Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lupinosis is a mycotoxicosis caused by the ingestion of toxins produced by the fungus phomopsis leptostromiformis which grows on lupin plants. An outbreak of natural lupinosis in lambs occurred in Caceres, Spain. Clinical signs were inappetence, depression, constipation, weakness and different degrees of jaundice. Blood samples were analysed every 7 d for 5 w for hematocrit, total protein, glucose, total bilirubin, and GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase activities. The last 4 parameters were increased and returned to normal values after 2-3 w. The liver was swollen and a bright yellow color; microscopically fatty metamorphosis, necrotic areas and infiltration of polymorphonuclears were observed. This is the first time that lupinosis is described in Spain.
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PMID:An outbreak of lupinosis in sheep. 174 45

Although Strongyloides stercoralis (S. stercoralis) infection rate in Okinawa Prefecture was less than 2% by the traditional method, it has been proven to be 6.2% by the new technique--agar plate method. Thiabendazole has strong activity to eradicate the organism, but it is well known that the rate of severe side effects is extremely high. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate the new treatment for the infection by mebendazole and its combination with thiabendazole. The reason for use of the drug is based on the reports of successful treatment of S. stercoralis infection in humans with the mild and infrequent side effects produced by the drug. Thirty three patients were orally given mebendazole 100 mg twice daily for 28 days. Twenty six patients were given thiabendazole 500 mg thrice daily for 5 days and after that, mebendazole 100 mg twice daily for 9 days. This combination therapy was repeated twice. The following results were obtained: 1) Out of a total of 59 patients, the cure rate was 83.3% (20/24) in single use of mebendazole and 100.0% (22/22) in the combination therapy. 2) Constipation (9.1%) and headache (9.1%) were of relatively high incidence in the mebendazole group, but they were mild. Nausea (19.2%) and headache (15.4%) were observed in the combination therapy group and the drug was discontinued in 2 patients. 3) The incidence of the elevation of S-GOT, S-GPT was noted in 71.4% (20/28) for the mebendazole group and 52.2% (12/23) for combination therapy group. All 13 patients of the mebendazole group were negative in lymphocyte stimulation test for mebendazole.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Treatment of strongyloidiasis with mebendazole and its combination with thiabendazole]. 228 84

A double blind clinical trial was performed as a multicenter study to determine the usefulness of terodiline hydrochloride (HCl), an anticholinergic and calcium antagonistic agent, for urinary frequency or sense of residual urine in patients with psychogenic diseases, chronic prostatitis or chronic cystitis. Either 24 mg of terodiline HCl a day or 600 mg of flavoxate HCl a day was given for 4 weeks. One hundred and ninety-nine patients completed the test. The final global improvement rating was 70% in patients given terodiline HCl and 48% in patients given flavoxate HCl. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Diurnal and nocturnal urinary frequency and urinary incontinence were less in patients given terodiline HCl than in patients given flavoxate HCl (p less than 0.01). No difference was noted between the two agents in relieving sense of residual urine. Compared with the control period, the average urinary frequency decreased 2.0 times a day in patients given terodiline HCl and 0.7 times in patients given flavoxate HCl. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Adverse effects were observed in 12% of the patients given terodiline HCl and in 16% of the patients given flavoxate HCl. They included thirst, difficult urination, constipation, slight increase of serum GOT, GPT or alkaline phosphatase, and so forth. They disappeared with discontinued use of the agent. The global utility rating was 68% in patients given terodiline HCl and 45% in patients given flavoxate HCl, the difference being significant (p less than 0.01). These results indicate that terodiline HCl is useful for the treatment of urinary symptoms in patients with psychogenic diseases, chronic prostatitis or chronic cystitis.
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PMID:[Clinical effects of terodiline hydrochloride on urinary frequency and sense of residual urine--a double blind clinical trial using flavoxate hydrochloride as a control]. 304 85

In a double-blind controlled study of ursodeoxycholic acid (400 and 800 mg/day) and chenodeoxycholic acid (375 and 750 mg/day), in comparison with placebo, ursodeoxycholic acid was significantly more effective than chenodeoxycholic acid in dissolving gallstones after 12 mo of treatment. Although there continued to be better dissolution during ursodeoxycholic acid treatment (dissolution complete in 30% and partial in another 30% of the patients) than during chenodeoxycholic acid treatment (dissolution complete in 7% and partial in 40%) at 24 mo, this difference between the treatment groups was no longer statistically significant. The incidence of floating stones was significantly higher in the patients who dissolved their stones than in those who did not (p less than 0.001). The three failures of dissolution of floating stones during bile acid treatment were associated with chenodeoxycholic acid therapy--two of them with the 750-mg and the third with the 375-mg doses. Gallstone dissolution with ursodeoxycholic acid occurred in spite of a rise in biliary cholesterol saturation, which was consistent with a nonmicellar mechanism of cholelitholysis. Furthermore, more than threefold serum elevations of L-alanine aminotransferase were observed only during chenodeoxycholic acid therapy. They occurred in 2 patients treated with 375 and 750 mg/day, respectively. The enzyme levels normalized after discontinuation of chenodeoxycholic acid and have remained normal for 13 and 8 mo, respectively, after the institution of treatment with 800 mg/day of ursodeoxycholic acid. There was no correlation between the liver tests and biliary levels of lithocholic acid. Of all the symptoms studied, only constipation showed changes that approached statistical significance (p = 0.0681). There was a significant improvement of constipation in the combined chenodeoxycholic acid groups when they were compared with the combined ursodeoxycholic acid groups. The total bile acid pool expanded significantly in both the chenodeoxycholic acid and in the 800-mg ursodeoxycholic acid treatment groups. The marked increases of biliary ursodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, respectively, indicated compliance with the treatment in all but 1 bile acid-treated patient. Neither serum triglycerides nor serum cholesterol showed significant changes in any of the treatment groups. The study shows that ursodeoxycholic acid dissolves gallstones faster and with fewer side effects than chenodeoxycholic acid. The results of the study are also consistent with the view that ursodeoxycholic acid is cholelitholytic at a lower dose than is chenodeoxycholic acid.
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PMID:Comparative efficacy and side effects of ursodeoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acids in dissolving gallstones. A double-blind controlled study. 635 26

A Phase II study of vindesine was carried out by the Vindesine Study Group in 130 patients with hematological malignancies: mainly 3 mg/body (about 2 mg/m2) of vindesine was administered once weekly by bolus injection. In 122 evaluable patients who had been heavily pretreated with vincristine and/or others, remissions were observed in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, blastic crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia, malignant lymphoma and other leukemias. The overall response rate was 39.3% including 20 complete and 28 partial remissions. No remissions were obtained in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma. All patients were evaluable for toxicity: Leukopenia occurred in 64.9%; peripheral neuropathy in 24.6%; GPT and GOT elevation in 20.7% and in 10.8%; alopecia in 11.5%; gastrointestinal disturbance in 10.8%; and fever in 5.4%. The treatment with vindesine was generally well tolerated, although in five out of 130 patients (3.8%) the treatment was discontinued due to convulsion, feeling of abdominal distention plus constipation, paralytic ileus, dysuria plus constipation, or interstitial pneumonia. Leukopenia and peripheral neuropathy appeared to be dose-limiting factors.
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PMID:[Phase II study of vindesine in hematological malignancies]. 658 Aug 41

The safety and efficacy of one-year administration of propiverine hydrochloride (BUP-4 tablets) were assessed in facilities affiliated with the Department of Urology of Yokohama City University School of Medicine. Changes in subjective symptoms showed significant improvement in mean frequency of urination in the daytime from 10.3 +/- 4.0 times before administration to 7.1 +/- 2.9 times 1 year after the start of administration, in mean frequency of voiding at night from 4.2 +/- 1.7 times to 2.1 +/- 1.1 times and in mean incidence of urinary incontinence from 2.9 +/- 2.1 times to 0.7 +/- 1.0 times. The final degree of overall improvement rate was 82.0% (41/50 cases). Adverse effects were observed 26 times in 22 patients, the incidence being 15.6% (22/141 cases). They consisted of digestive symptoms in 9.9% (6 events of dry mouth, 4 of constipation, 2 of abdominal discomfort, 2 of diarrhea and 1 of gastritis), urinary tract symptoms in 3.5% (4 of dysuria and 1 of residual urine), abnormal laboratory findings in 1.4% (increase in glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase or lactate dehydrogenase levels) and others (1.4%). These results provide further evidence of the safety and efficacy of propiverine hydrochloride (BUP-4 tablets) even when administered for a long-term in the treatment of patients with pollakiuria and urinary incontinence.
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PMID:[Long-term administration study of propiverine hydrochloride (BUP-4 tablets) in pollakiuria and urinary incontinence]. 980 79

A late phase II clinical study (II) of a novel vinca alkaloid derivative KW-2307 (vinorelbine ditartrate) in advanced/recurrent breast cancer patients was performed at 22 institutions throughout Japan. An intravenous dose of KW-2307, 20 mg/m2, was administered once a week. Of the 60 patients enrolled in the study, 58 were eligible and 56 were evaluable. The response rate was 33.9% (19/56; 95% confidence interval: 21.8 to 47.8%) with one CR and 18 PRs. The response rate was as high as 37.0% (17/46; 95% confidence interval: 23.2 to 52.5%) when KW-2307 was used as a first-line chemotherapy for advanced/recurrent disease. The most common adverse event was myelosuppression including leukopenia in 96.4% (54/56) and neutropenia in 94.3% (50/53). Other events observed were increased GOT in 51.8% (29/56), increased GPT in 55.4% (31/56), LDH increased in 50.0% (27/54), serum total protein decrease in 39.3% (22/56), anorexia in 41.1% (23/56), nausea and vomiting in 66.1% (37/56), constipation in 30.4% (17/56), alopecia in 33.9% (19/56) and general fatigue in 46.4% (26/56). None of them were serious. This study demonstrated that KW-2307 was an effective and safe treatment for advanced/recurrent breast cancer patients.
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PMID:[Late phase II clinical study of KW-2307 in advanced/recurrent breast cancer patients (II)]. 1604 60

The efficacy and safety of temozolomide were evaluated in 32 patients with anaplastic astrocytoma at first relapse. Temozolomide was administered orally once daily for the first five days of a 28-day cycle, at a dose of 150 or 200 mg/m(2)/day. The response rate determined by independent central review of MRI was 34% (95% confidence interval: 18.6%-53.2%), with 3 complete response and 8 partial response. The rate of "no change or better" was 91% (95% confidence interval: 75.0%-98.0%). Progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months was 40.6%, and the median PFS was 4.1 months. The incidence of constipation (50%) and nausea (25%) was high,but these events were all mild or moderate in severity except in one subject with constipation,and could be managed with standard laxatives and antiemetics. The main laboratory test abnormalities (total incidence and incidence of grade 3/4 change) were lymphocytopenia (50%, 25%), neutropenia (47%, 6%), leukopenia (38%, 3%), thrombocytopenia (31%, 9%), and increased GPT (25%, 3%). Temozolomide was shown to have good efficacy and tolerability in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma at first relapse.
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PMID:[Efficacy and safety of monotherapy with temozolomide in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma at first relapse--a phase II clinical study]. 1696 25

Vernonia amygdalina Del. (Family Compositae) is used in Nigerian folk medicine as a tonic and remedy against constipation, fever, high blood pressure, and many infectious diseases. We have evaluated the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of an aqueous extract of V. amygdalina leaves against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice in vivo. Activities of liver marker enzymes in serum (glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase) and bilirubin levels were determined colorimetrically, while catalase activity, lipid peroxidation products, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), iron, and total protein concentrations were measured in liver homogenate. Acetaminophen challenge (300 mg/kg, i.p) for 7 days caused significant (P < .01) increases in the levels of bilirubin, liver enzymes, TBARS, and iron, while catalase activity and total protein level were reduced significantly (P < .01). Preadministration of V. amygdalina resulted in a dose-dependent (50-100 mg/kg) reversal of acetaminophen-induced alterations of all the liver function parameters by 51.9-84.9%. Suppression of acetaminophen-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress by the extract was also dose-dependent (50-100 mg/kg). The results of this study suggest that V. amygdalina elicits hepatoprotectivity through antioxidant activity on acetaminophen-induced hepatic damage in mice.
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PMID:Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Vernonia amygdalina on acetaminophen-induced hepatic damage in mice. 1720 40

The purpose of this report is to describe the overall safety profile of both short- and longer-term duloxetine treatment of fibromyalgia. Data from four double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies (two with 6-month open-label extension phases) and a 1-year, open-label safety study were included. Safety measures included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), adverse events leading to discontinuation, serious adverse events (SAEs), clinical laboratory tests, vital signs, and electrocardiograms. The most common TEAEs for short-term treatment with duloxetine were nausea (29.3%), headache (20.0%), dry mouth (18.2%), insomnia (14.5%), fatigue (13.5%), constipation (14.5%), diarrhea (11.6%), and dizziness (11.0%; all p < 0.05 vs. placebo). Most TEAEs emerged early and were mild to moderate in severity. The profile of adverse events in patients enrolled at least 6 months, and for patients in the 1-year study, was similar to that found in the short-term treatment studies, with no new adverse events emerging at a notable rate. About 20% of patients discontinued due to adverse events in the short-term treatment studies and in the 1-year study. SAEs were uncommon, and none occurred at a significantly higher frequency for duloxetine compared with placebo. Mean changes in vital signs and weight were small. Rates of treatment-emergent potentially clinically significant (PCS) vital sign, laboratory, and electrocardiogram measures were low, with only PCS rates of alanine aminotransferase being significantly higher for duloxetine compared with placebo in the placebo-controlled treatment studies. In the 1-year study, four patients (1.1%) had suicide-related behavior. The data provided here summarize short- and long-term safety from five clinical studies in patients treated with duloxetine for fibromyalgia. In addition, postmarketing surveillance continues for adverse events reported with duloxetine in fibromyalgia, as in other indications.
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PMID:Safety and tolerability of duloxetine in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia: pooled analysis of data from five clinical trials. 1953 10


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