Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.6.1.2 (alanine aminotransferase)
 26,722 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pioglitazone, a new thiazolidinedione agent,has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity in clinical trials. Pioglitazone HCI was rapidly absorbed within one hour, achieved peak concentrations at 2-3 h, and was eliminated from serum at 24-36 h. Pioglitazone demonstrated dose-dependent pharmacokinetics. Food did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetic profile of pioglitazone. The pharmacokinetic profile of sulfonylurea agents was not significantly altered by concurrent administration with pioglitazone. Pharmacokinetic studies in healthy volunteers and in patients with type 2 diabetes indicated that pioglitazone may be administered once daily. In patients with type 2 diabetes, pioglitazone as monotherapy and in combination with sulfonylureas or an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, and free fatty acids, and significantly increased HDL-cholesterol. Pioglitazone demonstrated either minor increases or decreases in cholesterol with no adverse effect on LDL-cholesterol. No patients experienced jaundice or ALT elevations > or = three times the upper limit of normal. Adverse events were mild and transient; all subjects returned to their baseline health status or laboratory tests upon withdrawal from, or completion of, the studies. Based upon these preliminary studies, full-scale clinical investigations were conducted in Japan, the United States, and Europe. As a result, in many countries pioglitazone has gained approval for use in patients with type 2 diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Pioglitazone: a review of Japanese clinical studies. 1190 Mar 11

The effects of halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane anaesthesia on hepatic function and hepatocellular damage were investigated in dogs, comparing the activity of hepatic enzymes and bilirubin concentration in serum. An experimental study was designed. Twenty-one clinically normal mongrel dogs were divided into three groups and accordingly anaesthetized with halothane (n = 7), isoflurane (n = 7) and sevoflurane (n = 7). The dogs were 1-4 years old, and weighed between 13.5 and 27 kg (18.4 +/- 3.9). Xylazine HCI (1-2 mg/kg) i.m. was used as pre-anaesthetic medication. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg/kg i.v. The trachea was intubated and anaesthesia maintained with halothane, isoflurane or sevoflurane in oxygen at concentrations of 1.35, 2 and 3%, respectively. Intermittent positive pressure ventilation (tidal volume, 15 ml/kg; respiration rate, 12-14/min) was started immediately after intubation and the anaesthesia lasted for 60 min. Venous blood samples were collected before pre-medication, 24 and 48 h, and 7 and 14 days after anaesthesia. Serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH GGT) activities and bilirubin concentration were measured. Serum AST, ALT and GGT activities increased after anaesthesia in all groups. In the halothane group, serum AST and ALT activities significantly increased all the time after anaesthesia compared with baseline activities. But in the isoflurane group AST and ALT activities increased only between 2 and 7 days, and in the sevoflurane group 7 days after anaesthesia. GGT activity was increased in the halothane group between 2 and 7 days, and in the isoflurane and sevoflurane groups 7 days after anaesthesia. All dogs recovered from anaesthesia without complications and none developed clinical signs of hepatic damage within 14 days. The results suggest that the use of halothane anaesthesia induces an elevation of serum activities of liver enzymes more frequently than isoflurane or sevoflurane from 2 to 14 days after anaesthesia in dogs. The effects of isoflurane or sevoflurane anaesthesia on the liver in dogs is safer than halothane anaesthesia in dogs.
 ...
PMID:Hepatic effects of halothane, isoflurane or sevoflurane anaesthesia in dogs. 1515 22