Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of 2 recently developed trypanocidal agents, Diamidinophenylindol (DAPI) and Diimidazolinophenylindol (DIPI) at doses of 10-30 micrograms/g intraperitoneally (i.p.) on serum GOT, GPT and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) levels and on liver morphology have been investigated in mice. Pentamidine served as reference drug. Both agents caused dose-dependent increases in serum transaminases and SDH, and discrete morphological changes of the liver, e.g., fatty degenerations, azinoperipheral vacuolisation and alterations of the nuclei, at least at the higher dosage.
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PMID:Changes in serum transaminases, SDH and liver morphology after treatment with trypanocidal diamidines in mice. 400 47

The serum enzymes of pigs naturally infected with the metacestodes of Taenia solium and of uninfected pigs were assayed. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and ceruloplasmin activities were significantly increased in the serum of the infected pigs.
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PMID:Changes in serum enzyme activities in pigs naturally infected with the metacestodes of Taenia solium. 400 13

The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK), were determined in eight organs of 10 healthy male blue foxes. OCT was absolutely liver specific and ALT was also found to be liver specific. SDH was also found primarily in the liver but its activity was relatively low. GGT was found almost exclusively in the kidneys. The highest levels of AP were observed in the kidneys and in the intestines. LDH together with AST was present in high activities in all the tissues tested. CK activity was highest in skeletal and cardiac muscles.
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PMID:Activities of some enzymes in the tissues of the blue fox (Alopex lagopus). 613 May 87

Posttreatment with diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC) largely prevented the development of acute hepatocellular necrosis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in male Fischer rats as monitored by the release of glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and sorbitol dehydrogenase into the serum and by histologic examination. Liver cell necrosis was evident with a dose of 25 mg of DEN/kg and was progressive with increasing doses of DEN. DEDTC (50 mg/kg; three times at 4-hour intervals) was given at 4 or 8 hours after the administration of DEN (100 mg/kg), time points at which at least 50% and 75%, respectively, of the administered DEN had disappeared from both the serum and liver. Under these conditions, DEDTC prevented liver cell necrosis, except for a few isolated cells. Similar inhibition was also observed when DEDTC was given 4 hours after the administration of a necrogenic dose of DMN (20 mg/kg). DEDTC, when administered 4 hours after DEN, delayed the rate of clearance of DEN and of ethylation of DNA and RNA but did not significantly affect the total extent of ethylation of rat liver nucleic acids. These results offer further support for the multistep hypothesis for the development of liver cell necrosis.
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PMID:The sequential analysis of liver cell necrosis: inhibition of diethylnitrosamine- and dimethylnitrosamine-induced acute liver cell death by posttreatment with diethyldithiocarbamate. 624 40

Female rats treated with D-galactosamine showed increased serum enzyme levels of lactate dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase and sorbitol dehydrogenase as well as moderately elevated liver calcium and decreased potassium contents 4 and 8 hours after drug administration. Slightly but significantly more calcium was sequestered in the liver when the animals were additionally pretreated with vitamin D3, while the other investigated factors were not altered by this treatment. A different pattern was found in carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver lesion. Liver calcium levels were also raised when animals with carbon tetrachloride were pretreated with vitamin D3, but in contrast to D-galactosamine injury, liver enzyme release and electrolyte shift were markedly inhibited under these conditions. Together with previously reported results these findings support our concept that an early rise in liver cell calcium content with a related protective effect is a specific phenomenon in carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver cell damage.
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PMID:The role of calcium in liver cell damage. Comparative studies with carbon tetrachloride and D-galactosamine. 626 Dec 29

Hepatotoxicity of vinylidene chloride (1, 1-dichloroethylene, VDC) in rats was evidenced by increases of serum enzyme activities of the aminotransferases (GOT, GPT) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH). Simultaneous treatment with ethanol (4.8 g kg-1; p.o.) totally inhibited these hepatotoxic effects, whereas pretreatment with the same ethanol dose 24 h prior to VDC had no effect. Dithiocarb or (+)-catechin (0.2 g kg-1; p.o.), administered simultaneously with VDC, significantly reduced the VDC-induced increments of serum enzyme activities. Pretreatment with 5% ethanol for 7 days instead of drinking water increased the hepatotoxicity of a single dose of VDC. The combined treatment with VDC (0.125-0.2 g kg-1, twice weekly) and 5% ethanol for 4 weeks led to only small increases of serum enzyme activities as compared with controls treated with VDC alone. However, 60% lethality occurred in the VDC-ethanol group. Administration of either dithiocarb or (+)-catechin with VDC totally antagonized the observed lethality. Metabolic studies with VDC in a closed exposure system indicated that simultaneous treatment with ethanol or dithiocarb totally depressed the metabolic removal of VDC, whereas (+)-catechin had no effect.
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PMID:Influence of alcohol, dithiocarb and (+)-catechin on the hepatotoxicity and metabolism of vinylidene chloride in rats. 630 45

In phenobarbital (phenemalum NFN)-pretreated male rats exposed to 1% halothane for 2 hrs under hypoxic conditions (10% O2), significant increases in serum enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase were observed 24 and 48 hrs later indicating liver damage. In this known model of halothane hepatotoxicity, pretreatment with (+)-catechin (200 mg/kg orally) or silybine (150 mg/kg orally) protected against halothane-induced liver injury, whereas diethyldithiocarbamate (200 mg/kg orally) failed to be effective. Halothane decreased the concentration of reduced glutathione in liver only under hypoxic conditions indicating that glutathione might be involved in the non-oxidative metabolic pathways of halothane. Free fluoride in plasma was used as a measure of non-oxidative defluorination of halothane. Higher plasma fluoride levels were observed under conditions which led to hepatotoxicity but did not correlate with the protective effects of the antidotes. This further supports the assumption that 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane might be the radical intermediate responsible for halothane hepatotoxicity.
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PMID:Influence of dithiocarb, (+)-catechin and silybine on halothane hepatotoxicity in the hypoxic rat model. 631 40

The stability of various marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) plasma constituents was investigated after storage at room temperature, 4 degrees C, and -20 degrees C. The method of sequential analysis ensured that the between-run bias of the methods of analysis used was drastically reduced, and the definitions of stability were linked to the imprecision of these methods. Optimal conditions for storage for as long as 48 h depended on the analyte being measured. Room temperature was optimal for cholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase; 4 degrees C for protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glutamate dehydrogenase; and -20 degrees C for glutathione reductase and alkaline phosphatase. For aspartate amino-transferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, either 4 degrees C or -20 degrees C would be suitable. Reasons are advanced for some conflicting reports in the published work, and we emphasize the need to investigate each analyte and species separately.
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PMID:Stabilities of some constituents of marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) plasma under various conditions of storage. 641 8

Reference intervals for some clinical chemistry parameters in the marmoset were calculated. The effects of age (250-300 days compared with 500-550 days) and sex on the values found was investigated. Alkaline phosphatase levels decreased with age, young males having higher plasma levels than young females, but no sex differences were discernible for older animals. Levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and sorbitol dehydrogenase were higher in older males than in younger females. Higher plasma iron levels were found in the males with increasing age. Age and sex effects for protein and albumin were interactive and further interpretation was therefore difficult. No significant age or sex effects were seen for cholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase or bilirubin.
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PMID:Reference intervals for some clinical chemical parameters in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): effect of age and sex. 643 Nov 85

The effect of haemolysis on the levels of commonly analysed plasma constituents was investigated in the common marmoset. Results were divided into a) low levels of extra haemolysis (less than 2 g/l plasma haemoglobin) and b) high levels of extra haemolysis (greater than 2 g/l plasma haemoglobin). Mean changes in plasma constituent levels were examined and the correlation with increased haemolysis measured. Large changes in malate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase were found at low levels of haemolysis. With higher levels of haemolysis there were statistically significant changes in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase. The significance of these findings is considered in relation to the interpretation of changes of plasma constituents as indicators of tissue/organ damage.
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PMID:The effect of haemolysis on some clinical chemistry parameters in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). 643 Nov 86


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