Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical evaluations of cefdinir (CFDN) 10% granule were carried out. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Clinical responses to CFDN of 23 patients with pediatric infections were excellent in 11 and good in 8. The overall efficacy rate was 82.6%. 2. Bacteriologically, the eradication rate for 23 strains of bacteria identified to be pathogens was evaluated and was 82.6%. 3. Side effects observed were diarrhea in 2 of 25 patients. The incidence was 8.0%. Abnormal laboratory test results observed included 2 cases with elevation of GOT and 1 case with elevation of GPT. These results suggest that CFDN 10% granule, as well as 5% granule, may be a very useful and safe drug for the treatment of pediatric infections.
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PMID:[A clinical study on cefdinir 10% granule in pediatrics]. 176 64

We have carried out laboratory and clinical studies on cefdinir (CFDN) 5% and 10% fine granule preparations. The results are summarized as follows. CFDN 5% fine granule preparation was given via oral route to each of 2 children in the fasting state at a single dose of 3 mg/kg. After administration, the mean peak plasma level of CFDN was 0.76 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and the mean half-life was 1.77 hours. The mean urinary excretion rate of CFDN was 31.5% in the first 12 hours after oral administration. CFDN 10% fine granule preparation and CFDN 100 mg capsule were given via oral route 3 children and to another child in the fasting state at single doses of 3 mg/kg and 2.63 mg/kg, respectively. After administration of 10% granules the mean peak plasma level of CFDN was 0.73 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and the mean half-life was 1.62 hours. The peak serum level obtained after administration of CFDN 100 mg capsule was 0.91 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and the half-life was 1.08 hours. The mean urinary excretion rate obtained with CFDN 10% fine granules was 26.2% in the first 8 hours after oral administration and the urinary excretion rate obtained with CFDN 100 mg capsule was 19.7% in the first 12 hours after oral administration. Treatment with CFDN 5% fine granules was made for a total of 48 cases of pediatric bacterial infections including 21 cases of tonsillitis, 12 cases of scarlet fever, 3 cases of pharyngitis, 5 cases of impetigo, 1 case of subcutaneous abscess, 1 case of furuncle, 5 cases of UTI. Results obtained were excellent in 30 cases, good in 18 cases. Treatment with CFDN 10% fine granules was made for a total of 16 cases of pediatric bacterial infections including 6 cases of tonsillitis, 3 cases of pneumonia, 4 cases of scarlet fever, 2 cases of impetigo, 1 case of UTI. Results obtained were excellent in 8 cases, good in 7 cases, poor in 1 case. No significant side effects due to the drugs were observed except 2 cases (1 case with 5% preparation and another with 10%) with eosinophilia, 3 cases (all with 5%) with diarrhea and 1 case each of elevated GOT & GPT (with 5%) and elevated GOT, GPT & Al-P (with 10%).
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefdinir 5% and 10% fine granules in pediatric field]. 176 70

Bacteriological and clinical studies on cefodizime (CDZM, THR-221), a new cephem developed by Hoechst AG and Roussel Uclaf, were carried out and the results are summarized below: 1. Against Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae, antibacterial activities of CDZM were similar to those of cefotaxime (CTX), cefazolin, cefotiam and piperacillin. Against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia sp., antibacterial activities of CDZM were similar to that of CTX, and superior to those of other tested antibiotics. Especially against Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis, it showed an excellent antibacterial activity. 2. Although the clinical efficacy was poor in 1 patient with sepsis caused by Salmonella marcescens and in another with cervical lymphadenitis, in 5 patients with upper respiratory tract infection, 4 patients with bronchitis, 6 patients with bronchopneumonia, 18 patients with pneumonia, 5 patients with urinary tract infection and 1 patient with enteritis, the clinical efficacy was excellent or good and the efficacy rate was 95.1% (39/41) including excellent efficacies in 25 cases. 3. Bacteriologically, all identified causative bacteria were eradicated except for 1 case of Salmonella sp., thus the eradication rate was 97.4% (38/39). Especially S. pneumoniae in 10 cases, H. influenzae in 12 cases and B. catarrhalis in 3 cases were eradicated totally. 4. Adverse reactions were studied in 46 cases, and digestive symptoms were observed in 9 cases (diarrhea 5 cases, loose stools 4 cases). Eruption and vascular pain were observed in 1 case each. As digestive symptoms in 9 cases were mild, the treatment were not suspended. In laboratory test values, elevation of GOT, elevation of GPT, elevation of bilirubin, and eosinophilia were observed in 1 case each. Influences on blood coagulation parameters were studied. No change was observed between the beginning and the end of the treatment. From above results, we have concluded that CDZM is a useful and safe antibiotic in pediatrics, administered at a daily dose of 20 mg/kg divided into 3 or 4 doses and administered intravenously.
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PMID:[Bacteriological and clinical studies of cefodizime in pediatrics]. 188 Sep 19

Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of cefpirome (CPR), a newly developed cephalosporin, were performed in the field of pediatrics. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Peak serum concentrations of CPR after a dose of 20 mg/kg via 30 minutes and that via 60 minutes intravenous drip infusion and a dose of 40 mg/kg via 60 minutes intravenous drip infusion were 80.8, 63.7 and 128.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, with half-lives being 1.41, 1.28 and 1.79 hours, respectively. Urinary excretion rates for CPR in the first 6 hours after administration ranged 66.7-77.1%. 2. The clinical efficacy rate in pediatric infections obtained at daily dose levels ranging 55.6-166.7 mg/kg was 95.7%. 3. The eradication rate for 22 strains identified in the study was 95.5%. 4. Side effects were found in 2 cases of diarrhea. The abnormal laboratory test results were observed in 5 cases with 7 test items (increased number of platelets; 2 cases, increased activity of GOT; 2 cases and increased activity of GPT; 1 case). According to these results, CPR was considered to be a useful antimicrobial agent in pediatric infections.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of cefpirome in the pediatric field]. 188 Sep 21

Fleroxacin (FLRX), a new quinolone oral antibacterial agent, was studied in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and the following results were obtained. 1. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 105 patients (intrauterine infection 38, adnexitis 28, extragenital organ infection 29, others 10), with an exclusion of 9 patients out of a total of 114 patients. FLRX was orally administered at 200 mg or 300 mg once daily. 2. Clinical efficacy rates were 37/38 (97.4%) in intrauterine infection, 26/28 (92.9%) in adnexitis, 29/29 (100%) in extragenital organ infection and 10/10 (100%) in others. 3. Efficacy rates classified by isolated organisms were 23/23 (100%) in single infections by Gram-positive organisms, 11/13 (84.6%) in those by Gram-negative organisms, 8/9 (88.9%) in those by anaerobic organisms and 15/19 (78.9%) in mixed infections. 4. Side effects were observed in 4 cases (3.5%); gastrointestinal disorder with diarrhea and diarrhea in 1 patient each and insomnia in 2 patients. In laboratory examination, eosinophilia and elevation of GOT and GPT were noted in 1 patient each (1.9%). Based on the above results, we consider that FLRX is a useful drug for the obstetrical and gynecological infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of fleroxacin in gynecological infections]. 190 63

The tolerability of omeprazole was compared to control agents in 68 clinical studies that enrolled a total of 4846 patients, of whom 3096 received omeprazole. The incidence of adverse experiences was independent of omeprazole dose administered, the age of the patients, and the disease treated (duodenal ulcer or endoscopically verified gastroesophageal reflux disease). The most common clinical adverse experiences were headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea. The most common laboratory adverse experiences were elevated aspartate aminotransferase and elevated alanine aminotransferase. Omeprazole was well tolerated, and the incidence of clinical and laboratory adverse experiences was similar in patients receiving omeprazole, placebo, cimetidine, or ranitidine.
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PMID:Comparative tolerability profile of omeprazole in clinical trials. 191 59

We followed up a group of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis who participated in a 4-yr prospective, double-blind controlled trial of colchicine therapy for 4 additional years. All were placed on open label colchicine (0.6 mg twice daily) after the trial was concluded. Of the original group of 28 patients treated with colchicine, 8 died and 5 received transplants (3 of the 5 died). Of the original placebo control group eight patients died and six received transplants (1 of the 6 died). Surviving patients on long-term colchicine therapy (mean period = 8.1 yr, range = 5.3 to 9.1) showed reduction of mean serum alkaline phosphatase from 5.1 times the upper limit of normal values to 1.9 times (p less than 0.01). Mean ALT fell from 1.8 to 1.2 times the upper limit of normal (p = 0.05), and mean serum total bilirubin remained stable (1.6 mg/dl vs. 1.5 mg/dl). Major complications of cirrhosis developed in four patients in the colchicine group and five patients in the original control group. The only side effect of colchicine was diarrhea, which was noted in three patients. The diarrhea resolved with reduction in the dose of colchicine. Colchicine is a safe and inexpensive drug for the long-term treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. The biochemical parameters of disease activity (alkaline phosphatase and ALT) remain improved after long-term follow-up, and bilirubin values remain stable. However, complications of cirrhosis, deaths and transplantations were not prevented. The clinical usefulness of colchicine in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis seems to be limited.
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PMID:Long-term follow-up of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis on colchicine therapy. 195 87

In the majority of patients with intestinal infarction, it is generally agreed that the occlusion of mesenteric arteries or vein is the primary etiologic factor; however, some showed no evidence of thrombosis, embolization or vasculitis as the causative factor. In many patients, this particular type of infarction is the terminal event of the episode. From October 1977 to December 1986, 24 patients with mesenteric infarction were investigated following cardiovascular surgery in our institute. Among them, 15 were diagnosed with organic vascular occlusion; however, the other 9 showed no evidence of thromboembolism or any other organic vascular occlusive lesion of mesenteric vessels and were diagnosed as non-occlusive mesenteric infarctions. All of these patients were in severe cardiac failure (LOS) postoperatively. There was no typical symptom, although abdominal fullness and diarrhea were the major and consistent findings. In blood chemical analysis, the enzymatic levels such as serum GOT, LDH and CPK were significantly elevated and discrepancy between serum GOT and serum GPT was observed. In this clinical situation, it was difficult to establish a correct diagnosis mainly because of the few signs and symptoms present relating to the mesenteric infarction. On the other hand, when the correct diagnosis was made, these patients were too critically ill to be treated conservatively. The outcome of these patients was grave and all of them died which showed 100% of mortality rate. The conservative management did not produce favorable progress, which accelerated LOS and prevented patients from recovering from cardiac failure. The aggressive surgical approach to this particular type of acute mesenteric ischemia might have offered an improved prognosis from these catastrophic events.
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PMID:[Non-occlusive mesenteric infarction following cardiovascular surgery]. 202 11

A new injectable cephem antibiotic, cefpirome (CPR), was evaluated clinically in children. CPR was effective in all the 17 evaluable cases with acute bacterial infections including 1 case of purulent meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. Diarrhea and elevation of serum GOT and GPT were associated with CPR therapy in 2 young infants, although they were mild and transient. The plasma T 1/2 beta of CPR was 1.17 +/- 0.22 hours after bolus injection and mostly excreted in 6 to 8 hours into urine of children with normal renal functions. The data indicate that CPR is safe and effective, when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefpirome in children]. 204 Nov 57

Cefpirome (CPR, HR 810), a new parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic, was studied for its pharmacokinetics, bacteriological and clinical effects in the field of pediatrics. 1. CPR was very active against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae among Gram-positive cocci. Antibacterial activities of CPR were also strong against Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa among Gram-negative rods. 2. The plasma concentration 15 minutes after a bolus intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg was 80.4 micrograms/ml, and the T 1/2 (beta) was 1.03 hours. Plasma concentrations after intravenous drip infusion over 30 minutes of 20 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg were 48.3 and 117 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion, and T 1/2 (beta) for these dosage were 1.14 and 1.45 hours. 3. The urinary recovery rates over 6 hours after administration were 45.2-63.9% for CPR. 4. Clinical efficacies of CPR were excellent in 31 patients and good in 30 patients with an efficacy rate of 98.4%. In bacteriological examinations, causative organisms were eradicated with an eradication rate of 95.7%. 5. As side effects, diarrhea was observed in 5 patients and loose stool in 1 patient with an incidence of 8.2%. Abnormal values were found in some patients in clinical laboratory tests for eosinophilia, thrombocytosis and an elevation of GOT, GPT and triglyceride. These findings indicate that CPR will be useful against bacterial infections in pediatrics.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpirome in pediatrics]. 204 Nov 58


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