Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighteen immuno-compromised children (malignancies, hematological diseases, collagen diseases) with neutropenia and infections were treated with imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS), and the efficacy and the safety of the drug were evaluated. 1. Responses to IPM/CS were excellent in 13 patients, good in 1, and fair in 4. None of the patients displayed a poor response to the treatment thus the efficacy rate was 77.8%. 2. Of 5 patients with sepsis, 4 had excellent or good responses. IPM/CS was effective against sepsis caused by Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 3. In patients with severe neutropenia (WBC less than 100/mm3), the efficacy rate was 70%. 4. As for side effects, elevations of GOT and GPT were observed in 1 patient with liver cirrhosis. These results indicate that IPM/CS is safe and effective in immuno-compromised children with neutropenia and infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium against infections in compromised children (malignancy, hematological disease, collagen disease)]. 143 90

The efficacy and safety of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) were studied in patients with obstetric and gynecologic infections and in those given the drug as prophylaxis against postoperative infections. The following results were obtained: 1. Efficacy rates were 96.0% (48/50) in patients with obstetric and gynecologic infections and 100% (28/28) in those with urinary tract or other infections. The overall efficacy rate was 97.4% (76/78). Bacteriologically, 30 organisms were isolated from 28 patients. The eradication rate was 95.2% (20/21) and the efficacy rate was 96.4% (27/28). 2. Changes in blood elastase before and after treatment were compared with those in CRP, WBC, and ESR in the patients with obstetric and gynecologic infections. The changes in elastase were similar to those in CRP. 3. The efficacy rate was 98.0% (48/49) in the patients given prophylaxis against postoperative obstetric and gynecologic infections. 4. An adverse reaction was observed in only one patient (diarrhea), and abnormal laboratory findings were noted in 2 patients (elevation of GOT and GPT). These results indicate that IPM/CS is very useful for the treatment of obstetric and gynecologic infections.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. 143 92

Clinical efficacy of IPM/CS against urinary tract infections (UTI) was evaluated on 19 patients with malignancies (bladder tumor: 15, prostate cancer: 3, uterus cancer: 1) and 1 patient with a benign disorder (ureter stenosis) who had undergone ureterocutaneostomy between January, 1988 and December, 1990. Their ages ranged from 42 to 79 years. Postoperatively, they had UTI with pyuria of greater than or equal to 5/hpf and bacteriuria of greater than or equal to 10(4)/ml. IPM/CS was administered at a dose of 0.5 g (0.25g/0.25 g) twice a day through intravenous drip infusion. Its efficacy was evaluated according to the UTI criteria for clinical evaluation as ruled by the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy. Overall clinical value was rated "excellent" in 4 (20%), "moderate" in 9 (45%) and "poor" in 7 (35%) cases for a total of 65%. The efficacy by types of infection was 33% and 70.6% in the group of single infection and in the group of mixed infection, respectively. As to bacteriological efficacy 34 of the 38 strains (89.5%) isolated were eradicated following its administration. The eradication rate was 84.6% for P. aeruginosa, and 84.6% for E. faecalis. Microbes which appeared after its dosing amounted to 6 classes of 17 strains, 6 NFB strains of which were identified. As a side effect, elevation of serum GPT (5%) was noted. Regardless of the underlying conditions (malignant diseases and ureterocutaneostomy), clinical efficacy of IPM/CS was appreciable. In addition, the MIC for (P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis) of IPM/CS was lower than that of PIPC.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin sodium against urinary tract infections with ureterocutaneostomy]. 152 97

We evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of intramuscular (as a new route of administration) imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) in patients with intrauterine infections which are typical in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Twenty-seven patients were treated with IPM/CS, 250 mg/250 mg b.i.d. (3 patients), 500 mg/500 mg b.i.d. (22) and other dosages (a change in dosing regimen, 2). The duration of treatment ranged from 3 to 11 days and the total dosage during an entire course of treatment varied from 1.5 to 9.0 g. The drug was suspended in a lidocaine solution and administered in the gluteal muscle of the patients. 2. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 7 patients (26%), good in 19 (70%) and poor in 1 (4%) and the overall efficacy rate was 96.3%. All of the 8 patients who had not previously showed improvements with treatment by other antibiotics responded well to this drug. 3. Bacteriologically, the clinical efficacy rate was 95.8% (23/24) and the eradication rate was 76.2% (16/21). 4. No adverse effects due to the drug were observed. As abnormal laboratory test results, transient elevations of GOT and GPT were noted in one patient.
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PMID:[Clinical study of intramuscular imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. 179 69

Clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) were conducted in 40 pediatric patients. 29 out of the 40 patients were treated for infections and 11 for prophylaxis. The following results were obtained. 1. The response rate in 29 patients with infections was 79.3%. Among the 29 patients, 16 patients who presented with malignant diseases showed the response rate of 68.8%. The response rate was lower in patients with severe infections than in those with mild or moderate infections, and a lower response rate was associated with severe neutropenia. However, there were no differences in the response rates between patients who had previously been treated and those who had been untreated with other antibiotics. The response rate in 6 patients from whom causative organisms were isolated was 83.3% and that in the remaining 23 patients was 78.3%. 2. The response rate in 11 patients to whom IPM/CS was administered prophylactically was 63.6%. 3. As for side effects, a rash was observed in 1 patient and hematuria in another, and the abnormal laboratory test results observed were elevations of GOT and GPT in 1 patient. However, they were not clinically significant. From the above results, it appears that IPM/CS may be used as a drug of the first choice for the treatment of patients with severe infections in which the causative organisms are unknown, and for the prophylaxis of infection in patients with neutropenia.
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PMID:[Clinical study of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in children with severe infections]. 234 51

Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS), a combined preparation of a new carbapenem antibiotic and a dehydropeptidase-I inhibitor, respectively, were carried out in neonates and premature infants in a joint study by a co-research group. 1. Peak blood levels of IPM/CS when administered at 10 mg/10 mg/kg or 20 mg/20 mg/kg by 30- or 60-minute intravenous drip infusion were achieved at the end of infusion. A dose response was clearly observed between the doses and the peak levels achieved. 2. The areas under the blood concentration time curve (AUC) of CS were greater than those of IPM in most patients. Blood half-lives of IPM and CS tended to be longer in younger neonates and premature infants than in older subjects. The blood half-life of CS tended to be longer than that of IPM. 3. Cumulative urinary recovery rates of CS were greater than those of IPM, cumulative urinary recovery rates tended to be greater in older neonates and premature infants than younger subjects. 4. One hundred and thirteen patients were treated for bacterial infections with IPM/CS and 32 patients were treated prophylactically. Daily doses of IPM/CS ranged from 9 mg/9 mg/kg to 150 mg/150 mg/kg. 5. Clinical efficacies of IPM/CS were evaluated in a total of 56 patients with identified etiologic pathogens. The efficacy rate was 98.2% with 33 patients rated as excellent, 22 patients as good and 1 patient as fairly good. (Diagnoses were sepsis in 10 patients and meningitis in 2 patients, etc.) Fifty-seven patients with no identified etiologic pathogens were rated as excellent for 22 patients, good for 34 patients and fairly good for 1. The efficacy rate in these patients was 98.2%. Thirty-two patients were treated prophylactically and the results obtained were satisfactory. 6. Bacteriologically, the eradication rate was 94.5% in 56 patients; i.e., 52 were eradicated, 2 were decreased, 1 persisted and 1 was unknown. 7. Adverse effects were observed in 7 (4.4%) of 160 patients, i.e., 2 patients had diarrhea and 2 patients had rash, etc. Abnormal laboratory data considered related to the therapy occurred in 28 (17.6%) of 159 patients, with 10 patients with eosinophilia (6.3%) and elevation of GOT and/or GPT, etc. All these were non serious, and all values returned to normal after discontinuance of therapy. An abnormal prothrombin (PIVKA II) was observed in 1 of 10 patients tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in neonates and premature infants. A study of imipenem/cilastatin sodium by a perinatal co-research group]. 267 29

Imipenem-cilastatin was evaluated for tolerability and efficacy in a multicenter open, noncomparative trial involving 178 infants and children with bacterial infections. Imipenemcilastatin was administered in total daily dosages of 100 mg/kg for patients up to 3 years of age and 60 mg/kg for those more than 3 years of age. Favorable clinical response was achieved in 98 of 100 patients judged evaluable for efficacy. Adverse effects were generally mild and reversible and included diarrhea alone or with vomiting (5.1%), irritation of intravenous infusion site (3.3%) and rash (2.2%). Changes in laboratory test values reported most frequently were thrombocytosis (8.9%), elevations in aspartate aminotransferase (7.9%) and alanine aminotransferase (5.6%) and eosinophilia (8.4%). This safety profile appears to be comparable to that of other beta-lactam antibiotics. Moreover imipenem-cilastatin was effective in infections caused by a broad spectrum of pathogens that include Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, P. aeruginosa and anaerobes. These attributes suggest that imipenem-cilastatin should be safe and effective in selected pediatric patients.
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PMID:Imipenem-cilastatin in pediatric patients: an overview of safety and efficacy in studies conducted in the United States. 268 88

Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) were performed in neonates. The results were as follow: 1. A total of 27 patients consisting of 17 mature and 10 immature infants were treated with IPM/CS. Each dose was 20 mg/20 mg/kg, and it was administered 2 approximately 3 times daily, in a 1-hour intravenous drip infusion for 3 approximately 12 days. The clinical efficacy of IPM/CS in 10 patients with bacterial infections (2 with sepsis, 3 with suspected sepsis, 2 with pneumonia, 2 with urinary tract infection and 1 with acute omphalitis) was evaluated as excellent in all patients, with an efficacy rate of 100%. All 5 causative organisms found in 5 patients (Staphylococcus aureus in 1, Staphylococcus epidermidis in 1, Escherichia coli in 2 and Flavobacterium meningosepticum in 1) were eradicated. Among 27 patients administered IPM/CS, adverse reactions were observed in 2 patients. These were rash and diarrhea. As for abnormal laboratory test values, elevations of GOT and GPT were observed. 2. MICs of IPM against 14 clinical isolates (S. epidermidis 1, S. aureus 6, Streptococcus agalactiae 4, E. coli 1, Enterobacter cloacae 1 and F. meningosepticum 1) from neonatal patients with bacterial infections were examined. IPM showed good antibacterial activity comparable to that of cefotaxime against S. agalactiae; however, the activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus was poor. 3. Serum levels of IPM and CS were investigated in a total of 22 patients consisting of 15 mature and 7 immature infants after 20 mg/20 mg/kg of IPM/CS was administered. IPM and CS produced peak serum levels at the end of the drip infusion. In mature infants, peak serum levels of IPM and CS were 31.8 micrograms/ml (17.1 approximately 59.0 micrograms/ml) and 59.9 micrograms/ml (35.6 approximately 99.0 micrograms/ml), respectively. In low birth weight infants, these were 25.0 micrograms/ml (16.8 approximately 41.8 micrograms/ml) and 55.2 micrograms/ml (33.8 approximately 82.4 micrograms/ml), respectively. Half-lives of IPM and CS were 1.0 approximately 2.7 hrs. and 0.9 approximately 7.4 hrs. in mature infants, and 1.6 approximately 3.0 hrs. and 1.3 approximately 9.7 hrs. in immature infants, respectively. Generally the longer half-lives were observed in the younger neonates. Serum levels of CS remained higher and half-lives of CS were longer than those of IPM. The pharmacokinetics in neonates were different from those in adults or children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in neonates]. 274 57

MK-0787 (Imipenem)/MK-0791 (Cilastatin sodium), a new compound of Thienamycin, was administered in treatment of 35 patients (36 cases) with chronic complicated UTI or for prevention of serious infections with much complicated factors. The patients were principally treated at a daily dose of 1 g for over 10 days. The efficacy rate of 26 patients who were evaluable in the early phase (4-7 days) was 88.5%, while it became up to 92.3% in the final phase judgment. As for clinical usefulness, the result was obtained to be as high as that of the clinical efficacy. In bacteriological study, 35 strains were clinically isolated including 7 strains of P. aeruginosa from UTI. All the strains disappeared with an eradication rate of 100% after treatment. Strains appearing after Imipenem/Cilastatin sodium treatment mainly consisted of fungi. Usefulness judgements tended to be greater in the final phase than in the early phase. As for side effects, vomiting was recorded in one case, in which the administration was discontinued. In laboratory findings there were 3 cases with elevated GPT, 2 cases with elevated GOT, one case with elevated gamma-GTP, one with thrombocytopenia, and one with eosinophilia each, but these abnormal values were slight and transient. In summary our clinical study showed that Imipenem/Cilastatin sodium was a very effective antibiotic in treatment on moderate or serious UTI or preventive use for infections in compromised hosts. Considering the features of this agent, it might be more effective and useful for clinical use in treatment on polymicrobial infections including stubborn organisms than any other antimicrobial compounds. Furthermore, it was safe and well tolerable in a long term treatment.
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PMID:[A clinical evaluation of MK-0787/MK-0791 for long-term administration in urological infections]. 310 48

Twenty three neonates and young infants were treated with imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) and its clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated. Ages of the patients ranged from 0 to 83 days, and their body weights ranged from 750 to 4,760 g. Doses of IPM/CS ranged from 17.4 to 21.5 mg/kg as IPM every 6 to 12 hours for 3 to 12 days. Sixteen patients with infections including sepsis, meningitis and pneumonia, appeared to have responded to the IPM/CS treatment. Among them, clinical results were excellent in 2, good in 12 and fair in 2 patients. The drug was well tolerated, but 1 patient had diarrhea, 1 had redness of body during infusion, 1 had elevated GOT and GPT, and 2 patients showed only elevated values of GOT only among the 23 patients. The pharmacokinetics of IPM/CS were studied in 7 patients. Their ages ranged from 0 to 9 days, and body weights ranged from 2.5 to 4.0 kg. Serum concentrations of IPM were between 18.0 and 96.9 micrograms/ml and those of CS ranged 31.7 and 144.5 micrograms/ml in 6 patients at the end of intravenous drip infusion 20 mg/20 mg/kg during 30 or 60 minutes. Elimination half-lives of IPM ranged from 1.2 to 2.0 hours, and those of CS ranged from 1.4 to 2.7 hours. Serum concentrations of IPM was 14.7 micrograms/ml and that of CS was 32.4 micrograms/ml in 1 patient at the end of 30 minute-drip infusion 10 mg/10 mg/kg. The elimination half-lives of IPM was 1.5 hours, and that of CS was 2.9 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in neonates and young infants]. 321 Feb 99


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