Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical, serological and lymphocyte studies were done on 435 patients with biopsy proved anaplastic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in various clinical status, at the National Taiwan University Hospital, from January 1980 through June 1983. Studies on 134 normal control were also done. Using immunofluorescent antibody method, seropsitive rates of the antibody titers against viral capsid antigens (VCA) and early antigens (EA) of Epstein-Barr (EB) virus were 70.8%-100% for anti-VCA/IgG titers (greater than or equal to 1:640), 81.0%-100% for anti-VCA/IgA titers (greater than or equal to 1:40), 66.7%-93.8% for anti-EA/IgG titers (greater than or equal to 1:160), and 40.0%-87.5% for anti-EA/IgA titers (greater than or equal to 1:40) in NPC patients with disease. They decreased to 10.5%-21.7% in remission patients. In contrast, they were less than 5% in the control. Mean total serum IgG and IgA levels were moderately increased to around 1,500 mg/dl and 300 mg/dl respectively, in all patients. The increase was most remarkable in patients with liver metastases. In control the values were 1,211 mg/dl and 223 mg/dl, respectively. Mean serum IgM, C3 and C4 amounts of NPC patients were not significantly different from those of the normal control, the latter were 129, 80.3 and 43.2 mg/dl, respectively. Serum acid phosphatase and calcium levels of NPC patients were all in the normal range of 0.1-2.0 BU/ml and 2.0-3.0 mmol/dl, respectively. Serum GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and mucoprotein were elevated either alone or in combination in some patients before treatment, in many patients with neck recurrence or distant metastases, but in all patients with liver metastases. Using monoclonal antibodies (Ortho Inc., U.S.A.) to define lymphocyte subsets, B lymphocytes comprised about 12% and T lymphocytes about 60% in the patients, whereas they were 11.9% and 73.1% in the control. The helper/suppressor ratio was 1.7 in the control and about 1.0 in NPC patients, and was only 0.8 in remission patients. The lack of correlation between the seropositive rates of anti-VCA antibodies and the helper/suppressor ratio might indicate different manifestations of humoral and cellular immunity in patients with NPC.
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PMID:Humoral and cellular immunity in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 608 49

Bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei have been screened for the presence of enzymes that could serve as markers for the plasma membrane, flagellar pocket, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in order to study the subcellular organization of the digestive system of the parasite. Acetylesterase, acid DNase, acid phosphatase, acid phosphodiesterase, acid proteinase, acid RNase, alanine aminotransferase, galactosyl transferase, alpha-glucosidase, inosine diphosphatase and alpha-mannosidase were partially characterized and their assays optimized for pH-dependent activity, linearity of reaction with respect to incubation time and enzyme concentration, and the effect of inhibitors and activators. The association of these enzymes with particulate material and the presence of structural latency were investigated. Acid proteinase and alpha-mannosidase are particle-bound and latent in cytoplasmic extracts; they can be activated and solubilized in part by Triton X-100. Similar results were obtained for acid phosphatase, acid phosphodiesterase and inosine diphosphatase. Neutral alpha-glucosidase, though partly sedimentable, does not show latency and is readily solubilized by the detergent. Galactosyl transferase is firmly membrane-bound even in the presence of 0.1% Triton X-100. Cell fractionation by differential centrifugation and density equilibration on sucrose gradients revealed that both alpha-mannosidase and acid proteinase are associated with organelles that band at a density of about 1.20 g/cm3. Inosine diphosphatase, galactosyl transferase, acid phosphatase and acid phosphodiesterase sediment predominantly as microsomal constituents equilibrating at densities between 1.13 and 1.15 g/cm3. In addition, inosine diphosphatase and galactosyl transferase exhibit considerable activity at higher densities (1.18-1.25 g/cm3). Neutral alpha-glucosidase is mainly recovered in the nuclear and microsomal fraction; its particulate part equilibrates as a single band at rho = 1.22 g/cm3. Acetylesterase and acid DNase are largely soluble, whereas acid RNase does not produce distinct sedimentation and banding profiles. In intact cells, neutral alpha-glucosidase and acid phosphatase appear to be highly accessible to their substrates. It is tentatively concluded that (a) acid proteinase and alpha-mannosidase are lysosomal enzymes, (b) acid phosphatase and acid phosphodiesterase are associated with the flagellar pocket and part of the former enzyme probably with the endoplasmic reticulum, (c) galactosyl transferase is a constituent of the Golgi apparatus, and (d) alpha-glucosidase may serve as a marker for the plasma membrane. Inosine diphosphatase may also be derived from the latter structure.
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PMID:Subcellular fractionation of Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream forms with special reference to hydrolases. 624 76

The effects of chronic intra-peritoneal administration of aflatoxin B1 on the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatases; glutamic oxaloacetate (GOT) and pyruvate transaminases (GPT); 5'-nucleotidase and lactic dehydrogenase enzymes were monitored in the testis and kidney of adult albino rats. Results showed that aflatoxin B1 depressed the activity of alkaline phosphatase in both tissues, but increased that of acid phosphatase in only the testis. While GOT and 5'-nucleotidase were inhibited, GPT and lactic dehydrogenase activity was enhanced by this carcinogen. These responses were similar for the testis and kidney. The above findings coupled with the microscopical observation of the testis tissue seem to indicate that the essential lesion of this toxin on the testis may be a modification of the enzymes of germinal cells resulting from a gradual depletion of the latter. Furthermore, the results appear to show that by and large, aflatoxin B1 exerts only slightly different effects on the testis and kidney at the enzyme level.
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PMID:The effects of aflatoxin B1 on some testicular and kidney enzyme activity in rat. 625 8

The effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbc AMP) and PGE2 on the content and release of lysosomal and non-lysosomal enzymes was studied in a bone organ culture system using half calvaria from 6-7 day-old mice. In parallel the effect of dbc AMP and PGE2 on the release of calcium (Ca2+) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), glucose consumption and lactate production was also followed. DbcAMP (2.5 X 10(-4) M) decreased the release of beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, acid phosphatase, Ca2+ and Pi during the first day of culture. During the 3rd and 4th day of dbcAMP increased all these parameters. In contrast no changes in the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) were seen. Glucose consumption and lactate production was not stimulated by dbcAMP until the 3rd and 4th day. On the other hand, PGE2 (10(-7) M) stimulated the release of beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, Ca2+ and Pi as well as glucose consumption and lactate production already after 24 h and this stimulation was maintained throughout the culture period. No effect by PGE2 on the release of LDH and ALAT was registered. The activities of LDH in the bone explants after 96 h of culture were significantly augmented by both dbcAMP and PGE2. It is concluded that bone resorption stimulated by dbcAMP and PGE2, is associated lysosomal enzyme release and lactate production.
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PMID:The effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and PGE2 on lysosomal enzyme release and lactate production in relation to bone resorption in vitro. 625 83

Aiming at an improvement of the screening of toxic substances in biological materials and environment, the following biochemical indices were studied by means of the Tetrahymena pyriformis as a testing object: total protein, total lipids, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.27.), gamma-glutamyl transferase (E.C.2.3.2.2.), aspartate aminotransferase (E.C.2.6.1.1.), alanine aminotransferase (E.C.2.6.1.2.), acetyl cholinesterase (E.C.3.1.1.7.), butyryl cholinesterase (E.C.3.1.1.8.), alkaline phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.1.), acid phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.2.) and alpha-amylase (E.C.3.2.1.1.). The study was conducted in the period of the population growth in an experimental medium with the minimum content of nutrients within the 96 hours of cultivation. It has been derived from the results that most of the enzymes are at the top of their activity in the early logarithmic stage of growth, i. e. in the period immediately following the log stage of population growth when the cells are getting ready for intensive division and growth; another peak activity period is the logarithmic growth stage--alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase are an exception with the culmination of activity in the stationary stage of population growth.
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PMID:[Selected biochemical indicators in the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis]. 644 37

112 Greeks living in W. Germany and coming from various parts of Greece and 280 individuals from the Isle of Alonissos (northern Aegean Sea) have been typed for seven polymorphic red cell enzymes, namely red cell acid phosphatase (aP), phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) adenylate kinase (AK), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), esterase D (EsD), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and glyoxylase I (GLO). The gene frequencies obtained in these two samples are compared with the hitherto reported corresponding data from other Greek populations. Finally genetic distances (basing on six polymorphic serum protein and red cell enzyme systems) have been computed for seven Greek population samples. The results of these distance measurements are discussed.
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PMID:Investigation on the distribution of genetic polymorphisms in Greece. 3. Red cell enzyme polymorphisms and genetic distances G. 645 57

Intracellular enzyme activities can be greatly influenced by alterations of pH, and non-physiologic pH may inhibit cell metabolism. The study was undertaken to examine the influence of pH values in preservation solution on ischemic tolerance time of the liver. BDE rat livers were used. Livers were preserved for 20 min or 2 h in warm ischemia after an initial perfusion with Ringer's solution at pH 9.0, 7.4, and 6.0. The values of total adenine nucleotide (TAN) and energy reserve (ER) in the livers were determined at the end of the preservation. After 20 min of warm ischemia, TAN values at pH 9.0 and 7.4 fell to 2.727 +/- 0.255 and 2.410 +/- 0.164 mumol/g, respectively (normal values: 3.414 +/- 0.270 mumol/g) and ER values to 0.786 +/- 0.186 mumol/g at pH 9.0 and to 0.446 +/- 0.095 mumol/g at pH 7.4 (normal values: 2.962 +/- 0.214 mumol/g). A similar trend was also observed after 2 h of warm ischemia. The preservation with a solution at pH 6.0 did not present any difference as compared to that at pH 7.4. Four-hour preservation in cold ischemia with Ringer's solution at pH 9.0 rendered higher values of TAN (2.635 +/- 0.085 mumol/g) and ER (0.336 +/- 0.026 mumol/g) than those in preservation at pH 7.4. No significant difference between TAN and ER values was found when 4-h preservation at pH 7.4 and 6.0 was compared. In another group an intermittent liver perfusion at 1-h interval was performed with chilled Ringer's solution; afterwards GOT, GPT, beta-glucuronidase, and acid phosphatase values in the effluents were evaluated. All of these enzymes showed higher concentration in the effluent with solution at pH 7.4 than that at 9.0. These results suggested that better intracellular energy reserve and organ viability can be maintained by preservation with alkaline solution. Furthermore, ER values seemed to be an excellent indicator of the organ viability during preservation. These were also confirmed by orthotopic hepatic transplantation in pigs. Livers were successfully preserved with alkaline Ringer's solution for up to 12 h. However, without change of pH, livers could not be preserved for more than 4.5 h.
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PMID:[Prolongation of ischemic tolerance time of donor livers by alkaline preservation solutions]. 647 1

The acute and subchronic toxicity (30 days) of N-aminomethylmorpholine-3,3-diethyl-2,4-pyridinedione (DKMM) and N-aminomethyl-piperazine-3,3-diethyl-2,4-pyridinedione (DKMP) was studied. The two compounds were found to have low acute toxicity. No changes are found in the haematological, urological and biochemical parameters, as well as in the histological tests of liver and parts of the cerebrum, after subchronic treatment with doses 150 there is an increase in GOT, GPT and the acid phosphatase. These results also correlate with the histological studies of the liver. The results of the acute toxicity show that DKMM and DKMP are weakly toxic substances (LD50 above 1500 mg/kg). Under conditions of the subchronic experiment the substances were tolerated very well by the animals, without causing lethality and essential toxicological changes in the organs studied.
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PMID:Toxicological studies on the acute and subchronic toxicity of two new derivatives of 3,3-diethyl-2,4-pyridinedione. 652 13

In 44 workers of a chemical plant producing chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, protein concentration and activity of acid phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase and aspartate and alanine aminotransferase in urine were estimated. Protein concentration and activity of all test enzymes were significantly higher as compared to controls: the serum creatinine and uric acid concentration was normal in all examined persons.
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PMID:[Activity of various urinary enzymes in workers engaged in the production of polychlorinated pesticides]. 653 56

Twenty Thoroughbred 3 year old horses (10 stallions and 10 mares), trained and raced at the Warsaw Race-Course were studied from March through November. Blood was taken approximately every 8 weeks to determine the activities of aspartate and alanine transaminases, acid and alkaline phosphatases and aldolase. It was observed that the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase reached their maxima in July and alanine transaminase in May. The activities of acid phosphatase and aldolase showed their minima in July. Comparing these data with the literature it was noted that the changes observed are mainly seasonally-dependent; but, training had some influence on the activity of the enzymes involved in energy metabolism.
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PMID:Seasonal enzyme activity changes in two aminotransferases AspAT and AlAT, acid and alkaline phosphatases and aldolase in the serum of Thoroughbred horses during a racing season. 653 19


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