Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pyridoxal enzymes of transamination (aspartate aminotransferase, KF 2.6.1.1. and alanine aminotransferase, KF 2.6.1.2) have been studied for their activity in different departments of the rabbit brain under the effect of ionizing radiation and introduction of pyridoxal phosphate. It has been established that the effect of ionizing radiations does not evoke the change in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity in different structure-functional departments of the rabbit brain, the decrease of aminotransferases activity in the acute period of the radiation sickness being natural. Introduction of pyridoxal phosphate irradiated animals promotes relative normalization of activity of the enzymes under study.
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PMID:[Effect of pyridoxal phosphate on the activity of aminotransferases in different structure-functional regions of the rabbit brain in radiation sickness]. 816 Mar 1

Using 98 plasma samples from cancer patients undergoing antineoplastic chemotherapy, we compared the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase measured by two different methods, with and without the addition of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate to the assay medium. Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate caused an increase of 1 to 20 U/l in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity in 90 and 78 patient plasma samples, respectively. Increases of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity of more than 20 U/l were observed in 8 and 20 samples, respectively. In 8 cases, the increase in alanine aminotransferase activity was greater than 50 U/l, whereas a similar increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity was decreased in only 2 cases. The considerable pyridoxal-5'-phosphate activation in aminotransferase activity observed in the plasma of a significant number of patients suggests that the use of the method with pyridoxal-5'-phosphate is advisable for a correct measurement of the catalytic concentration of aminotransferases in the plasma of patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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PMID:Importance of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate addition to the assay medium for the measurement of catalytic concentrations of plasma aspartate and alanine aminotransferases in patients undergoing antineoplastic chemotherapy. 883 Oct 54

Changes in vitamin B-6 status indicators were evaluated in vitamin B-6-replete subjects. Ten young women consumed diets providing 85 g protein/d and 1.03, 1.33, 1.73, and 2.39 mg vitamin B-6/d for 12 or 15 d during four successive diet periods; in a second study, six women were fed diets providing 85 g protein/d and 0.84, 1.14, and 2.34 mg vitamin B-6/d for 10 or 12 d during three successive diet periods. Vitamin B-6 status indicators showing significant differences among intakes included urinary excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid and total vitamin B-6, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and total vitamin B-6 in plasma, and xanthurenic acid excretion after a 2-g L-tryptophan load. Significant correlations were found between vitamin B-6 intake and 4-pyridoxic acid, total vitamin B-6, plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, plasma total vitamin B-6, erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase percentage stimulation and postload excretion of xanthurenic acid and volatile amines (kynurenine plus acetylkynurenine). Depending on the indicator, between 20% and 70% of the subjects had inadequate values for 4-pyridoxic acid, total vitamin B-6, plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, and erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase percentage stimulation at a vitamin B-6 intake of 1.33 mg/d (0.016 mg vitamin B-6/g protein). A ratio of dietary vitamin B-6 to protein > 0.016 mg/g is required for adequate vitamin B-6 status in women.
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PMID:Changes in vitamin B-6 status indicators of women fed a constant protein diet with varying levels of vitamin B-6. 939 90

The vitamin B-6 status of Indonesian children was evaluated by determining their dietary vitamin B-6 intakes, erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase activity coefficients and plasma pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) concentrations. Thirty-eight third-grade elementary school children (ages = 8-9 y) in rural and 39 in urban areas of Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, voluntarily served as subjects. The subjects included 39 male and 38 female students. The mean vitamin B-6 intake of the subjects was 0.57 mg/d. Fifty-five percentage of the children reported consuming <0.5 mg/d of vitamin B-6 (the 1998 Estimated Average Requirement for those 4-8 y). Erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase activity coefficients >/= 1.25 were observed in 30%, and plasma PLP concentrations </= 30 nmol/L were observed in 25%; these values are considered indicative of vitamin B-6 inadequacy. Similar percentages of male and female subjects had inadequate vitamin B-6 status. Significantly more (P < 0.05) rural children than urban had inadequate vitamin B-6 status as assessed by the three indices. Vitamin B-6 inadequacy was found to be prevalent among these Indonesian children, especially those living in rural areas.
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PMID:Vitamin B-6 inadequacy is prevalent in rural and urban Indonesian children. 1070 84

With regard to adding Pyridoxal Phosphate (PALP), which combines with the active sites of AST and ALT, JSCC recommends measuring holoenzymes without adding PALP, reflecting the biological reaction. On the other hand, IFCC recommends the measurement of both holoenzymes and apoenzymes when PALP is added, reflecting the total diverted from the internal organs. It is important which recommendation to follow from a clinical point of view and from the viewpoint of reducing gaps in clinical facilities. Further, it is necessary to consider each isozyme as well as the time difference between apoenzyme and holoenzyme diversion from blood to accurately grasp the pathology and understand the measurement.
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PMID:[Aspartate aminotransferase (glutamic oxalacetic transaminase) and alanine aminotransferase (glutamic pyruvic transaminase)]. 1179 83

The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamin B-6 for children were recently estimated by extrapolating from adult values because of limited available information. To determine vitamin B-6 requirements and provide recommendations for intakes, vitamin B-6 intake, nutritional status and anthropometry of 168 healthy children (79 boys and 89 girls) were studied in Tainan, Taiwan. Direct and indirect vitamin B-6 status indicators were measured in plasma, erythrocytes and urine. Anthropometric data of children in this study were similar to those of the first Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) conducted in 1993-1996. The plasma pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) concentration of each child was >/=30 nmol/L, indicating an adequate vitamin B-6 status. Daily dietary vitamin B-6 intakes of boys and girls were 0.80 +/- 0.16 and 0.74 +/- 0.16 mg/d, respectively. Daily dietary vitamin B-6 intakes of children who had adequate urinary 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) (>3.0 micro mol/L), erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase activity coefficient (EALT-AC) (<1.25) and aspartate aminotransferase activity coefficient (EAST-AC) (<1.8) were not different from those of children who had adequate plasma PLP, although the percentages of adequacy for urinary 4-PA, EALT-AC and EAST-AC ranged from 20 to 91%. Vitamin B-6 status indicators were strongly correlated with vitamin B-6 intake. Adequate values of PLP, EALT-AC, EAST-AC and urinary 4-PA were used to determine the EAR according to Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) committee methodology. We determined the vitamin B-6 EAR (RDA) for boys and girls aged 7-12 y to be 0.84 (1.01) and 0.75 (0.89) mg/d, respectively.
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PMID:Determination of vitamin B-6 estimated average requirement and recommended dietary allowance for children aged 7-12 years using vitamin B-6 intake, nutritional status and anthropometry. 1236 6

The serum concentrations of Unsaturated Vitamin B(12) binding (UBBC) capacity and the three individual transcobalamins were measured in 34 malnourished children aged 9 months-5 y. Levels of serum vitamin B12, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, albumin and total proteins were also estimated. The serum UBBC, Transcobalamin I (TC I), Transcobalamin III (TC III), vitamin B12 and the enzyme activities were significantly higher in the kwashiorkor children when compared with both the marasmic and control children. There was also a marked reduction of serum Transcobalamin II (TC II), albumin and total proteins in the kwashiorkor children. In contrast with kwashiorkor, there was a slight increase of serum TC II in the marasmic children. Their serum UBBC, TC I, TC III and B12 were also raised but not as high as in kwashiorkor. These results are discussed in the light of the hepatic dysfunction in kwashiorkor affecting the production of TC II in the liver, while the elevated serum B12 in Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) may be due to both hepatic damage and intensified release of TC I as a result of infection.
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PMID:Clinical significance of serum transcobalamins in protein-energy malnutrition. 1682 16

Vitamin B(12) contains a cobalt complex and accumulates at high levels in the liver. Vitamin B(12) was examined for its hepatoprotective effect on dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury in mice. Vitamin B(12) decreased the blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and clearly inhibited the overaccumulation of collagen fibrils. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of the liver showed that the gene expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and heat-shock protein 47, which are markers of fibrosis, were suppressed by vitamin B(12) administration. Our findings indicate that vitamin B(12) could be an effective hepatoprotective agent.
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PMID:Hepatoprotective effect of vitamin B12 on dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury. 1823 93

ABSTRACT Male Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes received a control diet and a pyridoxine-deficient diet. The animals were divided at random into four groups: control rats (CR), control diabetic rats (CDR), diabetic rats receiving a pyridoxine-free diet (DRB6), and diabetic rats receiving saline solution and no insulin treatment (DRSS). The experiment lasted 45 days. During the first 15 days the animals were observed for the development of diabetes and during the remaining 30 days they received the respective diets. The absence of vitamin B(6) did not influence the glycemia levels at the end of the experiment or the weight evolution of the animals. The rats that did not receive pyridoxine (DRB6) only showed a reduction in GPT activity (17.79 U/mL) compared to the other groups. The DRB6 group presented a significantly lower (p <0.05) nitrogen balance during each period (2.38 +/- 0.44 g N/7 days) compared to the CDR group (3.28 +/- 0.56 g N/7 days). The DRSS group presented similar or significantly higher values (2.81 +/- 0.77 g N/7 days) compared to the CDR group. Pyridoxine-deficient diabetic rats treated with insulin suffered important changes in the utilization of dietary proteins, as observed by nitrogen balance and enzyme activity studies.
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PMID:Role of vitamin b(6) deficiency in the nitrogen balance of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 2002 Sep 50

Folic acid and vitamin B(12) are very important vitamins needed for normal cellular metabolic activities. The effects of folic acid and vitamin B(12) on liver integrity of growing Wistar albino rats following therapeutic dose of phenytoin administration were investigated. The activities of serum AST, ALT, ALP were investigated. Serum total protein level and lipid profile were also measured as indices of biochemical changes. The ingestion of phenytoin alone in rats significantly reduced serum protein while AST, ALT activities incresed as compared to the control (P<0.05). Supplementation of phenytoin with oral administration of 70microgram/kg body wt of folic acid resulted in a significant reversal in serum total protein and suppression in serum AST and ALT activities. Vitamin B(12) supplementation did not afford any significant protection against the effect of phenytoin ingestion but rather phenytoin toxicity was exacerbated in this study. However, the combined effects of vitamin B(12) and folic acid ameliorated the effects of phenytoin on serum enzymes of experimental rats. The effect of combination of phenytoin with folic acid or folic acid and vitamin B(12) is an interesting finding. Supplementation of phenytoin with folic acid or combination of these vitamins may be recommended for the purpose of ameliorating the adverse biochemical changes which are associated with phenytoin therapy. Further work is ongoing to help elucidate the effects of phenytoin and these vitamins on oxidative stress inducing mechanism.
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PMID:Effect of folic acid and vitamin B(12) administration on phenytoin induced toxicity in rats. 2310 79


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