Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute toxicity of cefodizime sodium (THR-221) was examined in mice of both sexes, rats of both sexes (including 5-day-old young), and male dogs. The LD50 values of THR-221 (mg/kg) were as follows: (1) mice: intravenous, 7200 for males and 5000 for females; intraperitoneal, 10500 for males and 11000 for females; subcutaneous, 17500 for males and 16500 for females; and oral, 28000 for males and 29000 for females. (2) rats (adult): intravenous, 7000 for males and 8200 for females; intraperitoneal, 9500 for males and 8800 for females; subcutaneous, 17000 for males and 15500 for females; oral, more than 20000 for both sexes; and intramuscular, more than 3200 for both sexes. (3) 5-day-old rats: subcutaneous, 5278 for males and 5314 for females. (4) male dogs: intravenous, more than 5000. Major changes in general conditions observed in mice and rats were decreased spontaneous activity, lying prone, respiratory changes, staggering gait, clonic or clonic-tonic convulsions, and cyanosis, and in the animals dosed orally, diarrhea or salivation was also noted. The changes in 5-day-old rats were respiratory changes, agony, loss of reflex to an external stimulus, and congestion at the injection site, and those in dogs were vomiting, dryness of the nose, and soft or mucous stools. Autopsies on the mice and rats which died revealed hemorrhage on the brain surface. In addition, the following were seen: intraperitoneal retention of fluid and dark red spots on the abdominal wall (i.p.), subcutaneous retention of fluid or jellylike material and hemorrhage at the injection site (s.c.), and retention of fluid and dark red spots on the mucosa in the digestive tract (mice p.o.). In 5-day-old rats which died, the subcutaneous tissue at the injection site showed hemorrhage macroscopically and inflammatory changes microscopically. Hematological and blood chemical tests performed in dogs showed an increase in white blood cells and changes suggesting anemia, increases in GOT, LDH and ALP activities, and slight changes in urea nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus. In one animal given a low dose of 2500 mg/kg, an increase in GPT activity was also seen. However, these changes were all transient. Microscopic findings in dogs were slight inflammatory changes in the subcutaneous tissue around the injection site.
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PMID:[Acute toxicity study of cefodizime sodium]. 317 86

The clinical experience of 661 children with bronchiolitis is reported in four-years period to gain a better understanding of diagnosis and pathogenesis of bronchiolitis. Upper airways infections, expiratory dyspnea, clear sound by chest percussion, vesicular rales and whistling by chest auscultation, air trapping on the chest radiography were considered as essential data of diagnosis. It was found in 595 patients: expiratory dyspnea, air trapping, vesicular r. and whistling in 85% and whistling only in 15%; hypoxemia in 20% combined with hypercapnic acidosis in 10%; normoxemia in 80% combined with hypocapnia in 54%; hyperlactemia in 64% combined with an increment in the serum of CPK in 50% and of GPT in 30%; virus were cultured in 27%, adenovirus and RSV were identified in 90%. Instead it was found in 66 patients: air trapping but no difficult breath, with normal chest auscultation; crisis of cyanosis or paleness-cyanosis chilly sweat in 80% were motive of admission. The clinical and/or radiological features of "air trapping" were considered as essential symptoms and signs of bronchiolitis. The insufficient systemic perfusion was considered as a frequent occurrence and as cause for sudden respiratory and circulatory emergency.
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PMID:[Bronchiolitis. Our clinical experience in the 4 years from 1981 to 1984]. 383 40

Acute acetaminophen intoxication in the cat was studied to characterize the antidotal profile of acetylcysteine. Toxicosis was associated with cyanosis, hyperventilation, depression, and facial edema. Abnormal laboratory findings were methemoglobinemia and elevated serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity. In one trial, each of ten cats was given a 325-mg tablet of acetaminophen, then another after 4 hours. Five of the cats were given antidotal treatment with acetylcysteine (140 mg/kg, per os) at the time of the second dosing with acetaminophen and at 8-hour intervals thereafter for a total of three treatments. All treated cats survived. Two of the untreated cats died. In another trial, doubling each dose of acetaminophen (650 mg) proved fatal in all of four untreated cats. When antidotal therapy was initiated at the time of the second dosing with acetaminophen and repeated at 8- or 4-hour intervals for three treatments, two of four cats in each treatment group survived. Although antidotal therapy was associated with a return of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and methemoglobinemia values toward normal, only the methemoglobin value was a reliable prognostic indicator.
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PMID:Acetylcysteine for treatment of acetaminophen toxicosis in the cat. 740 22

In veterinary medicine, serum creatine-kinase (CK) activity is mostly used to assess skeletal muscle damage. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of increased CK activity in a large, ill-cat population and to characterise associated diseases, clinical and laboratory findings and its prognostic value. Cats with a complete serum biochemistry analysis were consecutively enrolled, divided into two CK activity-based groups (within and above reference interval) and compared. The study included 601 cats. Median serum CK was 402 U/l (range 16-506870). Increased CK (>250 U/l) was observed in 364 (60%) cats, and>30-fold its upper reference limit in 43 (7%). Cats with increased CK had greater (P < or = 0.05) body weight, and were more likely to have a history of collapse, dyspnoea, abnormal lung sounds, cyanosis, shock and paraplegia, higher median serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities and total bilirubin and triglyceride concentrations, but lower, median total protein, albumin, globulin and cholesterol concentrations and proportion of anorexia than cats with normal CK. Cardiac diseases, trauma, bite wounds, systemic bacterial infections, prior anaesthesia and intramuscular injections were more common (P < or = 0.05) in cats with increased compared to normal CK activity. The hospitalisation period was longer (P=0.007) and treatment cost and mortality were higher (P<0.005) in cats with increased CK activity. However, CK activity was an inaccurate outcome predictor (area under the receiver operator characteristics curve 0.58). Increased CK activity is very common in ill cats.
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PMID:Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum creatine-kinase activity in ill cats: a retrospective study of 601 cases. 2023 49