S. aureus and S. pyogenes slightly inferior to those of the cephalosporins, while the MICs of CFX against Gram-negative bacilli such as E. coli, Proteus sp. and Klebsiella sp. were considerably superior to those of CER and CET, and slightly superior to those of CEZ. 2. The peak serum concentrations were 34.7 mcg/ml and 67.6 mcg/ml at 30 minutes after an intravenous injection in doses of 12.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively. The peak serum concentration was 40.8 mcg/ml at the end of 60 minutes intravenous drip infusion when it was given in a dose of 25 mg/kg. In these cases, the serum half life were 25.8-51.2 minutes, and their urinary recovery were 67-90%. 3. Clinically, CFX was given to the 29 children with a total of 31 of varying bacterial infections: 6 cases of urinary tract infection (U.T.I.), 19 of respiratory tract infection (R.T.I.), 2 of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (S.S.S.S.), 2 of purulent lymphadenitis and 2 cases of soft tissue dermatological infections. Overall efficacy rate was 83.9% (26 cases). No significant adverse reaction was noted except for 1 case of rash. Abnormal laboratory findings observed were elevation of GOT and GPT in 1 patient and of GPT in 1 patient.
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PMID:[Basic and clinical studies on cefoxitin in pediatrics (author's transl)]. 728 20