Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fundamental and clinical trials were carried out with cefminox (CMNX, MT-141) in pediatric infections. Results were as follows. The mean serum concentrations of CMNX following intravenous injection of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg were 73.1, 112.5 and 181.4 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after injection, respectively. The serum half-life times were 1.37, 1.20 and 1.53 hours, respectively. Average recovery rates in the urine until 6 hours from the start of injection were 91.4, 59.4 and 85.8%, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of CMNX against clinically isolated organisms was measured; CMNX was more active than CMZ and CEZ against H. influenzae. CMNX was equal to or more active than CMZ and CEZ against E. coli. CMNX was administered clinically to 32 pediatric patients with various infections; 19-pneumonia, 5-bronchopneumonia, 3-bronchitis and 5-pyelonephritis. Overall efficacy rate was 93.8%. Slight elevation of S-GOT and S-GPT was observed in 2 patients. No other serious side effect was observed.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefminox in pediatric field]. 389 3

To evaluate the antibacterial potency of cefotiam (CTM) clinical and laboratory studies were carried out and the results were as follows. Clinical evaluation and adverse reaction CTM was given to total of 23 patients, 10 with bronchopneumonia, 10 with bronchitis and one each with cystitis, enteritis and suspected sepsis. Overall efficacy rate was 78.3% (18/23) (excellent 9, good 9, fair 3, poor 2). Only 1 case showed a side effect of slightly elevated GOT and GPT. Antibacterial activities MIC of CTM against isolates from sputum was investigated on those patients mentioned above and was compared with MIC of CEZ and CMZ. CTM showed superior antibacterial activity against almost all strains. Especially on Haemophilus and Klebsiella antibacterial activity of CTM was impressive. Organisms in sputum Four out of 8 causative bacteria disappeared and 1 out of 8 decreased after administration of CTM. Thus CTM is considered to be the useful drug for the treatment of respiratory infection.
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PMID:[Antibacterial potency of cefotiam based on the clinical effect, MIC and decrement of organisms in the sputum]. 631 12

T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, was basically and clinically studied in the field of pediatrics, and the following results were obtained. 1. The antibacterial activity of T-1982 was compared with that of CEZ, CMZ and ABPC. T-1982 was more active than the other drugs against Gram-negative bacteria, the sensitivity of E. coli (22 strains), K. pneumoniae (18 strains), P. mirabilis (19 strains), P. vulgaris (4 strains), P. morganii (5 strains) and K. oxytoca (4 strains) distributing less than 0.39, 0.1, 1.56, 0.39, 6.25 and 0.2 microgram/ml, respectively. Two of 3 strains of C. freundii were inhibited by 12.5 micrograms/ml. Against Gram-positive bacteria, the activity of T-1982 was inferior to that of the other drugs. S. pyogenes (28 strains) were inhibited by 0.78 microgram/ml or less, but the sensitivity of S. aureus (34 strains distributed 12.5-100 micrograms/ml). 2. T-1982 was administered to each 3 children at a dose of 20 mg/kg by one shot intravenous injection or 1 hour drip infusion, or at dose of 40 mg/kg by 1 hour drip infusion. The mean serum levels at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after one shot intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg were respectively 74.3, 56.3, 42.3, 17.6, 5.7 and 1.2 micrograms/ml with the mean half-life of 1.01 hours. The values were 32.9, 50.0, 73.7, 27.5, 12.4 and 4.5 micrograms/ml and 1.31 hours by intravenous drip infusion of 20 mg/kg and 50.4, 104.7, 136.3, 62.3, 18.6 and 6.9 micrograms/ml and 1.16 hours by intravenous drip infusion of 40 mg/kg. The mean urinary recovery rates within 6 hours were 47.7, 67.6 and 60.9%, respectively. 3. Treatment with T-1982 was made in 28 cases of pediatric infections; 1 case of acute bronchitis, 19 cases of acute bronchopneumonia or lobar pneumonia, 2 cases of acute purulent cervical lymphadenitis, 4 cases of acute pyelonephritis and each 1 case of subcutaneous abscess and suspected bacterial endocarditis. The clinical responses assessed in 27 cases were excellent in 21 cases, good in 5 cases and poor in 1 case, the efficacy rate being 96.3%. Bacteriologically, 2 strains of S. aureus, 3 strains of S. pneumoniae, 4 strains of H. influenzae, 2 strains of E. coli and 1 strain of P. mirabilis were eradicated. One strain of S. faecalis was reduced. No side effects were observed in any cases. Slight elevation of GOT and GPT and that of GOT were noted in each 1 case.
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PMID:[Basic and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of pediatrics]. 634 36

T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new injectable cephamycin antibiotic, was studied for its antibacterial activity, concentration in serum and urine, penetration into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as well as clinical application. The following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial activity: The susceptibilities of clinically isolated K. pneumoniae, E. coli and E. cloacae to T-1982 were superior to those of CEZ CMZ, and ABPC. T-1982 seemed to be useful for various infections due to Gram-negative rods. 2. Concentration in serum and urine: Subjects were 10 children with congenital heart failure but no abnormal renal and liver functions. T-1982 was given intravenously to 3 groups at 200 mg/kg by one shot (4 cases), 20 mg/kg by 1 hour drip infusion (3 cases) and 10 mg/kg by 1 hour drip infusion (3 cases). The half-lives were 60, 78 and 85 minutes, respectively. 3. Penetration into cerebrospinal fluid: Three children with malignant tumor were injected 20 mg/kg intravenously. A small amount of T-1982 was penetrated into CSF. 4. Clinical efficacy: T-1982 was administered daily 40-116 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d. for 2-14 days to 17 children comprising 1 bronchopneumonia, 1 bronchitis, 4 tonsillitis, 1 lymphadenitis, 1 sepsis, 1 pharyngitis, 1 impetigo, 1 acute sinusitis and 6 pyelonephritis. Clinical efficacy was excellent in 10, good in 2, fair and poor in 3, and the efficacy rate was 70.6%. Bacteriological effect was as follows; eradicated in 9 cases and unknown in 8 cases. As side effect, GOT and GPT elevations unrelated to the drug were observed in 2 cases. Other abnormal findings were not found. T-1982 seems to be safe antibiotic in the field of pediatrics.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of pediatrics]. 634 37

T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, was studied for its MICs against clinical isolates, transfer into uterine tissues and clinical efficacy in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The following results were obtained. The MICs of T-1982 were measured against 397 strains of 13 species. In antibacterial activity, T-1982 was equal to CTT but inferior to CMZ against Gram-positive bacteria. Against Gram-negative bacteria, T-1982 was superior to CEZ and other cephamycin antibiotics, i.e. CMZ and CTT. The activity of T-1982 was almost equal to that of CMZ and superior to that of CTT against B. fragilis. T-1982 concentrations in various uterine tissues attained the peaks of 16.8-35.9 micrograms/g at 34 minutes after intravenous administration of 1 g, the tissue/serum ratios being 34-72%. The tissue concentrations were about 3-4 micrograms/g even at 5-5.5 hours after administration. T-1982 was intravenously administered at a dose of 1 g twice daily to 5 cases with obstetrical and gynecological infections. All the cases responded to the therapy. Elevated GOT and GPT were observed in 1 case, but they returned to normal on 8 days after the therapy.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. 635 87

Fundamental and clinical studies of cefotetan (CTT) were made in pediatric field and the following results were obtained. Antimicrobial activity MIC80 values of CTT against clinically isolated S. aureus (32 strains), E. coli (33 strains) and K. pneumoniae (33 strains) were 25, 0.1 and 0.1 microgram/ml respectively. Antimicrobial activities of CTT against E. coli and K. pneumoniae were superior to those of CMZ, though the activity against S. aureus was inferior to that of CMZ. Pharmacokinetics When 20 mg/kg of CTT was administered to 3 children, who were 3 to 8 years of age, by a intravenous bolus injection, the mean serum concentrations of the drug after 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours were 110.7 +/- 9.2, 81.7 +/- 10.1, 50.0 +/- 7.5, 25.3 +/- 4.6, 14.9 +/- 5.5 and 7.7 +/- 2.8 micrograms/ml respectively, and the mean half-life (beta) was 2.01 +/- 0.32 hours. The mean concentrations of the drug in urine after 0-2, 2-4, 4-6 and 6-8 hours were 1,377 +/- 787, 1,045 +/- 689, 1,067 +/- 680 and 358 +/- 80 micrograms/ml respectively, and the mean recovery rate by 8 hours was 67.3 +/- 16.2%. Clinical study CTT was administered to 42 children of 2 monthes to 14 years of age, and clinical response, bacteriological effect and adverse reaction of the drug were studied. Clinical effects were evaluated in 8 cases of acute purulent tonsillitis, each 1 case of acute otitis media and acute bronchitis, 16 cases of acute bronchopneumonia or acute lobar pneumonia, 9 cases of acute pyelonephritis and 1 case of erysipelas, the results were excellent in 30 cases, good in 3, fair in 2 and poor in 1, and thus 91.7% of efficacy rate was obtained. Out of suspected causative organisms including 12 strains of H. influenzae, 1 strain of H. parainfluenzae, 7 strains of E. coli, 2 strains of S. pyogenes, 2 strains of S. pneumoniae and each 1 strain of S. epidermidis and S. faecalis, all the strains except each 1 strain of H. influenzae and S. faecalis disappeared after the treatment. Thus 92.3% of eradication rate was obtained. No side effects were recognized. Though abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 3 cases (7.1%), including elevation of GOT and GPT in 2 cases and eosinophilia in 1 case, those findings came to be normal after the treatment.
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics]. 658 33

Clinical trials were carried out with cefotetan (CTT) in pediatric infections. Results were as follows; The mean serum concentrations of CTT following intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg were 204, 97, 56, 15, 10 micrograms/ml at 15, 60, 120, 360, 480 minutes after injection. The serum half-life was 2.18 hours. 68.3% was excreted in urine within 8 hours after injection. In vitro, the antimicrobial activity of CTT was more active than CEZ and CMZ against E. coli, H. influenzae and K. pneumoniae. CTT was administered clinically to 22 pediatric patients with various infections; 9 pneumonias, 4 bronchopneumonias, 1 acute tonsillitis and 8 urinary tract infections. Overall efficacy rate was 95%. The favorable clinical response could be gained by the doses of 30 mg/kg with being given every 12 hours. Slight elevation of S-GOT and S-GPT with mild diarrhea was observed in 2 patients and eosinophilia in 1 patient. No other serious side effect was observed.
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PMID:[Evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics]. 658 34

1. Therapeutic effects of cefmetazole (cefmetazon, CMZ) were examined in 22 cases of bronchopneumonia. 2. Among the 22 cases, 17 cases (77%) showed better response than 'effective'. However, 10 cases (91%) showed better response than 'effective' if a daily of 4 g (11 cases) was taken into consideration. 3. No particular symptomatic side effect of CMZ was shown. Abnormality in such laboratory tests as transaminase (1 case of GOT, and 2 cases of GPT) and 1 case of alkaline phosphatase were observed, and the abnormality was ascribable to CMZ administration.
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PMID:[Clinical experience of therapeutic use of cefmetazole (cefmetazon) or bronchopneumonia (author's transl)]. 694 46

1. Medium to large amount of CMZ (100-270 mg/kg/day) was administered to 4 cases of neonatal infants having severe infections due to pathogenic E. coli and sepsis due to E. coli CMZ was remarkably effective in all cases, and the causative bacteria disappeared in 100%. 2. Among 10 cases which administered CMZ, 5 cases showed side effect. Eruption, diarrhea and increase of GOT, GPT and LDH activities were observed but no case suggested interruption of administration. 3. Blood level of CMZ was determined in 4 cases of 0-1 day old, premature infants. The half life of CMZ was 8.55-15.3 hours, prolonged considerably, and 12 hours after one shot (20 mg/kg) of intravenous CMZ administration, 20.2 microgram/ml of blood level was maintained. 4. Intraspinal CMZ level was determined in aseptic meningitis. When one shot 50 mg/kg CMZ was given intravenously, intraspinal CMZ levels after 30 minutes and 1 hour were 20.3 microgram/ml and 34.5 microgram/ml, respectively, and distribution of CMZ in the cerebrospinal fluid was shown to be excellent. 5. Exchange blood infusion (amount of exchange, 170 ml/Kg) was performed in a small premature newborn baby, and blood transformation of CMZ was examined. It was found as the result that the blood level of CMZ was decreased to 53% of the pretreated level. 6. MIC of CMZ was examined in 3 strains of E. coli isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid. MICs were 0.39-0.78 microgram/ml when 10(6)/ml was inoculated and 0.78-1.56 when 10(8)/ml was inoculated.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical evaluation of cefmetazole in the newborn infants (author's transl)]. 702 22