Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The usefulness of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) in the treatment of pediatric infections was evaluated. 1. Twenty pediatric patients with infection were treated with SBT/ABPC and an intravenous dosage of 27.8-47.4 mg/kg, 3 to 4 times a day. Clinical efficacies in 18 patients excluding 2 patients of Mycoplasma pneumonia (9 cases of pneumonia, 6 urinary tract infection, 1 tonsillitis, 1 maxillary sinusitis and 1 osteomyelitis) were judged to be excellent in 13 patients and good in 5. There was no case of failure. 2. Bacteriological efficacies against 16 strains (1 Staphylococcus aureus, 3 Enterococcus faecalis, 4 Haemophilus influenzae, 2 Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 5 Escherichia coli and 1 Serratia sp.) isolated from 13 of the 18 patients were rated as "eradicated" for 13 strains, "decreased" for 1 and "unchanged" for 2 with an eradication rate of 81.3%. Of 13 strains eradicated, 3 were those with high beta-lactamase productivity. 3. Rash as a side effect developed in 1 patient and eosinophilia and elevated GOT and GPT were observed in 7 patients but none of them were serious. 4. Blood levels of the drug following an intravenous dose of 30 mg/kg were determined in 2 pediatric patients. Blood levels of SBT and ABPC at 30 minutes after intravenous administration were 19.0 and 29.2 micrograms/ml in one patient and 21.0 and 31.6 micrograms/ml in another, respectively, and those at 4 hours were 0.48 and 0.62 microgram/ml in one patient and 0.59 and 0.89 microgram/ml in another, respectively. The half-lives of SBT were 0.67 and 0.70 hour and those of ABPC were 0.64 and 0.69 hour in the 2 patients, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of sulbactam/ampicillin in the pediatric field]. 274 51

A combination drug of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) was intravenously administrated to 18 patients with ages 3 months to 10 years 10 months with various acute infections including 14 cases of pneumonia, 1 case each of tonsillitis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, empyema and suspected sepsis. Clinical responses were excellent in 14 cases and good in 4 cases. Bacteriological responses of 8 isolated strains were: 7 strains were eradicated and 1 strain was decreased. No side effect was observed in any case. Eosinophilia was observed in 2 cases, thrombocytosis in 2 cases, elevation of GOT in 1 case and elevations of GOT and GPT in 1 case. From the above results, it seemed that SBT/ABPC was a useful drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in the pediatric field.
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PMID:[Clinical study on sulbactam/ampicillin in the pediatric field]. 274 52

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies were done on the effect of cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI, T-2588) (10% granules), a new oral cephalosporin, in the field of pediatrics. The results are summarized below. 1. Antibacterial activities Antibacterial activities of CFTM against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes were studied comparatively with activities of cefaclor (CCL), cephalexin (CEX) and ampicillin (ABPC). MICs of CFTM against S. aureus were distributed in a range between 0.78 and 12.5 micrograms/ml, with a peak value of 3.13 micrograms/ml, which were similar to MIC ranges of CEX and CCL. MICs of CFTM against all strains of S. pyogenes were less than or equal to 0.025 microgram/ml, which were similar to MIC of ABPC. CFTM was approximately 2 to 3 folds more effective than CCL or CEX. 2. Absorption and excretion. Serum concentrations and urinary excretions of CFTM were determined in doses of 3 mg/kg (non-fasting) and 6 mg/kg (non-fasting and fasting). In non-fasting subjects, peak concentrations of CFTM in serum were dose-dependent and were 1.15-2.3 micrograms/ml and 1.8-3.6 micrograms/ml at 2-3 hours, 0.125-0.78 micrograms/ml and 0.245-0.97 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, respectively, for the 2 dose levels. Serum half-lives were 1.03-2.65 hours for the dose of 3 mg/kg and 1.07-1.83 hours for 6 mg/kg. In fasting subjects, the mean peak serum concentrations were 1.73 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 1.13 micrograms/ml at 6 hours for the dose of 6 mg/kg. Urinary recovery rates in the first 6 hours varied 5.3-19.2%. 3. Clinical study Clinical efficacies were examined in a total of 41 cases including 9 cases of bacterial pneumonia, 10 cases of bronchitis, 11 cases of tonsillitis, 7 cases of urinary tract infections, 3 cases of scarlet fever and 1 case of otitis media. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 30 cases, good in 10 cases, poor in 1 case, hence the efficacy rate was 97.6%. All of the 28 bacteria identified in these cases were eradicated after CFTM-PI treatments. No noticeable abnormalities were found as side effects. An elevation of eosinophil, an increase of platelet count and elevations of GOT and GPT were observed in 3 patients.
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefteram pivoxil in the pediatric field]. 281 Jul 43

The combined enzymological investigation including determination of the total activity of asparagine transaminase and alanine transaminase, two serum enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, acetyl cholinesterase, and butyryl cholinesterase was applied to two groups of pregnant women with pyelonephritis treated with ampicillin (12 patients) and roscillin (14 patients). The investigation was performed at the following stages: before the treatment, on the 7th and on the 12th day of the treatment. No statistically significant differences in the average values of the activity of the above enzymes at these stages were observed in patients of the both groups which indicated the absence of the hepatotoxic effect of the preparations on the patients of a group as a whole. An increase in the levels of transaminases recorded in some patients after discontinuation of the treatment course was evident of a possible cytotoxic effect of the drugs without the signs of cholestasis. The effect was connected with the initial functional renal insufficiency.
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PMID:[Enzymological evaluation of the hepatotoxicity of ampicillin and its therapeutic form, roscillin, in the treatment of pyelonephritis in pregnancy]. 399 43

Laboratory and clinical studies were carried out with T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in pediatric infectious diseases. Results were as follows. 1. The average serum concentrations of T-1982 following intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg were 35.3, 64.7 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 25.5, 41.5 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 12.4, 21.8 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, respectively. Dose-response was observed. Urinary recovery rates of T-1982 during 6 hours after injection of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg were 57.3% and 73.6%, respectively. 2. The antibacterial activity of T-1982 against clinically isolated organisms was determined. T-1982 was more active than cefazolin and cefmetazole against K. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and E. coli. It was also effective against ampicillin-resistant E. coli. 3. Thirty-seven patients received daily 30-69 mg/kg of T-1982 t.i.d. for 5-9 days. The rate of satisfactory clinical response was 91.9%. 4. Side effects were diarrhea in 4 cases, diarrhea and rash in 1 case and slight elevation of GOT and GPT in 1 case. But these were transient and mild.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in pediatric infectious diseases]. 641 Jan 2

6059-S, a new oxacephem antibiotic was applied in the clinical use of gynecological and obstetrical infection. 1. In obstetrical field, attention should be paid on choice of antibiotics in the case of maternal infection. Especially in the trimester of pregnancy, such drugs as ampicillin (ABPC) has been reported apparent unfavourable effects by decreasing the estriol (E3) level. 2. The comparative study between 6059-S, SBPC and ABPC was performed by various hormone level, including E3 (blood and urine), blood progesterone, alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), cortisol and human placental lactogen (HPL). 9 cases of intrauterine fetal growth retardation (IUGR) (ranging from 28 approximately 36 weeks of pregnancy) was selected, including toxemia of pregnancy or complicated pregnancy of myoma of uterus and diabetes mellitus. The determination of hormone level, one drug (2g) out of three test drug was chosen at random and administered by intravenous infusion on 3 approximately 4 days after admission. After 5 days of interval, another test dose was given, and the evaluation between the drug effects was performed on the hormonal level. 3. Following the single administration of ABPC (2 g) by intravenous infusion, the decrease of urinary E3 reached 26% on the 2 days after injection. As for SBPC the decrease was 21%, while in cases 6059-S, no apparent change was determined. Statistical difference between 6059-S and ABPC 5% by chi 2 determination was found. On the other hormonal level, there was relatively great individual difference, and the apparent day by day change was undeterminable. 4. Clinical estimation of 6095-S on the gynecological infection was also performed on the 7 cases of patients. The overall efficacy rate was 85.7%. No adverse reaction was observed except one case elevation of S-GPT.
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PMID:[Clinical application of 6059-S in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Effects on gynecological infection and infection of trimester of pregnancy (author's transl)]. 645 70

Clinical effects of ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) were examined in 24 children (11 male and 13 female) aged from 5 months to 7 years 5 months with urinary tract infection. KS-R1 was rectally given to the patients at doses of average 45.6 mg/kg/day divided into 3 to 4 times for average 8 days. Clinical effectiveness was 95.8%. Bacteriologically, the eradication of isolated organisms was observed in 10 (71.4%) out of 14 cases, the decrease in 3 (21.4%) and the persistence in 1 (7.1%). The discharge of suppository within 5 minutes after insertion was observed in 8.7% of patients without diarrhea and in 6.9% of patients with diarrhea. The evacuation rate of the bowels within 10 minutes after insertion was observed in 5.9% of patients without diarrhea and in 41.9% of patients with diarrhea. It was suggested that the administration of KS-R1 to childish patients with diarrhea should be careful. As to the side effects, diarrhea was observed in 2 cases (7.1%) and the elevation of GPT and GOT in 1 case (3.6%).
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PMID:[Clinical effects of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) in urinary tract infection of children]. 655 37

Some 23 patients suffering from severe gastrointestinal infections were treated with cefoxitin (CFX) at the Bokuto Metropolitan Hospital, surgical ward, from September to November, 1982. Clinical examinations were conducted and the findings bacteriologically evaluated. The following clinical results were obtained: Of 23 patients, 11 were treated for diffuse peritonitis, 5 for localized peritonitis, and 7 for cholangitis. Following treatment, 5 were judged "excellent", 12 "good", 4 "fair", and 2 "poor." The clinical efficacy rate was 74%. Antibiotic disc susceptibility testings for ampicillin, cephalexin, gentamicin, and CFX were conducted. Gram-negative rods, such as E. coli, Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., and especially, anaerobic B. fragilis, indicated susceptibility to CFX. B. fragilis was resistant to the remaining 3 antibiotics. Transient elevations in S-GOT and S-GPT levels were observed in 2 patients. However, this was not thought to be caused by CFX. No other irregularities were found. CFX is considered to be a drug of first choice for the treatment of severe gastrointestinal infections. However, for infections due to mixed Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria, concomitant treatment with CFX and an aminoglycoside is recommended.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefoxitin for the treatment of severe gastrointestinal infections]. 665 22

Cefmetazole (CMZ) is an antibiotic agent belonging to the cephamycin group, which is resistant to beta-lactamase and has a broad antibacterial spectrum covering from Gram-negative to -positive organisms. Although this agent has been proved to have an antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus spp., it has not been used for treatment of the infections caused by the organism. Thus, 62 strains of S. aureus isolated clinically were compared for their sensitivity to CMZ, cefoxitin (CFX), cefuroxime (CXM), cefazolin (CEZ), and ampicillin (ABPC). In addition, 5 children suffering from septicemia due to S. aureus were treated with CMZ 158 mg/kg at a mean daily dose for a mean period of 14 days. The dose was used after dividing into 3 and 4 equal parts in 1 and 4 children, respectively. One old patient with septicemia was given 2,000 mg of CMZ twice daily for 4 days and once daily for subsequent 3 days. Another child with bacterial meningitis was treated with 50 mg/kg of CMZ 4 times daily for 63 days. The drug was given intravenous injection by one-shot or drip infusion in all cases under observation of clinical effects, bacteriological effects and side effects. The MIC of CMZ against S. aureus at inoculum sizes of 10(6) and 10(8) cells/ml was 1.56 mcg/ml in 72.6 and 56.5% of the strains, respectively. When 5 drugs were compared on the basis of the MIC to which the largest number of strains were sensitive, CEZ was most active, and CMZ was ranked in the next place and similar to CXM in activity. However, when the whole range of the MIC was considered, CMZ was more excellent than CXM, its MIC was lower than those of CEZ, CFX and ABPC in a greater number of strains. It was considered from the results that the serum level of CMZ was effective against 100 and 93.5% of strains at an inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml and against 100 and 83.9% of strains at an inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml until 4 and 6 hours after a one-shot intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg of Moni-trol I standard, respectively in the children. Thus, CMZ is expected to manifest a sufficient effect on septicemia caused by S. aureus in children who receive a one-shot intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg of it 4 times daily. Treatment with CMZ was clinically evaluated to be excellent in 3, good in 3 and poor in none of 6 patients with septicemia due to S. aureus, and fair in the 1 with Staphylococcal meningitis. The bacteriological result was excellent, since the causal organisms were eradicated in all cases. With regard to side effects, abnormal eosinophilia was found in 2 cases, but it was no ascribable to this drug in 1 of them. GOT showed an abnormal rise in 1 case and both GOT and GPT in 1, although they were considered not to be related to this drug in either case. It is considered from these results that CMZ is a valuable drug in treatment of septicemia due to S. aureus.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefmetazole in serious infection by Staphylococcus (author's transl)]. 695 89

The new broad spectrum cephalosporin, cefuroxime, was used to treat 28 neonates with suspected or proved infection. All of them had had complications at birth or in early neonatal life which were known to predispose to infection. The treatment regimen consisted of intramuscular or intravenous cefuroxime (50 mg/kg twice a day) for 5 days. Previously, such infants would have received gentamicin with penicillin or ampicillin. Pathogenic or potentially pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 7 (25%) of them. All of these organisms were sensitive to cefuroxime. None of the babies had meningitis, but blood cultures from 2 gave positive results. There was significant clinical improvement in 27 of them after 5 days of treatment and each was well on discharge from hospital. Serum urea, total protein, albumin, and alanine transaminase levels were estimated before, during, and after cefuroxime treatment. There were no changes attributable to cefuroxime nor were any changes in haemoglobin, packed cell volume, or total differential white cell counts observed. There were no adverse clinical side effects. One hundred and ninety-four samples of serum were assayed for cefuroxime. The mean peak level after intramuscular injection (42.7 mg/l) was reached in 0.8 hours, and the mean trough level was 10.5 mg/l. The mean half-life of cefuroxime in infants aged less than 4 days was 5.8 hours. In 4 infants older than 8 days, it ranged from 1.6-3.8 hours. Half-life was not associated with birthweight. Cefuroxime is a safe, well-tolerated, and rapidly absorbed drug for the treatment of neonates with suspected or proved infections; it is a useful alternative to gentamicin, if the use of an aminoglycoside is not clearly indicated.
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PMID:Cefuroxime in the treatment of neonates. 706 95


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