Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aztreonam (AZT) was evaluated for its clinical efficacy in 6 patients with pelvic peritonitis. In all the cases, AZT was administered by intravenous injection, and the duration of treatment ranged from 4 to 12 days. Daily dose was 2 g in 4 cases, and 4 g in the remaining 2 cases. Surgical treatment was necessary in 2 cases, whereas in another 2 cases, either LMOX or ABPC was administered in addition to AZT. The clinical results was excellent or good in 5 out of 6 cases. Side effects possibly attributed to AZT were diarrhea in 2 cases and slight increase of GOT and GPT in 1 case, although they disappeared promptly afterward.
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PMID:[Clinical efficacy of aztreonam in pelvic peritonitis]. 383 36

Fundamental and clinical studies were carried out with aztreonam (AZT), a new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic, in pediatric infections. Results were as follows. The mean half-lives in the vein blood were 1.09 hours, 1.18 hours, 1.22 hours after injection, when the doses were 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively. Dose response was observed. The average recovery rates in the urine between 0 and 6 hours were 40.2%, 42.3%, 50.8% when the doses were 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively. The antibacterial activity of AZT against 16 clinical isolates were determined in comparison with those of ABPC, CPZ, LMOX and CTX. Against 8 clinical isolates of E. coli and 3 of H. influenzae, the activity of AZT was equal or superior to that of CPZ, LMOX and CTX, and way by far superior to that of ABPC. Twenty-three pediatric patients received AZT in doses ranging from 48 to 79 mg/kg divided 3 times a day; 12 cases of urinary tract infection, 9 cases of respiratory tract infection and 2 cases of bacterial enterocolitis. The rate of clinical effectiveness was 100%. No side effect was observed. Slight elevation of GOT and GPT were observed in 2 cases, increase of platelet count in 2. All were considered to be transient and mild.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of aztreonam in pediatric infections]. 409 58

Pharmacokinetics, in vitro, and in vivo effect of aztreonam (SQ 26,776, AZT), a newly synthesized monobactam antibiotic, were investigated in pediatric patients. The pharmacokinetics were studied in 12 children without renal or hepatic impairment, each of whom received single 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg intravenous doses of drug. Serial samples of serum and urine were assayed for AZT. Serum pharmacokinetics of AZT were described by an open, linear, two-compartment kinetic model. After intravenous administration, AZT was eliminated primarily by urinary excretion of unchanged drug (60.4%). The average biological half-lives of AZT in serum were 1.33 (10 mg/kg, n = 1), 1.69 +/- 0.40 (20 mg/kg, n = 8), and 1.51 +/- 0.61 (40 mg/kg, n = 3) hours. The antibacterial activity of AZT against E. coli and P. aeruginosa was equal or slightly stronger than that of CPZ, LMOX, and CTX. It had no antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive cocci. In vivo effect of AZT was evaluated in 13 children with various infections. The result was excellent in 7 cases, good in 1 case, fair in 3 cases and poor in 1 case, with effective ratio of 66.7%. Exanthema or elevation of GOT and GPT were noticed in 3 patients.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of aztreonam in pediatrics]. 409 61

Laboratory and clinical studies on ceftazidime ( CAZ ), a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results were as follows: Antibacterial activities of CAZ against clinically isolated strains of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, E. coli and P. aeruginosa were compared with those of cefotaxime (CTX), ceftizoxime (CZX), latamoxef ( LMOX ), cefoperazone (CPZ) and cefmetazole (CMZ), and also with cefsulodin (CFS) and gentamicin (GM) against P. aeruginosa. Against S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae, CAZ was almost as active as CTX, CZX and CPZ. Against E. coli, it was almost as active as CTX, CZX and LMOX . Against P. aeruginosa, it was almost as active as CFS and GM. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates after intravenous bolus injection of CAZ at doses of 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg for 5 minutes in each 2 cases (4 cases in total) were determined. The mean serum concentrations of CAZ were 78.9 and 52.0 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 38.5 and 27.4 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, and 6.5 and 4.8 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, with serum half-lives (T 1/2) of 1.39 and 1.80 hours respectively. Mean cumulative urinary excretion rate within 6 hours after administration was 84.6%. In a patient with chronic renal failure, serum half-life was 3.22 hours and urinary excretion rate within 6 hours was 22.8% (after intravenous bolus injection of CAZ at a dose of 10 mg/kg). CAZ was administered at a dose of 55.5 mg/kg by intravenous bolus injection to a child with purulent meningitis. The levels of CAZ in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at 1 hour after administration were 2.7-38.9 micrograms/ml with CSF/Serum ratios of 3.2-28.8%. Forty-two pediatric patients with various bacterial infections (pyelonephritis 14, tonsillitis 1, bronchopneumonia 3, pneumonia 17, purulent meningitis 1, bacteremia 2, SSSS 1, enterocolitis 3) were treated with CAZ at a daily dose of 49-222 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d. (as a rule 60 mg/kg t.i.d.). The efficacy rate was 97.6% clinically and 97.8% bacteriologically. No adverse reactions were observed except 1 case with mild diarrhea. Abnormal laboratory findings were also only mild; eosinophilia in 1, slight elevation of GOT in 5 and that of GOT & GPT in 3 cases. These results indicate the usefulness of CAZ in the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on ceftazidime in the field of pediatrics]. 637 56

Chronic toxicity study of latamoxef (LMOX, 6059-S) by intravenous administration at dose levels of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg daily for 6 months was carried out in adult Beagle dogs. All dogs of the 6059-S treated groups survived throughout the experimental period without showing any toxic signs other than occasional vomiting. Slight decrease of RBC, Ht, Hb and platelet, and increase of reticulocytes were noted in the 400 mg/kg group. Blood chemistry revealed decreased activity in GPT in the 6059-S treated groups, and increased contents of total protein and lipids in the 400 mg/kg group. These clinical changes were slight and transient in most instances. Liver and kidneys weights increased slightly without accompanying any pathological alterations. Inflammatory changes, probably due to mechanical irritation, were found in the subcutis and around the vein at the injection sites in all groups including the mannitol control group. From these results it is concluded that the maximum nontoxic dose in dogs is in the range of 200 to 400 mg/kg when the 6059-S was intravenously administered daily for 6 months.
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PMID:[Chronic toxicity study of latamoxef in beagle dog (author's transl)]. 646 78

Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies on the perinatal use of latamoxef (LMOX, Shiomarin), a new parenteral oxacephem antibiotic, were carried out and the results obtained were as follows: After LMOX was intravenously given to mother at a dose of 1 g, the umbilical cord serum concentration of LMOX reached to peak with 18.4 micrograms/ml in 1 hour 20 minutes and its concentration was higher than the maternal serum after 2 hours 25 minutes and decreased gradually (T 1/2 beta = 1.61 hours). The materno-fetal transfer of LMOX was 71.0%. LMOX showed the good transfer as well as other cephalosporins. After LMOX was intravenously administered to mother at a dose of 1 g, LMOX concentration in milk wasn't detectable up to 12 hours. LMOX was intravenously administered to 18 cases with premature rupture of membrane, at a daily dose of 2 g for 3--6 days. The prophylactic effects were observed in all cases, both mother and neonate. No adverse effects were observed in mother except for 1 case with low grade abnormality of S-GPT, transiently. We observed 3 neonates with jaundice (total bilirubin greater than or equal to 17.0 mg/dl) probably not related to LMOX. It is concluded that LMOX is less toxic, safe and clinically useful antibiotic for the treatment of perinatal infections.
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical studies on latamoxef in the perinatal period]. 665 63