Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Activities of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were determined in healthy cats and in cats before and after treatment: common bile duct ligation, carbon tetrachloride administration, sham surgery, or anesthesia only. Significant (P less than 0.01) increases in serum GGT, ALP, and ALT occurred in cats with ligated bile ducts. Significant (P less than 0.01) increases in serum ALT occurred in carbon tetrachloride-treated cats. Increases of serum GGT, ALP, or ALT were not observed in cats subjected to sham surgery or anesthesia only compared with these cats' baseline values and values in healthy cats. Tissue GGT activity was measured in liver, renal cortex, jejunal mucosa, and bile ducts. There was a 1.5-fold increase in GGT activity in livers of cats with ligated bile ducts, compared with that in livers of healthy cats.
 ...
PMID:Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in healthy cats and cats with induced hepatic disease. 613 66

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of two H2-receptor antagonists, cimetidine and ranitidine, on halothane metabolism and hepatotoxicity in the hypoxic Fisher 344 rat model for halothane hepatitis. In this model, liver injury is caused by toxic intermediates formed during metabolism of halothane by a reductive pathway. Administration of cimetidine (120 mg/kg ip) 20 min prior to anesthesia led to inhibition of the reductive pathway, as assessed by measurement of the exhaled metabolites, 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane and 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene, during anesthesia, and urinary fluoride excretion in the 22-hr postanesthesia period. Oxidative metabolism of halothane, assessed by serum bromide concentrations 22 hr postanesthesia, was unaffected. Cimetidine administration provided partial protection against the hepatotoxic effect of halothane, as indicated by serum alanine aminotransferase activities 22 hr postanesthesia. When ranitidine HCl (120 mg/kg ip) was administered prior to anesthesia, reductive metabolism of halothane was unaffected, but the oxidative pathway was slightly inhibited. Ranitidine did not provide protection against halothane-induced liver injury. These results provide additional evidence that halothane hepatotoxicity in the hypoxic rat model is due to toxic intermediates formed during the reductive metabolism of halothane.
 ...
PMID:Effects of cimetidine and ranitidine on halothane metabolism and hepatotoxicity in an animal model. 614

In 38 patients subjected to retropubic prostatectomy the effects of continuous lumbar epidural analgesia for 24 hours and the thiopentone- oxygen-nitrous oxide- alcuronium-pethidine sequence with artificial ventilation on the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) have been studied. Per- and postoperative complications were recorded according to a prearranged plan designed to quantify the peroperative haemorrhage, postoperative deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary, circulatory and infectious complications. ASAT, ALAT and AP in the general group and ALAT in the epidural group showed significant increases on the 5th and 7th postoperative days. There existed no statistically significant difference between the groups. 82% of the patients with documented postoperative complications combined with hypoxaemia showed a pathologic liver enzyme pattern in contrast to 9% of the patients with uneventful postoperative course. It is concluded that the method of anaesthesia did not have an effect on the liver enzymes. Complications combined with postoperative hypoxaemia seemed to be the factors responsible for the increases of liver enzymes.
 ...
PMID:Liver enzymes after retropubic prostatectomy in patients receiving continuous lumbar epidural analgesia or general anaesthesia. 618 33

Piperacillin (PIPC) was administered to 4 cases with obstetrical and gynecological infections and the following results were obtained. 1. PIPC was administered by intravenous drip infusion with 4 g per day for 7--14 days. The clinical efficacy was excellent in 2 cases with postoperative parametritis and good in 2 other cases, 1 with infectious ovarian cystoma and 1 with intrauterine infection. In the latter 2 cases surgical treatment was combined. 2. In laboratory findings GOT and GPT were slightly elevated in 2 cases. The relation between the drug and the abnormality was unclear because these rises may be considered due to the anesthesia or the operation itself.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. 621 49

Twelve different enzyme activities, which are listed and explained in greater detail in Table 2, were determined statistically secured, and discussed, following a three-year study into arterial plasma of 118 female and 124 male minks, aged between six and seven months and kept under anaesthesia. Simply normally distributed or logarithmically distributed plasma enzyme activities were found to differ primarily by sex, with other experimental conditions being identical and regular. The enzyme activities of ICDH, active CPK, and total LDH (the latter only with females) were normally distributed, whereas all the other enzymes activities tested, except for gamma-GT and SDH, were of Gaussian distribution only after logarithmic transformation of the individual values. The plasma enzyme activities of GPT, LAP, ChE, LDH1, MDH, and AP differed from those of GOT, gamma-GT, SDH, total LDH and active CPK, in that they usually exhibited highly significant sex-related differences. All minks were tranquilised and kept under general anaesthesia, using neuroleptanalgesia, but all their enzyme activities were found to vary just as widely as those reported elsewhere in literature, in the context of minks without anaesthesia. The latter result was experimentally confirmed by means of a model experiment in which enzyme activities were recorded from nine male ferrets, prior to, during, and after neuroleptanalgesia.
 ...
PMID:[Morphology and biochemistry of blood of various mustelids. 3. Enzymographic studies of arterial plasma of mink (Mustela vison Schreber, 1777)]. 701 Dec 44

The influence if etomidate-infusion-anaesthesia on different serum levels of GOT, GPT, Na+, K+, urea, creatinine and glucose in the postoperative period was examined. There was only a decrease in K+. Although the decrease was significant (p less than 0.05), the results remained normal. The infusion-etomidate-anaesthesia supplemented by fentanyl seems to be an alternative to other types of anaesthesia.
 ...
PMID:[Infusion-etomidate-anaesthesia. II. The influence of different serum levels (author's transl)]. 708 19

In studies of hepatic first-pass elimination of drugs gastric emptying, intestinal absorption and metabolism may be factors difficult to control. Direct access to the portal vein and to the duodenum without the need for anesthesia could overcome this problem. A rabbit model was, there for, developed with chronically implanted catheters in the portal vein, the aorta, the vena cava and the duodenum but necessitating a left nephrectomy. Hepatic and renal function before and 14 days after the operation showed no significant differences with respect to serum GOT, GPT, K, Na, Cl, PO4, urea-N, and creatinine levels. Arterial catheters were functioning for an average of 55, venous catheters for 49 and portal catheters for 59 days. Autopsy revealed no major pathology. This model permits the separate study of hepatic and intestinal first-pass effects in unanesthetized and unstressed rabbits.
 ...
PMID:A rabbit model allowing access to portal vein, vena cava, aorta and duodenum without anesthesia. 719 42

To investigate the effect of deuterium substitution on the biotransformation and hepatotoxicity of halothane, male, phenobarbital-pretreated rats were exposed for 2 hr to 1% halothane or deuterated halothane (d-halothane) delivered in 14% O2-85% N2. The exposures were performed at mildly hypoxic conditions (14% O2) since it was previously established that the decreased oxygen tension promotes both the reductive metabolism of halothane and halothane-induced liver injury. At the end of anesthesia or at 24 hr, the rats were sarificed so that blood, liver and urine samples could be obtained for measurement of metabolites and assessment of liver damage. Deuterium substitution did not affect the levels of reductive metabolites of halothane (fluoride, CF3CH2Cl and CF2CHCl) nor did it alter the degree of hepatotoxicity as assessed by serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels and morphological examination. The levels of oxidative metabolites (CF3COOH and bromide) were significantly reduced at the end of anesthesia and at 24 hr. It is concluded that halothane-induced hepatotoxicity is initiated by reactive intermediates formed during its reductive metabolism and that cleavage of the C-H bond is not involved in this pathway. The oxidative biotransformation of halothane proceeds by an oxygen insertion reaction at the C-H bond. Thus, the increased stability of the C-D bond explains the reduction in oxidative metabolities observed after exposure to d-halothane.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of the biotransformation and hepatotoxicity of halothane and deuterated halothane. 740 Sep 74

The effect of multiple administrations of sevoflurane was evaluated by several measures of toxicity. Cynomolgus monkeys assigned to a control group and three treatment groups were anesthetized with sevoflurane at 1.0, 1.6, and 2.0 times the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) for 3 h/day, 3 days/wk for 8 wk. Reductions in total erythrocyte and leukocyte counts and increases in serum enzymes were the only changes noted. The increases in the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatinine kinase (CK), occurred at Week 1 at all three concentrations of sevoflurane. These increases were dose-related, and returned to baseline by Week 2 for 1.0 MAC. All serum enzyme concentrations had returned to baseline by the end of the study. There were no gross pathologic, histopathologic, or ultrastructural differences found in any of the four groups of monkeys. At 2.0 MAC, three deaths occurred. The multiple administrations of 1.0 and 1.6 MAC sevoflurane anesthesia were well tolerated by the monkeys. The techniques of this study did not detect adverse effects from the above enzyme changes.
 ...
PMID:The effects of multiple administrations of sevoflurane to cynomolgus monkeys: clinical pathologic, hematologic, and pathologic study. 761 27

We report the usefulness of monitoring hepatic venous saturation (ShVO2) during open heart surgery for a patient with severe liver dysfunction. The patient was a 55-year-old man who had been suffering from acute aortic regurgitation due to bacterial endocarditis. Indocyanine green retention test at 15 min was 55%. Serum GOT, GPT and T bilirubin were 56 U.l-1, 35 U.l-1 and 1.5 mg.dl-1 respectively. Aortic valve replacement was scheduled in spite of severe liver dysfunction because amelioration of congestive heart failure after the operation was expected to improve liver dysfunction to the previous chronic state. Anesthesia was induced and maintained by intermittent administration of diazepam and low dose of fentanyl with 100% oxygen. After induction, we inserted a balloon tipped pulmonary catheter with ultra-red beam into hepatic vein by fluoroscopy guidance and monitored ShVO2 as an index of hepatic oxygen supply/demand balance. During re-insertion of a thoracic catheter, we could detect the continued decrease in hepatic vein saturation even after the improvement of systemic circulatory state. Postoperatively, liver function became slightly worse for a short period and improved thereafter. These results suggest that ShVO2 monitoring is clinically useful in detecting hepatic oxygen supply/demand imbalance which circulatory monitoring could not uncover during open heart surgery.
 ...
PMID:[The usefulness of monitoring hepatic venous saturation during open heart surgery for a patient with severe liver dysfunction]. 763 78


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>