Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Approximately 15% of Indian patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related chronic liver disease (CLD) have infection with precore mutant forms. These patients are likely to have an aggressive course. There are equivocal reports of success with interferon therapy of mutant infection in the West. This therapy has not been evaluated in precore mutant-related CLD in Asian Indians. Eighteen patients (mean age 38.2 +/- 12 years, M:F: 17:1) with biopsy proven CLD and precore mutant HBV infection (hepatitis B surface antige (HBsAg) positive, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) negative, anti-HBe positive, HBV-DNA positive) were included. Interferon alpha 2b was given at 3 mIU on alternate days for 4 months. Serology, determination of HBV-DNA (both by dot-blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction) and liver biopsy were repeated after completion of the therapy. Response to interferon therapy was defined as loss of HBV-DNA by dot-blot hybridization. Thirteen (72.2%) patients responded to the treatment (responders). Mean alanine aminotransferase levels (83 +/- 12 vs 55 +/- 29 IU/L, P < 0.01) and the histological activity index (15 +/- 1.4 vs 12 +/- 1.3, P < 0.01) significantly decreased in the responders compared with initial values. Serum albumin levels also improved at the end of the therapy (3.5 +/- 0.4 g/dL vs 3.8 +/- 0.4 g/dL, P = 0.07). During follow up, seven of the 13 (54%) responders relapsed; cirrhotics relapsed more often than chronic hepatitis patients (P < 0.05). All 18 patients, however, continued to be HBV-DNA positive at the end of follow up. This study concluded that: 1. Interferon therapy is beneficial, albeit to a limited extent, in HBV precore mutant-related chronic liver disease in Asian Indians. 2. It is ineffective in eliminating the mutant HBV infection, which explains the high relapse rate. 3. Prolonged low-dose interferon therapy alone or in combination with newer nucleoside analogues should be evaluated in these patients.
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PMID:Low-dose recombinant interferon therapy in anti-HBe-positive chronic hepatitis B in Asian Indians. 971 16

To determine the decision level of liver function in the most elderly patients, we compared serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) values of the most elderly patients > 85 years with those of healthy young adults. Two hundred fifty five elderly people, aged 88-106 years and average 96.6 years(171 women, 84 men), were included in this study. Elderly people were divided into four groups according to their activities of daily living(ADL), 114 Rank-J: free living, 62 Rank-A: unable to go outside without help, 39 Rank-B: bedridden but able to sit up in bed and 40 Rank-C: completely bedridden. Serum albumin values for the most elderly patients in Rank-J were 4.2 +/- 0.3 g/dl for women and 4.0 +/- 0.3 g/dl for men, showing marked decrease from those of young healthy adults aged 19-59 years(p < 0.0001). In 22.2% of elderly women and 44.2% of elderly men, albumin values deviated from the reference interval of young adults. ALT value for the most elderly patients also showed a decrease in both sexes and AST and ALP values for the most elderly patients showed an increase in women compared with young adults. However, these were minor deviations from the reference interval for young adults. In ADL-stratified groups of the most elderly patients, serum albumin values showed marked decrease with decline in ADL, whereas AST, ALT and ALP values remained constant in both sexes regardless of ADL.
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PMID:[Liver function of the most elderly patients]. 1080 30

Phenobarbital is the drug of choice for control of canine epilepsy. Phenobarbital induces hepatic enzyme activity, can be hepatotoxic, and decreases serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations in some dogs. The duration of liver enzyme induction and T4 concentration decreases after discontinuation of phenobarbital is unknown. The purpose of this study was to characterize the changes in serum total T4 (TT4), free T4 (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), cholesterol and albumin concentrations, and activities in serum of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) after discontinuation of long-term phenobarbital administration in normal dogs. Twelve normal dogs were administered phenobarbital at a dosage of approximately 4.4-6.6 mg/kg PO q12h for 27 weeks. Blood was collected for analysis before and after 27 weeks of phenobarbital administration and then weekly for 10 weeks after discontinuation of the drug. The dogs were clinically normal throughout the study period. Serum ALT and ALP activity and TSH and cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher than baseline at week 27. Serum T4 and FT4 were significantly lower. Serum albumin and GGT were not changed from baseline at week 27. Changes in estimate of thyroid function (TT4, FT4, TSH) persisted for 1-4 weeks after discontinuation of phenobarbital, whereas changes in hepatic enzyme activity (ALT, ALP) and cholesterol concentration resolved in 3-5 weeks. To avoid false positive results, it is recommended that thyroid testing be performed at least 4 weeks after discontinuation of phenobarbital administration. Elevated serum activity of hepatic enzymes 6-8 weeks after discontinuation of phenobarbital may indicate hepatic disease.
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PMID:Thyroid function and serum hepatic enzyme activity in dogs after phenobarbital administration. 1083 May 41

Although there have been many studies of the risk factors for recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the subjects were patients with various viral status in the previous studies, and hepatitis C viremia has not been evaluated. We investigated risk factors, including hepatic C viremia and histologic findings of noncancerous hepatic tissue, for recurrence after resection of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC. A total of 223 patients who underwent liver resection for HCV-related HCC were studied. HCV viremia, laboratory data, degree of HCC malignancy, histologic findings in noncancerous hepatic tissue, preoperative interferon therapy, and operative methods were evaluated for recurrence risk by univariate and multivariate analyses. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin, and the proportion of patients with a high histologic activity score (mild to severe active hepatitis) were significantly higher in patients with HCV viremia than in those without viremia. Serum albumin was significantly lower in patients with HCV viremia. By univariate analysis, older age (> 65 years old), HCV viremia, elevated AST (> 40 IU/L) and ALT (> 45 IU/L), large tumors (> 40 mm), multiple HCCs, moderately or poorly differentiated HCC, portal invasion, mild to severe active hepatitis, and lack of preoperative interferon therapy were risk factors for recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed that older age, HCV viremia, high AST, multiple HCCs, and portal invasion were independent risk factors. For HCV-related HCCs, not only the degree of malignancy of the HCC but also HCV viremia and active hepatitis are risk factors for recurrence.
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PMID:Risk factors for recurrence after resection of hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. 1119 23

Metastatic carcinomas are the largest group of malignant tumors of the liver. But parenchymal liver metastasis from cystic ovarian adenocarcinoma is very rare. We report a case in which the resection of metastatic liver neoplasm from ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma was done 7 yr after initial treatment. A 48-yr-old oriental housewife complained of easy fatigability and right lower quadrant discomfort. The hepatic mass was detected by ultrasonographic examination. Serum albumin, bilirubin, and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase were normal. Alkaline phosphatase level was slightly increased at 146 IU/L. A tumor marker study showed alpha-fetoprotein 0.97 IU/mL, carcinoembryonic antigen 0.965 ng/mL, cancer antigen 125 1,267 ng/mL and CA 19-9 106.1 ng/mL. The operation involved cholecystectomy and segmentectomy VI and VII of the liver. The patient recovered from the surgery without any complication. On the 10th postoperative day, the patient received a single-regimen chemotherapy with paclitaxel (Taxol, 155 mg/m(2) BSA) and was discharged. She has been carefully followed-up without any evidence of recurrence after completion of the remaining 5 cycles of chemo-therapy, at intervals of three weeks.
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PMID:Hepatic resection of metastatic tumor from serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. 1206 51

HGV was discovered in 1995. It belongs to Flaviviruses and it is found worldwide. At first it was though to cause chronic hepatitis, in fact its pathogenicity is up till now unclear. The aim of this work was to estimate the prevalence of anti-HGV antibodies among children suffering from chronic hepatitis B (CHB), chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and chronic hepatitis B + C (CHB + C) and to compare it with the prevalence in healthy children in the district of Lodz, Poland, and to assess the influence of HGV infection on biochemical and histological parameters of chronic liver disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS. 153 children with chronic hepatitis B and C and 22 healthy children have been investigated. The presence of anti-HGV was assessed by ELISA. In children with chronic hepatitis prior the entrance to the study HCV-RNA, HBsAg, HBeAg, and if HBeAg-negative also HBV-DNA were assessed. Thick needle percutaneous liver biopsy was performed in each case. RESULTS. Of 153 children with chronic hepatitis, 17 (11%) were anti-HGV positive. Anti-HGV positivity was found in 3 (3%) of 94 children with CHB, 12 (25%) of 48 children with CHC, and 2 (18%) of 11 children with CHB + C. Anti-HGV were not found in any of 22 healthy children. Previous HGV infection was associated with CHC (p = 0.0001), history of hospitalization (p = 0.002) or blood transfusion (p = 0.0006) as compared with children with CHB. Serum albumin or gamma globulin concentration as well as ALT level or degree of inflammation and fibrosis in liver biopsy specimen were not correlated with previous HGV infection.
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PMID:[Infection with HGV in children suffering from chronic hepatitis]. 1215 71

The potential sensitivity of liver specific protein regucalcin as a biochemical marker of chronic liver injury with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration in rats was investigated. CCl4 (10%; 1.0 ml/100 g body wt) was orally given 5 times at 3-day intervals to rats, and the animals were killed by bleeding at 3, 6, 18, and 30 days after the first administration of CCl4. The body weight of rats was significantly lowered 3 and 6 days after CCI4 administration as compared with that of control rats administered with corn oil, and then the weight was restored at 18 and 30 days. Serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activities were significantly increased 3 days after the administration, while a significant increase in serum y-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP) activity was seen at 3 and 6 days after the administration. Serum GOT, GPT, and gamma-GTP activities were restored to control levels at 18 and 30 days after CCl4 administration. Serum albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, and ammonium levels were not changed by CCl4 administration. Meanwhile, serum regucalcin concentration was markedly increased 3 and 6 days after CCl4 administration, and a significant increase in serum regucalcin concentration was observed 18 and 30 days after the administration. Liver regucalcin mRNA and liver cytosolic regucalcin levels were significantly decreased 18 and 30 days after CCl4 administration. Liver content of calcium, which intracellular calcium homeostasis is maintained, was significantly increased between 3 and 30 days after CCl4 administration. Hepatic mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity was significantly increased 30 days after the administration. The present study demonstrates that serum regucalcin has a potential sensitivity as a specific biochemical marker of chronic liver injury with CCl4 administration in rats.
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PMID:Potential role of regucalcin as a specific biochemical marker of chronic liver injury with carbon tetrachloride administration in rats. 1248 26

A 40-year-old viremic woman with HBV related liver cirrhosis (Child-Plugh - C) received 100 mg lamivudine daily for 24 months. Initially the patient was with hepato-splenomegaly, marked ascites and mild jaundice. There were no signs of portal encephalopaty and gastrointestinal haemorrhage. The baseline ALT was about 6 times above the upper limit of normal. Hypoalbuminemia of 29 g/l as well as hyperbilirubinemia of 40 mmol/L and decreased protrombin index of 47% was found. Serological tests showed positive serum HBsAg and anti-HBe antibodies. The patient was HBeAg negative, but with detectable serum HBV DNA (500 pg/mL) by dot-blot hybridization HDV, HCV and HIV co-infections were excluded. A marked improvement in liver function had been found at the end of the third month of therapy, with normalization of bilirubin and ALT activity. Serum albumin and protrombine index increased from 29 g/l to 36 g/l and from 47% to 92%, respectively. The patient was without ascites and Child-Plough score decreased from 10 to 5 points. Serum HBV DNA rapidly decreased at the end of first treatment month and was undetectable three months after the initiation of lamivudine therapy. We found two viremic episodes during the lamivudine treatment. However, Child-Pugh score did not increased and the patient remained with compensated liver disease and with lower ALT than baseline value. The main question is haw long such patients have to receive the lamivudine treatment.
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PMID:Lamivudine induced stable reversal in HBV liver cirrhosis Child C: a case report. 1524 96

To determine the health effects of gasoline exposure on liver function test indices of filling station workers the present study was done. This case-control study was conducted in Shiraz on 56 male gasoline workers and 56 age- and sex-matched control subjects with no occupational exposure to gasoline. To elucidate the role of hepatic detoxifying enzymes, the genotypes of glutathione-S-transferases (GST) M1 and T1 were determined. Data analysis was done by multiple linear regression analysis and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. The present study showed that all measurements were in normal range, although sub-clinical changes were detected in some indices. In liver function tests, exposure was associated with lower serum albumin (t=-3.88, P<0.001) and total proteins (t=-3.016, P=0.003) but higher alanine aminotransferase (t=2.856, P=0.005) and aspartate aminotransferase (t=2.11, P=0.038) levels in workers comparing to controls. Other investigators reported that GSTs involved in detoxification of several toxins including some of the compounds present in gasoline. Therefore, the possible influence of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genetic polymorphisms on alteration of liver function tests indices was investigated. The present findings showed that the genotype combinations of GSTM1 and GSTT1 did not alter the effects of exposure to gasoline in workers except for serum albumin. Serum albumin significantly decreased in workers with both active GST enzymes who had more than 5 years of employments (P=0.01). It is suggested that GSTM1 and GSTT1 are not involved in detoxification of toxicants present in gasoline which are hazardous to liver. Overall, due to detection of sub-clinical changes in hepatic test in gasoline station workers, exposure limitation and administrating safety device are recommended.
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PMID:Alterations of liver function test indices of filling station workers with respect of genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1. 1589 22

Hepatitis C (HCV) is not an uncommon feature in hemodialysis (HD) patients and may be a cause of systemic inflammation. Plasma cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is mainly produced by circulating and peripheral cells and induces the hepatic synthesis of C-reactive protein (CRP), which is the main acute phase reactant. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of HCV on two markers of systemic inflammation, serum CRP and IL-6, in HD patients. The study included 118 HD patients (47% males, age 47 +/- 13 years, 9% diabetics) who had been treated by standard HD for at least 6 months. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence (HCV+) or absence (HCV-) of serum antibodies against HCV. Serum albumin (S-Alb), plasma high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), IL-6, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured and the values were compared with those for 22 healthy controls. Median hsCRP and IL-6 values and hsCRP/IL-6 ratio were: 3.5 vs 2.1 mg/l, P < 0.05; 4.3 vs 0.9 pg/ml, P < 0.0001, and 0.8 vs 2.7, P < 0.0001, for patients and controls, respectively. Age, gender, S-Alb, IL-6 and hsCRP did not differ between the HCV+ and HCV- patients. However, HCV+ patients had higher ALT (29 +/- 21 vs 21 +/- 25 IU/l) and had been on HD for a longer time (6.1 +/- 3.0 vs 4.0 +/- 2.0 years, P < 0.0001). Moreover, HCV+ patients had a significantly lower median hsCRP/IL-6 ratio (0.7 vs 0.9, P < 0.05) compared to the HCV- group. The lower hsCRP/IL-6 ratio in HCV+ patients than in HCV- patients suggests that hsCRP may be a less useful marker of inflammation in HCV+ patients and that a different cut-off value for hsCRP for this population of patients on HD may be required to define inflammation.
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PMID:Effect of hepatitis C serology on C-reactive protein in a cohort of Brazilian hemodialysis patients. 1591 61


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