Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The transfer of male dogs from lowlands to an altitude of 3370 m was accompanied by hypoproteinemia and reduction of albumins and beta-globulins, stable increase of activity of alanine aminotransferase, decrease of activity of alkaline phosphatase and content of phosphate. This can be interpreted as a manifestation of adaptive changes of metabolic processes to altitude hypoxia. The return of dogs to lowlands was accompanied by the normalization of the changes during the first 20 days.
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PMID:[Dynamics of biochemical indices of dog blood serum at high altitudes and on return to low altitude]. 121 84

Diversion of portal blood in congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) results in liver atrophy and passage of toxins into the systemic circulation causing hepatic encephalopathy. In some dogs, there is indirect evidence for hepatic insufficiency, but histologic findings are equivocal. This study determined whether hepatocyte integrity in PSS is comprised at a subcellular level using analytical subcellular fractionation of liver biopsies. Six dogs with CPSS had hypoproteinemia (6/6), increased serum alkaline phosphatase (6/6) and alanine aminotransferase (4/6) activity, hypocholesterolemia (6/6), and decreased blood urea (2/6). Liver biopsy specimens had increased activities (mU/mg protein) of alkaline phosphatase (17.9 +/- 10.1; controls 5.1 +/- 5.3: P less than 0.01), but not of other plasma membrane enzymes. There were increased activities of endoplasmic reticular (neutral alpha-glucosidase: 1.67 +/- 0.7; controls 0.86 +/- 0.2: P less than 0.01) and lysosomal enzymes (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase: 12.6 +/- 2.3; controls 6.24 +/- 2.7: P less than 0.01; alpha-mannosidase: 0.85 +/- 0.5; controls 0.39 +/- 0.3: P less than 0.05). Subcellular fractionation on reorientating sucrose density gradients showed a high-density peak of alkaline phosphatase suggestive of a specific increase in the biliary canalicular component of enzyme activity. Neutral alpha-glucosidase was shifted to denser fractions, indicative of an increase in the proportion of rough-to-smooth endoplasmic reticulum and consistent with enhanced synthesis of membranous enzymes. There was also evidence for increased fragility of intracellular organelles, particularly lysosomes. In contrast, histology showed either no abnormalities or minor degenerative changes compatible with hepatic underperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hepatic organelle pathology in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts. 161 98

Germanium (Ge; atomic number 32, atomic weight 72.6) belongs to IVb group of the Periodic Table and is found as a trace metal in soil, rocks, plants, and animals. It is widely used in industry because of its semiconductive nature. Some biological activities have been shown in Ge derivatives. Recently, patients with persistent renal damage after chronic ingestion of germanium dioxide (GeO2)-containing compounds have been reported in Japan. This study aimed to investigate subacute nephrotoxicity of GeO2 in Lewis male rats. The rats were treated orally with GeO2 for 13 weeks (GeO2 group) and were compared with those treated with GeO2 for only the first 4 weeks (GeO2-4-week group) and with untreated controls. Renal dysfunction was demonstrated by the increased serum creatinine, BUN, and serum phosphate and decreased creatinine clearance. Liver dysfunction was observed as demonstrated by the increased GOT and GPT, and hypoproteinemia by the decreased total protein and albumin in the GeO2 group. However, daily urinary protein excretion or urinalysis did not differ among the groups. Kidney weight and Ge content of tissues were significantly elevated in the GeO2 group. With the light microscope, vacuoles and the depositions of PAS-stained particles, which correspond to electron-microscopic dense granules in the swollen mitochondria, were predominantly observed in distal tubular epithelium in the GeO2 group. Even in the GeO2-4-week group of rats, serum creatinine was increased and the above-mentioned histological abnormalities were observed, but were less intense.
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PMID:Subacute nephrotoxicity of germanium dioxide in the experimental animal. 233 May 93

Polyarthritis was induced in lambs via the i/v infection with 2 cm3 of 24-hour Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae broth culture, which led to distinctive morphologic and biochemical changes in the peripheral blood. The hemoglobin content, the erythrocyte count, and the hematocrit value dropped, while ESR rose with the development of the infection process. The white blood picture presented transient and slight drop of the leukocyte count followed by leukocytosis with shifting to the left, aneosinophilia, lympho- and monopenia in the acute stage, and well manifested eosinophilia in the chronic stage of the infection. The changes in the total protein and the protein fractions consisted in hypoproteinemia in the first days following infection, hypoalbuminemia during the entire period, and hyperproteinemia and hypergammaglobulinemia in the chronic stage. The changes in the blood electrolites consisted in the rise of Ca and K, the drop of Na, and transient changes in the level of P, tending toward a rise in the chronic stage. It was also established that the values of sialic acid were raised in the entire period of polyarthritis development, while those of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were higher in the first seven-day period only.
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PMID:[Morphological and biochemical changes in the blood of lambs with experimental Erysipelothrix polyarthritis]. 403 95

Spontaneous thymoma rats, Buffalo/Mna (B/Mna), in which nephrotic syndrome (NS) has recently been observed, have notable features in connection with muscle diseases; they exhibit muscle fatigability and weakness. Some biochemical measurements used for diagnosis of muscle diseases and NS were performed in these rats. ACI strain served as a reference strain. Urinary creatinine level and serum enzyme activities such as CPK, aldolase, GOT and GPT in the B/Mna rats did not differ from those in the ACI rats. On the other hand, urinary creatine level, the ratio of urinary creatine to creatinine and serum total cholesterol level in the B/Mna rats were significantly greater than those in the ACI rats. B/Mna rats also showed proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia. These results indicate the possibility of some pathological change of skeletal muscles which may result at least partially from abnormal lipid metabolism and hypoproteinemia as a consequence of NS, differing from the typical muscular dystrophy.
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PMID:Biochemical study on spontaneous thymoma rats with motor dysfunction. 662 Jan 16

Erythema multiforme major and disseminated intravascular coagulation developed in a dog 24 hours after exposure to a d-limonene-based insecticidal dip. Clinical signs included severe lethargy and weakness, ulceration of the oral mucosa, and erythematous serpiginous, annular, and arciform lesions on the head, trunk, and limbs. Clinicopathologic abnormalities included leukocytosis with neutrophilia, normocytic normochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia, prolongation of prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times, increased fibrin degradation products, hypoproteinemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, azotemia, high serum alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, and high serum bilirubin concentration. Despite intensive supportive care, the dog developed severe intrathoracic and abdominal hemorrhage and died. Necropsy revealed severe diffuse epidermal necrosis and widespread hemorrhage within organs. Insecticidal dips containing d-limonene have the potential to induce various toxic effects, including, possibly, erythema multiforme major, and should be used cautiously.
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PMID:Erythema multiforme major and disseminated intravascular coagulation in a dog following application of a d-limonene-based insecticidal dip. 759 26

An intensive combination chemotherapy regimen supported by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was evaluated in 81-adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) patients in a multi-institutional cooperative study. Complete remission and partial remission was achieved in 29 (35.8%) and 31 (38.3%) patients, respectively. The median survival of all patients was 8.5 months with a predicted 3 year survival of 13.5% by the Kaplan-Meier method. The median duration of response was 7.5 months and 13 patients are alive during a maximum observation period of 44.7 months. The median survival time was 29.1 months. Multivariate analysis using the proportional hazards model revealed hypoproteinemia, high GPT and thrombocytopenia as poor prognostic factors. In 42.5% of courses white blood cell (WBC) nadirs were less than 0.5 x 10(9)/l. Days required for the recovery of WBC from the nadir were less than 5 days in 64.2% of the treatment courses. The G-CSF-supported intensified chemotherapy regimen for ATLL yielded a better response rate and longer survival compared to previous reports in Japan. As duration of remission is still short, further studies of postremission therapy or other strategies are warranted.
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PMID:[An intensive chemotherapy of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma]. 882 73

A retrospective study compared the course of alcohol withdrawal, including delirium tremens, in women and men hospitalized in the Nowowiejski Hospital in Warsaw from 1973 to 1987. Medical records pertaining to 1179 patients were analyzed; 13.8% of these patients were women and 86.2% were men. The study showed that women began intensive alcohol drinking later than men (p < 0.0001), but the period between the onset of alcohol abuse and the first occurrence of alcohol withdrawal was shorter in women than in men (p < 0.0001). In the period of heavy drinking before hospitalization, women consumed significantly less alcohol then men (p < 0.0001); moreover, women drank nonbeverage alcohol less frequently than men (p < 0.05). Women were hospitalized substantially longer than men (p < 0.0001), whereas the duration of alcohol withdrawal symptoms at the time of hospitalization was comparable in both groups. Withdrawal seizures were significantly more frequent among men than among women (p < 0.001). Significant differences in the patients' somatic conditions were not noted between the groups, with the exception of anemia and decreased potassium concentration, which were more frequently observed in women (both p < 0.0001), and of increased concentration of ALT and hypoproteinemia, which were more frequent in men (respectively, p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). Co-existing personality disorders, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders--as well as abuse of benzodiazepines and barbiturates--were more frequently observed in women (p < 0.0001). The period between the first hospitalization due to alcohol withdrawal and the time of death was significantly shorter in men than in women (p < 0.05). The results point to differences in the conditions and the course of alcohol dependence and alcohol withdrawal between women and men.
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PMID:Differences in the course of alcohol withdrawal in women and men: a Polish sample. 939 3

In victims of severe combined trauma in early postoperative period there are disorders in the system of monooxygenase detoxication of hepatocytes--the duration of antipyrine semiexcretion period in the blood was 2.5 times longer than in healthy people. In 40% of injured parallelism in changes of values of the antipyrine test and general blood bilirubin are detected; in 18% of cases hyperbilirubinemia is revealed in antipyrine clearence being normal, and in 42% a sharp decrease of antipyrine clearence at the background of normal bilirubin content is detected. Hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminuria, and activation of ALT and AST was revealed, which evidenced of the reaction of urgent adaptation. Under conditions of development of the postoperative stress-reaction the examination of monooxygenaze system of hepatocytes' detoxication is the most specific test of revealing early hepatic insufficiency. A sharp decrease or increase of antipyrine clearence is a sign of irreversibility of hepatic insufficiency.
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PMID:[Antipyrine test in evaluation of patient's hepatic failure in early postoperative period]. 951 Dec 97

Marked stimulation of the chorionic gonadotropins underlies the frequent finding in the mole of larger ovaries with multiple luteal cysts, identifiable using ultrasound imaging, resembling ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. The authors report a case of hyadatid pregnancy which presented serious non-neoplastic complications. Laboratory tests showed high values of beta-hCG and GOT/GPT, electrolytic alterations, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, associated with conditions of severe dyspnea and tachycardia following hydrothorax diagnosed by X-ray. USG showed hypertrophic placenta containing anechoid lacunar areas and swollen ovaries with multiple luteal cysts. Positive results were achieved by using intensive therapy leading to the restitutio ad integrum of damaged functions. Endocrine hyperactivity of the molar trophoblast, with high levels of beta-hCG was responsible for ovarian hyperstimulation. Important findings for the early diagnosis of hyadatid pregnancy are: beta-hCG assay and ultrasound scan; moreover, an adequate follow-up lasting about 6 months is necessary to evaluate the serial trend of beta-hCG and the disappearance of ovarian luteal cysts.
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PMID:[Hydatidiform mole. A case of hydrothorax, expression of a non-neoplastic complication]. 1035 43


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