Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to elucidate the positive rate of serum anti-HCV in alcoholic (with negative HBsAg and without blood transfusion history) and non-alcoholic (type-B and type-NANB) patients with chronic liver diseases. The clinico-pathological difference between anti-HCV positive and negative alcoholic patients was also investigated. Anti-HCV (Chiron C-100-3) was assayed with Ortho EIA kit in 196 patients. Liver function tests and the histological findings were evaluated in 111 cases of chronic hepatitis (CH) and 39 of liver cirrhosis (LC). Following results were obtained. [1] Positive rate of serum anti-HCV in alcoholic patients was 40% in CH, 36% in LC and 100% in hepatocellular carcinoma. In non-alcoholic type-NANB group, it was 75%, 68% and 69%, respectively. [2] Serum GGT/ALT ratio was higher in anti-HCV negative patients than positive patients both in CH and LC alcoholics. In non-alcoholic group, it was higher in type-NANB patients than type-B patients. [3] Among the histological findings in CH alcoholics, lymph follicles in the portal area were characteristic in anti-HCV positive patients, while these were not seen in negative patients. [4] In LC alcoholics, regenerative nodules were irregular in size in anti-HCV positive patients, while these were even and small in negative patients. [5] Serum HCV-RNA was detected in two out of 14 anti-HCV negative patients. [6] A female alcoholic patient who showed positive serum anti-HCV and negative HCV-RNA was presented. [7] For the evaluation of the influence of HCV in alcoholics, further studies have to be continued with more sensitive HCV markers.
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PMID:[Positive rate of serum anti-HCV in various liver diseases and the clinico-pathological study of chronic liver disease in alcoholics]. 166 37

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been proposed to be a cofactor in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis in patients with chronic alcoholism. The demonstration of a different liver histological pattern in anti-HCV positive patients might provide additional evidence. We studied 164 patients with chronic alcoholism, and histologically proven cirrhosis. For all of them, serum samples were collected at the time of a liver biopsy and stored at -80 degrees C. Testing for anti-HCV antibodies was done using the Ortho Diagnostic Systems Anti-HCV ELISA test. Only reproducible results were considered positive. A semi-quantitative assessment of seven histological parameters was made independently on liver biopsy samples. In the study group, 29 patients (18%) had anti-HCV antibodies. When compared with anti-HCV negative patients, both groups had similar ALT and AST seric activities. Anti-HCV positive patients had a greater score of mononuclear cells infiltrate (0.71 +/- 0.57 vs 0.41 +/- 0.52; p less than 0.05) and a lesser score of alcoholic hepatitis (0.19 +/- 0.57 vs 0.74 +/- 0.74; p less than 0.005). The scores for steatosis, perisinusoidal and perinodular fibrosis, and hepatocellular necrosis were similar in the two groups. In anti-HCV positive patients, with a clearly positive recombinant immunobinding assay (RIBA, Chiron-Ortho Diagnostic Systems), a greater score for hepatic necrosis and a lesser one for fibrosis were demonstrated. Among the seven patients with active cirrhosis, six were anti-HCV positive. Therefore, HCV is likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of liver damage in a few patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, especially, those with active cirrhosis.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis in alcoholic patients: histological evidence for hepatitis C virus responsibility. 166 14

A comparison between recombinant immunoblot assay hepatitis C virus (HCV) first generation (RIBA-1) and second generation (RIBA-2) was made on 732 blood donors reactive by anti-HCV ELISA (Ortho Diagnostics System) by the Hepatitis Study Group of the French Society of Blood Transfusion. RIBA-2 results were correlated with ELISA ratio and ALT levels. The number of both reactive and nonreactive samples was higher with RIBA-2 than with RIBA-1, 252 (34%) compared to 224 (31%) for reactive samples, and 404 (55%) compared to 307 (42%) for nonreactive samples. C 22-3 and C 33-c reactivities were observed in 96 and 91% of the reactive samples, respectively. A total of 76 samples (11%) remained indeterminate by RIBA-2, 84% of them reacting only on C 100-3 antigen. A clear relationship between RIBA-2 results and both ELISA ratio and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels was demonstrated: 20% of samples with normal ALT level and 10% of samples with low ELISA ratio were reactive when 91% of samples with ALT greater than 2N and 69% of samples with high ELISA ratio were reactive. The totality of the 57 samples with both ALT greater than 2N and high ELISA ratio were reactive and 93% of samples with normal ALT level and low ELISA ratio were nonreactive.
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PMID:Recombinant immunoblot assay first and second generations on 732 blood donors reactive for antibodies to hepatitis C virus by ELISA. The Hepatitis Study Group of the French Society of Blood Transfusion. 166 33

In order to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), where a high prevalence of false-positive anti-HCV reactions is reported, we studied 79 patients affected with RA. In these subjects we recorded some clinical and anamnestic data (history of blood transfusion, risk factors of liver disease, therapy) and determined, besides a few routine laboratory parameters including rheumatoid factor (RF), AST and ALT, the anti-HCV serology using the 1st (EIA, Ortho and Abbott; Neutralization test, Abbott; RIBA, Chiron-Ortho) and the 2nd generation tests (EIA, Ortho; RIBA, Chiron-Ortho). Four patients (of whom three were RF seronegative) were anti-HCV reactive by the 1st generation EIA tests (5.1%). According to the results of the confirmatory tests, and particularly of the 2nd generation, two patients resulted infected by HCV. These results do not confirm the previously reported high prevalence of false-positive anti-HCV reactions in RA, and demonstrated the usefulness of the 2nd generation tests in diagnosing the HCV infection.
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PMID:[Prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus in rheumatoid arthritis. Study using second-generation tests]. 166 11

To clarify the prevalence of concurrent infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human T cell leukaemia virus (HTLV), we measured HCV antibody in the population of a district endemic for HBV and HTLV infection. Blood samples were collected in June 1990 from 579 inhabitants of four islands of Uwa Bay in the southwest of Ehime Prefecture in Japan. Anti-HCV antibody against C100-3 protein was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (Ortho Diagnostics). Thirteen of the 579 inhabitants (2.2%) were positive for anti-HCV, and this prevalence rate was not significantly different from the frequency of anti-HCV in Tokyo blood donors. A total of 11% (64 of 579) of the subjects were positive for HBsAg and 3.3% (19 of 579) were positive for anti-HTLV. These frequencies of HBsAg and anti-HTLV positivity were distinctly higher than the respective means of Japanese. All anti-HCV positive individuals were negative for HBsAg and anti-HTLV, while 54% (7 of 13) had increased alanine aminotransferase levels. These data suggest that the prevalence of HCV infection is not high even in an area endemic for HBV and HTLV infection.
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PMID:Prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody in an area endemic for hepatitis B virus and human T cell leukaemia virus. 168 26

The successful cloning of a non-structural antigen from the genome of what is now designated as the 'hepatitis C virus' (HCV) has transformed an erstwhile diagnosis of exclusion for non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH). The assay has been validated against panels of known infectivity for NANBH and sera from haemophiliac patients treated either with virally inactivated or uninactivated factor VIII. The predictive value of the assay is being assessed clinically in prospective studies of post-transfusion hepatitis and by using laboratory techniques such as polymerase chain reaction. While the assay shows good predictability in high-risk subjects, an appreciable number of false-positive results are likely in blood donor populations. Furthermore, the extent of infectivity of seropositive blood donors is still the subject of active research. The prevalence of anti-HCV in blood donors varies from approximately 0.2 to 1.5% around the world, based on repeat reactivity in the Ortho antiglobulin ELISA assay. These rates may be appreciably reduced following supplementary testing with recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). Prevalence data in African sera are as yet unreliable, pending assessment by RIBA, presumably because of high levels of IgG interfering with the assay. Presence of anti-HBc or elevated alanine aminotransferase associates to a greater or lesser extent with seropositivity, especially when both surrogate markers are present, but conversely many (unconfirmed) seropositive subjects lack these surrogate markers. An understanding of the modes of transmission of HVC is of obvious importance to transfusion practice. Intravenous drug use is a striking risk factor, but the contribution made by sexual transmission is not so clear.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Non-A, non-B hepatitis and the anti-HCV assay. 171 Dec 60

Three hundred and thirty-nine dialysis patients from two centres (278 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and 61 on maintenance haemodialysis (HD) were tested for antibody against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) using first-generation enzyme immunoassay kits (Ortho Diagnostics). Anti-HCV was detected in five (1.8%) CAPD patients and ten (16.4%) HD patients (P less than 0.00001). Anti-HCV was confirmed to be positive in three (1.1%) CAPD patients and eight (13.2%) HD patients using neutralisation enzyme immunoassay kits (Abbott Laboratories). The marked difference in prevalence of anti-HCV among CAPD and HD patients was related to a significantly greater transfusion requirement of the HD patients. All the anti-HCV positive patients had been transfused. The risk of HCV infection was significantly increased in those who had received more than five units of blood. Four (26.7%) anti-HCV positive patients had one or more episodes of elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values.
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PMID:Hepatitis C infection among dialysis patients: a comparison between patients on maintenance haemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 172 91

Antibody to recombinant hepatitis C virus protein C100-3 (anti-C100-3) was assayed by a first generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Ortho Diagnostics) in 116,700 blood donors who had not been tested before. Total prevalence of repeatably positive donors was 0.72% (n = 842). Prevalence increased significantly from 0.42% at 18-27 years of age to 1.26% at greater than or equal to 58 years. Donors with elevated serum transaminase levels were significantly more often anti-C100-3 positive, but in 98.7% of donors with current or 99.1% with previous transaminase elevations, anti-C100-3 was not found. Elevated transaminases were more often associated with positive anti-C100-3 in females than in males. However, in the total donor population no significant differences of anti-C100-3 prevalence were found between the sexes. During follow up at three subsequent blood donations, 1.08% of donors were positive at least once, but only 0.48% were consistently positive. The cutoff of the Ortho ELISA was not in the minimum of the frequency distribution between positive and negative samples, but far within the range of the negative signals, i.e. the test is likely to produce a significant number of false-positive results. In retesting positive samples with two ELISAs from other producers only a 22% to 65% agreement was found. In a low prevalence group such as German blood donors, the first generation ELISAs for anti-C100-3 produced more false than specific positive results. Most donors with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are anti-C100-3 negative.
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PMID:Prevalence of antibodies to recombinant hepatitis C virus protein C100-3 and of elevated transaminase levels in blood donors from Northern Germany. 176 5

Fibrin glue is a topical biological adhesive, the effect of which imitates the final stages of coagulation. The glue consists of a solution of concentrated human fibrinogen which is activated by the addition of bovine thrombin and calcium chloride. The resultant clot aids haemostasis and tissue sealing and is completely absorbed during wound healing without foreign body reaction or extensive fibrosis. The fibrinogen component of fibrin glue can be produced from fresh frozen plasma obtained from single unit donations thereby reducing the risks of transfusion transmitted infections encountered by exposure to pools from large numbers of donors. Methods involving precipitation of fibrinogen by cryoprecipitation, polyethylene glycol or ammonium sulphate have been described and evaluated. The risk of transmission of infection can be further reduced by using plasma from 'accredited donors' who are plasma donors regularly tested for ALT and markers of viral infection or by use of fibrinogen prepared in advance of surgery from autologous blood. The second component, a mixture of thrombin and CaCl2, is quantitatively and qualitatively well defined and commercially available (Armour Pharmaceutical Co., Thrombinar (bovine thrombin]. Thrombin is applied to the operation site simultaneously and in equal volume to the fibrinogen but from a separate syringe. In the UK a commercial heat treated fibrin glue prepared from pooled plasma is available on a doctor/named patient basis (Tisseel, Immuno, Vienna). The haemostatic and adhesive properties of fibrin glue can be employed in virtually every surgical specialty. The usefulness of the glue is particularly well documented in the fields of cardiovascular surgery, ENT and neurosurgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Fibrin glue. 178 83

Hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) was assessed in serum samples from patients with non-A, non-B liver diseases using an Ortho HCV ELISA kit. In patients with posttransfusion hepatitis, anti-HCV was found in 89% and the interval between onset and anti-HCV seroconversion was 51 to 168 (mean 80) days. Anti-HCV remained positive with fluctuating serum GPT levels in 88% of the patients in whom anti-HCV seroconversion was observed. In chronic liver diseases, anti-HCV was found in 70 to 100%, being more common in patients who had a history of blood transfusion. The average interval between transfusion and detectable anti-HCV was 21.5 years. Anti-HCV was also found occasionally in patients having normalized serum GPT level after the onset, HBV carrier with posttransfusion hepatitis and patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Decreasing anti-HCV titer was noted with the normalization of serum GPT levels in the patients who received interferon therapy. These findings suggest that anti-HCV is closely associated with blood transfusion and HCV infection plays an important role in non-A, non-B liver diseases. The improvement of the current HCV assay system seems to contribute to further evaluation of the clinical entity of HCV infection.
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PMID:[Detection of hepatitis C virus antibody in non-A non-B liver diseases]. 184 11


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